广东省河源地区献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染的血清学及分子生物学特征分析

目的 了解河源地区献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染（occult hepatitis B virus infection ,OBI）的情况,分析其血清学及分子生物学特征。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA) 和核酸检测（nucleicacid testing,NAT）方法筛查河源地区2016 年1 月～ 2018 年5 月44 596 人份无偿献血标本。对HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ 标本进一步采用电化学发光法进行乙肝病毒血清标志物定性,HBsAg 及抗-HBs 定量检测;大容量提取HBsAg-/HBVDNA+ 血浆标本病毒核酸,采用巢式PCR 扩增BCP 和S 区基因序列,对S 片段阳性产物进行基因分型,同时应用实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative PCR,qPCR）测定病毒载量。结果 共确认69 例HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ 标本,其中OBI 68 例,OBI 检出率为0.15%（1∶656）。OBI 检出率男性高于女性,高年龄组高于低年龄组,初次献血者高于重复献血者,河源籍高于非河源籍,差异均具有统计学意义（χ2=4.371, 28.403, 5.157 和7.378,P=0.037, 0.000, 0.023 和0.007）。病毒载量测定10 例不可定量,其余58 例病毒载量范围为1.08~1 383.93 IU/ml( 中位数34.38 IU/ml);不同血清学模式病毒载量分布差异有统计学意义(U=333.000, P=0.008)。43 例可分型的OBI 标本中,B基因型41 例（95.3%）,C基因型2 例（4.7%）。结论 河源地区献血人群OBI 检出率相对较高,以B 基因型为主。应选用灵敏度更高的单人份核酸检测系统以进一步提高OBI 标本的检出率,降低经输血传播HBV 风险。     

单独抗-HBc阳性隐匿性HBV检测方法研究进展

正隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(OBI)是HBV感染的一种特殊形式,指血清HBsAg阴性,肝脏组织HBV DNA阳性,伴或不伴血清HBV DNA阳性的HBV感染。国内报道OBI在献血者及健康人群中的发生率为0.010 6%~2.710 0%~[1]。OBI患者能够经输血、器官组织移植等传播HBV,合并OBI可能会对丙肝患者的治疗效果造成影响或引发肝癌。研究显示,作为OBI血清学表现形式之一,单独抗-HBc阳性患者HBV DNA     

HBV DNA阳性献血者感染标志物定量分析

目的 探究乙型肝炎病毒核酸（HBV DNA）阳性献血者感染标志物含量特征。方法 收集2019年9月至2021年5月金华市中心血站HBV DNA阳性献血者标本,运用时间分辨荧光免疫分析（TRFIA）定量检测乙肝五项和实时荧光PCR技术定量检测HBV DNA,并按照HBsAg阴性和HBsAg阳性进行分组比较感染标志物含量。结果共检测46 324例标本,发现HBV DNA阳性124例,阳性率0.27%,平均HBV DNA浓度（1.82±0.94）lgIU/mL。其中,HBsAg阴性组64例、HBsAg阳性组60例。HBsAg阴性组HBcAb阳性率为93.75%,主要以HBeAb(+)+HBcAb（+）及单独HBcAb（+）血清学模式为主,HBcAb平均浓度9.01(6.10,11.51)PEIU/mL,HBsAb平均浓度为3.18(1.06,14.86)mIU/mL,HBV DNA平均浓度为1.33(0.90,1.70)lgIU/mL。HBsAg阳性组HBcAb阳性率为100%,主要以HBeAb(+)+HBcAb（+）模式为主,HBcAb平均浓度14.85(9.90,18.48)PEIU/m...     

献血人群血清anti-HBC和HBV DNA检测的意义

目的探讨无偿献血者乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体与隐匿性感染的关系。方法收集无偿献血者样本9 100份,采用ELISA法进行HBsAg和anti-HBC血清学筛查,对anti-HBC阳性血清PCR检测乙肝病毒核酸。结果 911份（10.01%）标本为anti-HBC阳性,其中820份（90.01%）HBsAg阴性,34例血清HBV DNA阳性。结论常规检测对于献血者筛查具有重要意义。     

