高通量透析联合左卡尼汀对维持性血透患者微炎症及动静脉内瘘的影响

目的:评价高通量透析联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者微炎症状态和动静脉内瘘的影响.方法:将69例MHD患者随机分为实验组(联合使用高通量透析及左卡尼汀)和对照组(低通量透析组),治疗6个月,观察两组患者微炎症状态和内瘘相关指标的变化.结果:治疗6个月后,实验组...     

左卡尼汀对血液透析患者肾性贫血和左心功能的影响

目的观察左卡尼汀联合人重组促红细胞生成素（〉HuEPO）对维持性血液透析（MHD）患者肾性贫血、左心功能的影响。方法将78例MHD患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组39例。治疗组于每次血液透析结束时静脉注射左卡尼汀1.0g;对照组每次血液透析结束时静脉注射生理盐水5ml。疗程均为6个月。2组同时于血液透析后皮下注射r-HuEPO（每周75-150U／kg）。观察2组治疗前后的临床症状、体征相关的实验室检查以及超声心动图的变化。结果治疗组治疗后3个月患者血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（Hct）、血清白蛋白（Alb）、前白蛋白（PA）水平显著高于治疗前及同期对照组（P〈0.01）,〉HuEPO用量减少,且患者精神状态、体力、食欲、恶心、呕吐、透析耐受性、透析中肌痉挛、心律失常或低血压等症状明显改善,治疗后6个月患者左心功能较治疗前及同期对照组明显改善（P〈0.01）。结论左卡尼汀联合r-HuEPO可以明显改善尿毒症血液透析患者肾陛贫血和左心功能。     

左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者心功能不全的影响

目的:观察左卡尼汀治疗维持性血液透析患者心功能不全的疗效.方法:将80例合并不同程度心功能不全的维特性血液透析患者随机分为两组,治疗组与对照组分别为40例与40例,对照组给予血液透析、纠正贫血及降压、补钙治疗;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上,同时每次透析结束后左卡尼汀1.0 g,治疗6月.观察患者治疗前和治疗后血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血压情况,定期心脏彩超测定心脏指数(CI)、左宣射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVDs)、心缩力指数(HI)、每搏输出量(SV)、每分输出量(CO).结果:治疗组治疗后血红蛋白、红细胞压积、心肌收缩力增强,心功能指数较治疗前压对照组均明显改善(P<0.01).治疗组比对照组的血压升高率明显降低(P<0.05).结论:左卡尼汀可以显著改善维持性透析患者的心功能.     

高通量血液透析联合左卡尼汀对尿毒症心肌病的临床研究

目的 高通量血液透析联合左卡尼汀对尿毒症心肌病的影响.方法 选取81例于本院门诊和住院部透析的患者,随机分成两组:实验组41例,对照组40例,所有患者均每周3次血液透析,每次4h,实验组自2012年10月开始接受高通量血液透析联合左卡尼汀治疗,对照组进行单纯的高通量血液透析治疗,两组患者都观察8个月.治疗前后检测血红蛋白、血细胞比容,做常规超声心动图,观察左心室舒张期末内径(LVIDd)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVIDs)、室间隔舒张期末期厚度(IVSd)、左室心肌质量(LVM)、左室心肌质量指数(LVMI)、左室后壁厚度(PWTH)、射血分数(EF)、左心室的舒张功能(EPSS)等.结果 治疗8个月后,实验组患者的血红蛋白、血细胞比容与对照组比较明显升高(P＜0.05),超声心动图EF值明显升高,LVIDd、LVIDs、IVSd、PWTH、LVM、LVMI明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高通量血液透析联合左卡尼汀在改善尿毒症心肌病患者心肌重构及心功能方面有较好的疗效.     