江苏地区献血者隐匿性HBV感染情况调查

目的调查无偿献血人群中隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒的携带率,病毒载量与血清学标志物检出的关系。方法对无偿献血者血液进行ELISA检测后,再行HBV、HCV、HIV核酸检测(NAT)。ELISA阴性、NAT阳性样品再进行HBVDNA、HCV RNA、HIV RNA定量检测及HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb化学发光法检测。结果共检测51 248份献血者血液样品,检出41例隐匿性HBV感染者,其携带率为0.80‰;血浆HBV病毒载量均小于66IU/ml;HBcAb阳性者23例,占56.1%;HBcAb伴HBsAb阳性者14例,占34.1%;HBsAb阳性4例,占9.7%。HBsAb或伴HBcAb阳性组与单一HBcAb阳性组相比,HBV DNA含量的差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论江苏地区无偿献血者中隐匿性HBV感染率约为0.80‰;其HBV病毒载量均较低,且血清学标志物的检出模式与病毒载量无相关性。     

献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎的血清学分布特征分析

目的分析邯郸地区无偿献血者隐匿性乙肝(OBI)的血清学分布特征。方法选取邯郸市中心血站2017年3月1日～12月31日、采用两种ELISA试剂进行HBsAg检测的无偿献血者血液标本75 984例,用常规HBsAg单试剂阳性标本和阴性标本进行核酸(定性)检测,将得到的核酸检测为HBV DNA反应性标本,采用化学发光"两对半"和核酸定量检测,结合检测结果和献血者统计资料进行关联分析。结果得到HBsAg~-/HBV DNA+/HBcAb+的样本26例,可能为OBI标本,其中HB sAg~-/HB sAb~+/HBcAb+及HBsAg~-/HBsAb~-/HBcAb~+为OBI的主要血清型模式,这两种血清型各占总数的30.8%和50.0%。HBsAb100IU/L标本占总例数的11.5%(3/26),HBsAb为(20～160) IU/L的例数为6例,占总例数的23.1%(6/26)。梯度稀释HBV DNA标准品的浓度(3.15 IU/mL、4.2 IU/mL、6.3 IU/mL、8.4 IU/mL)的核酸检测对应CT值依次为41.14、37.45、36.23、35.04。OBI感染率在男性和女性性别上的差异无统计学意义,在年龄分布上,随着岁数增大而呈现升高趋势。结论增加核酸检测会降低单纯采用两遍ELISA法检测HBsAg造成的输血感染风险,特别是对于OBI的检出,提高输血安全。鼓励抗-HBs滴度较低的健康献血人群适时注射乙肝疫苗,降低乙型肝炎的输血传染风险。     

河北省部分地区及北京市献血人群的抗-HCV调查

对来自河北省固安、永清、新城、徐水等县及北京市18个区县的不同献血人群共21844人进行了抗—HCV调查。发现无偿和公民义务献血者抗HCV阳性率分别为1.7％(13/738)和2.9％(116/3943);个体供血者和献浆者分别为13.6％(2011/14757)和48.1％(1161/2415)。河北省固安与永清两县个体供血者抗-HCV阳性率分别为16.4％(82/499)和13.9％(53/381),献浆者分别为50％(575/1148)和56％(540/965)。抗-HCV阳性率随谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平升高而增加。ALT水平在45单位以上者,抗-HCV阳性率高于45.5％。     

不同核酸检测方法对献血者隐匿性乙肝病毒感染的研究

目的了解无偿献血者中隐匿性乙肝病毒感染情况,并比较不同核酸检测方法对隐匿性乙肝病毒感染检测能力的差异。方法分别采用nested-PCR和Procleix Ultrio全自动核酸检测系统对无偿献血者血浆标本进行HBV核酸检测,对核酸阳性标本进行HBV DNA序列分析。结果在总计9 209例次标本的检测中,共有9 159例为HBsAg(-);HBsAg(-)标本中nested-PCR方法检出18例HBV DNA阳性(0.19%,18/9 159),而Procleix Ultrio检出7例(0.076%,7/9 159),两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);测序结果显示隐匿性HBV感染者中C基因型所占的比例(64.7%,11/17)明显高于HBsAg阳性的HBV感染者(23.1%,6/23,P<0.01)。结论闽南地区无偿献血者中存在较高比例的隐匿性乙肝病毒感染;不同核酸检测方法对献血者隐匿性乙肝病毒感染的检测能力存在差异。     

不同检测方法对隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染的诊断价值分析

目的：探讨隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的不同诊断试验方法。方法选取该院行肝脏活检的患者68例,A 组12例为乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性患者;B 组27例为乙型肝炎表面抗体（HBsAb）阴性、乙型肝炎核心抗体（HBcAb）阴性,且丙型肝炎抗体阳性的患者;C 组11例为 HBsAb 阳性,且 HBcAb 阳性的患者;D 组18例为 HBsAb 阴性、HBcAb 阳性的患者。检测外周血清乙型肝炎标志物,外周血单核细胞（PBMCs）,肝组织 HBV DNA 的表达。结果 A 组患者为显性乙型肝炎患者,经血清学、PBMCs 、肝组织 HBV DNA 检测均提示 DNA 阳性。 HBcAb 阳性的患者（C 、D 组）其隐匿性 HBV 感染的比例较 HBcAb阴性（B 组）的患者明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论隐匿性 HBV 感染在人群中有一定的发病率,对于高危患者（合并丙型肝炎或 HBcAb 阳性）应常规检测 HBV DNA ,联合多种检测方法可提高隐匿性 HBV 感染的诊断率。     

青年献血人群HBV/OBI感染者血清中IL-10表达水平的分析

目的检测乙型肝炎病毒感染者及隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(OBI)者外周血中IL-10的表达水平。方法收集2013年6月~2015年6月期间陕西省血液中心采集的年龄范围在20~40岁的无偿献血者血液标本,选择HBsAg阳性标本作为HBV组;选择HBsAg阴性/HBV DNA阳性,同时经随访排除窗口期的血液标本作为OBI组,采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测48例OBI感染者,37例HBV感染者血清中IL-10的水平,并分析其与丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乙肝病毒血清学标志物之间的相关性。结果OBI组血清IL-10含量为21.9±0.7 pg/ml,显著低于HBV组40.4±10.4 pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(F=4.062,P=0.047);OBI组、HBV组血清中ALT含量分别为18.3 ±1.3 U/L和18.4±1.5 U/L,组间差异无统计学意义(F=1.131,P=0.992)。根据ALT水平的高低,进一步将HBV组和OBI组献血者分为ALT≤20 U/L和20 U/L相似文献   

Anti-HBc screening in Egyptian blood donors reduces the risk of hepatitis B virus transmission

summary .  Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) in blood donors is considered as a potential risk for transmission of HBV infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBC) positivity in Egyptian blood donations as well as to estimate the frequency of HBV-DNA in anti-HBc-positive donations. The study included 760 Egyptian healthy blood donors, representing 26 different Egyptian governorates screened according to routine practice for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies (Abs), HIV-1/2 Abs and Treponema Abs. The accepted blood units for donation were tested for the presence of total anti-HBc Abs by two tests. Positive units for anti-HBc were further tested for HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction. According to routine screening, a total of 48/760 units (6·3%) were rejected [38 (5%) HCV-Ab-positive units, 9 (1·18%) HbsAg-positive units and 1 (0·13%) Treponema-Ab-positive unit]. Among the accepted blood units for donation, prevalence of anti-HBc was 78/712 units (10·96%). HBV-DNA was detected in 9/78 (11·54%) of the anti-HBc-positive units, and thus, occult HBV infection was detected in 9/712 (1·26%) of the accepted blood donations. Implementing anti-HBc test to the routine assay for the forthcoming two decades would certainly eliminate possible HBV-infected units. Rejection of these units will be beneficial to decrease the risk of HBV transmission with its potential consequences particularly in immunocompromised recipients.     

核酸检测单反应性无偿献血者HBV感染状态分析

目的分析核酸检测(NAT)单反应性无偿献血者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染状态。方法收集本实验室采用转录介导扩增技术(TMA)检出的NAT单反应性献血者标本,采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)进行HBV DNA重复检测,并进行乙肝五项检测,分析HBV感染状态。结果225份TMA NAT单反应性标本中,检出78份(34.67%)TMA NAT鉴别检测和/或PCR检测HBV DNA阳性标本,其中76份可确定HBV感染状态,2份感染状态不能确定。76份标本中,63份(82.89%)为隐匿性HBV感染(OBI),13份(17.11%)为HBV疑似窗口期感染(pWP)。63份OBI标本中,49份(77.78%)标本HBV DNA水平小于20IU/mL。13份pWP标本中,4份(30.77%)标本HBV DNA水平小于20IU/mL。225份标本分为NAT检测值S/CO1~6组、6~10组、10~17组,HBV DNA确认阳性率分别为13.11%、13.64%、47.18%,S/CO 10~17组阳性率高于S/CO1~6组和6~10组(P0.05)。OBI标本中,NAT检测值S/CO 1~6、6~10、10~17的标本分别占12.70%(8/63)、4.76%(3/63)、82.54%(52/63)。13份pWP标本NAT检测值S/CO为10~17。结论部分NAT单反应性无偿献血者为HBV感染者,OBI所占比例远大于pWP感染者,且HBV DNA浓度水平极低,存在经输血传播HBV的风险。屏蔽NAT单反应性献血者对预防经输血传播HBV具有重要意义。     

深圳献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒全基因序列系统进化树分析

目的了解深圳献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎B和C基因型及亚型的分布规律,研究不同毒株全基因序列进化关系。方法对30例HBsAg(-)/HBV DNA(+)标本进行基本核心启动子/前C区(BCP/PC,295 bp)、HBV全基因(3 162 bp)巢式PCR扩增,PCR产物克隆后测序。2者均为阳性的5份标本合成3 215 bp长的全基因序列,与GenBank中已发表的HBV A～H基因型23株的全序列进行系统进化树分析确定基因型,将所属基因型B和C亚型再作系统进化树分析,以确定基因亚型。结果获得5例全基因序列,4例为C型,1例为B型。分属于C2,C2,C2,C1和B2亚型。3例C2亚型与日本、马来西亚基因亚型的进化距离最近,C1株与马来西亚和泰国2例携带者的病毒株进化距离最近。B2株与印度尼西亚华裔基因亚型的病毒株进化距离最近。结论深圳献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎感染病毒基因亚型有C2,C1,B2,以C2亚型为主。     

献血者HBV DNA存在的确认与S蛋白变异特征分析

目的对HBsAg阴性和阳性献血者血样HBV DNA存在的确认并分析隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒S区变异特征。方法使用EIA/NAT方法筛查深圳地区19 397份无偿献血者血样,把109例乙肝不合格样品分成3类(HBs Ag+/NAT+、HBs Ag+/NAT-、HBs Ag-/NAT+),通过跟踪检测,确认为OBI毒株10例、HBV窗口期感染期3例和5例缺失追踪的HBs Ag-/HBV DNA+样品,采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(QPCR)测定HBV病毒载量,应用NestedPCR技术扩增S基因片段并测定序列,与B/C基因型HBs Ag+/HBV DNA+阳性野毒株序列比对。结果深圳市无偿献血者经乙肝表面抗原胶体金快速试纸筛查后的HBs Ag阳性检出率为0.34%(66/19 397);隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(OBI)的流行率范围为1∶1 939-1∶1 293,HBV窗口期感染流行率范围为1∶6 465-1∶2 424;10例OBI样品其病毒载量介于不能定量至112.0 IU/m L(中位数98.5 IU/m L)。10例OBI样本在S蛋白区(nt215-710)出现随机变异,OBI样品S区氨基酸置换率显著高于野毒株(P0.000 1),有4、2、3个OBI样品分别在CTL表位21-29、86-96、172-180出现L21S(2)、K/R24E(1)、I25M(1)、L88P(2)、S172F/L(2)、V178T(1)变异;OBI非CTL表位免疫区的氨基酸置换率亦显著高于野毒株(P0.05);其中1个OBI样品在nt636发生缺失变异。结论深圳献血者OBI流行率有增高趋势,OBI发生机制与乙型肝炎病毒的S蛋白区变异,特别是免疫活性区的变异密切相关。     

Hepatitis B virus DNA in blood donors with anti-HBc as a possible indicator of active hepatitis B virus infection in Yucatan, Mexico

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) may be present in serum even when negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). If routine screening of sera for anti-HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) is not done, low-level HBV viraemia may not be identified. A study was done on the presence of HBV DNA in serum samples from Mexican blood donors negative for HBsAg. Sera from 158 volunteer blood donors, negative for HBsAg and anti-HBs, but positive for anti-HBc, were analysed using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HBV DNA was detected in sera from 13 (8.23%) of the 158. Specificity of the PCR-amplified products was corroborated using Southern blot. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis showed identical SSCP-banding patterns for all 13 PCR products, suggesting similar cDNA sequences. Occult HBV infection was observed in approximately 8% of anti-HBc only donors. The absence of HBsAg in the blood of apparently healthy individuals may not be sufficient to ensure lack of circulating HBV, and blood containing anti-HBc only may be infectious until proven otherwise.     

青岛地区无偿献血者乙型肝炎病毒感染血清学和病毒特征分析

目的 分析青岛地区无偿献血者乙型肝炎病毒感染的血清学及病毒学特征.方法 采用常规的血清学试验和核酸扩增技术对本地区315 520份无偿献血者标本进行联合筛查,对HBsAg-/HBV DNA+标本进行高精度病毒载量检测和补充乙肝5项检测,采用PCR直接测序法获得标本中HBsAg编码基因即S基因序列,分析病毒基因型别及氨基...     

Risk factors for chronic hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors in Bangalore,India

Objectives and Aim: We performed a study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) risk factors among blood donors in Bangalore, India. Background: HBV infection is prevalent in India and poses a potential risk of transmission by blood transfusion, but studies of risk factors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage among Indian blood donors are lacking. Methods/Materials: Using a case‐cohort design, we enrolled 71 cases with repeatedly reactive HBsAg results and a cohort of 212 contemporaneous blood donors with unknown HBsAg status. Questionnaire data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: In our multivariate analysis controlling for age, HBsAg positivity was associated with repeat donor status (OR = 0·34, 95% CI 0·17–0·71 vs first‐time donor status), residence outside Bangalore and Hosur (rural areas) (OR = 15·66, 95% CI 3·60–68·07vs Bangalore residence), having been a customer at a local barber shop (OR = 4·07, 95% CI 2·06–8·03), close contact with a person who had jaundice (OR = 13·64, 95% CI 3·71–50·24) and cigarette smoking (OR = 3·25, 95% CI 1·39–7·60). Conclusion: In addition to recognised demographic risk factors, associations with patronage of local barbers and contact with jaundiced individuals suggest behavioural risk factors that could be adopted as exclusionary criteria for blood donation in India.     

Feasibility and usefulness of an efficient anti-HBc screening programme in blood donors

SUMMARY. Post-transfusion hepatitis B remains a risk for recipients of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screened blood. Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) screening may help reduce this risk. To evaluate its usefulness, 9,238 East Anglian blood donors were screened for anti-HBc. Those with isolated anti-HBc were identified with two confirmatory anti-HBc and anti-HB surface antibody (anti-HBs) assays. The prevalence of anti-HBc reactions in screening and confirmatory assays was 1.29% and 0.35%, respectively. The level of reactivity was significantly higher when two anti-HBc assays gave concordant results or, being concordant, were anti-HBs positive. All isolated anti-HBc-positive units (0.04%) were negative for additional HBV markers including DNA tested with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
A 0.31% prevalence of past HBV infection was found in this population, all carrying both anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibody, most above the protective level (0.IU/ml).
The proposed screening schemes would limit the number of deferred donors and discarded units and keep the testing time within the remit of routine blood banking practices for an additional cost of approximately £1 per unit. However, no evidence was found in this donor population to suggest that anti-HBc screening would significantly reduce the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis B.     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原阴性271例隐匿性感染的研究

目的了解在乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阴性人群中隐匿性感染情况。方法采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测271例重庆黔江区HBsAg阴性住院患者血清中HBV-DNA含量。结果271例HBsAg阴性人群血清HBV—DNA阳性率为10．7％，HBV-DNA含量均低于10^3 copy／mL。HBV—DNA检出率与性别、年龄无关。在HBV-DNA阳性人群中抗-HBc抗体出现率较高，抗-HBs阳性或乙型肝炎病毒标志物全阴性也可检出HBV-DNA。结论血清HBsAg阴性者存在一定比例的隐匿性感染，对不明原因的肝损害、输血、器官移植等应结合灵敏度高的HBV-DNA检测结果再作判断。