左卡尼汀对高原地区维持性血液透析患者营养状况的影响观察

维持性血液透析（MHD）患者补充外源性左卡尼汀是改善营养状态的一种有效治疗方法。据国内相关文献报道[1,2]补充外源性左卡尼汀可改善维持性血液透析患者营养状态。然而这些研究均没有对处于高海拔地区MHD患者进行相关研究。为探讨高原地区MHD患者补充外源性左卡尼汀的营养状况的影响,     

多巴丝肼治疗维持性血液透析不宁腿综合征患者的疗效观察

目的研究多巴丝肼在维持性血液透析(MHD)不宁腿综合征(RLS)患者治疗中的临床疗效。方法选择2013年1月至2016年12月于常熟市第二人民医院接受MHD治疗的尿毒症RLS患者76例,将76例RLS患者分为多巴丝肼组和对照组各38例。对照组在基本治疗基础上给予左卡尼汀治疗,多巴丝肼组在对照组基础上给予多巴丝肼治疗,观察两组治疗前、治疗第2周、4周、12周后RLS严重程度评定量表(IRLSSG)评分、睡眠质量评分、夜间周期性肢动情况、微觉醒情况及不良反应。结果治疗第2、4、12周后,两组IRLSSG评分、睡眠质量评分逐渐降低,与治疗前比较差异均存在统计学意义(均P 0. 05);多巴丝肼组IRLSSG评分、睡眠质量评分低于对照组,差异均存在统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。治疗第2、4、12周后,两组夜间周期性肢动次数及夜间微觉醒次数逐渐减少,与治疗前比较差异均存在统计学意义(均P 0. 05);多巴丝肼组夜间周期性肢动次数及夜间微觉醒次数少于对照组,差异均存在统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。多巴丝肼组不良反应发生率(5. 26%)与对照组(10. 53%)比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论多巴丝肼可有效缓解MHD治疗的尿毒症RLS患者临床症状,提高睡眠质量,安全可靠。     

左卡尼汀联合重组人促红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血的临床观察

目的:观察左卡尼汀联合重组人促红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血的疗效.方法:将70例尿毒症维持性血液透析患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,两组患者均于血液透析后静脉注射重组人促红细胞生成素,同时治疗组每次血液透析后静脉注射左卡尼汀100mg/次,疗程3个月.结果:治疗组的血红蛋白(Hb)、血红细胞比容水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).治疗组于治疗后第3个月促红细胞生成素用量较治疗前明显减少,而对照组促红细胞生成素用量无明显改变.结论:左卡尼汀能减少促红细胞生成素的用量,提高其疗效,纠正肾性贫血.     

血液透析前补充左卡尼汀对改善终末期尿毒症患者透析耐受性的影响

目的 探讨不同时段静脉补充左卡尼汀对终末期维持性血液透析患者透析过程中发生低血压、肌肉痉挛及透析患者耐受性的影响和血浆游离肉碱浓度变化.方法 选择终末期维持性血液透析患者30例,按照数字表法随机分为3组:A组为对照组(透析结束后给予左卡尼汀1.0g加入0.9％氯化钠20ml静脉注射)10例,B组(透析前给予左卡尼汀1.0g加入0.9％氯化钠20ml静脉注射,透析结束后左卡尼汀1.0g加入0.9％氯化钠20ml静脉注射)10例,C组(透析开始2h后给予左卡尼汀1.0g加入0.9％氯化钠20ml静脉注射,透析结束后给予左卡尼汀1.0g加入0.9％氯化钠20ml静脉注射)10例.观察各组用药前、用药4周、8周及12周后各项指标的变化、血浆肉碱浓度和血液透析充分性.结果 B、C两组患者较对照组临床症状及分级显著好转,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);游离血浆肉碱浓度较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);患者透析的耐受力和尿素氮清除效率(Kt/V)明显好转,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在透析前或透析中给予左卡尼汀即刻补充剂量能降低患者发生透析不良反应的风险,增加患者的透析耐受力,提高患者透析的充分性.     

左卡尼汀对腹膜透析贫血患者贫血指标及Hepcidin的影响

目的：观察左卡尼汀对腹膜透析贫血患者Hepcidin及其他相关指标的影响.方法：将60例腹膜透析患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各30例,对照组给予促红细胞生成素、铁剂、叶酸、维生素B12等常规治疗,实验组在对照组的基础上给予左卡尼汀治疗,在试验后第4、8周观察两组的Hepcidin、血红蛋白（Hb）、血清铁蛋白（SF）、血细胞比容（Hct）,并比较两组使用促红细胞生成素（EPO）的用量.结果：在实验第1天两组患者各观察指标差异无统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但在第4、8周,实验组的Hepcidin低于对照组（P〈0.05）,实验组Hb、SF、Hct高于对照组（P〈0.05）,EPO每周用量实验组低于对照组（P〈0.05）.结论：对腹膜透析贫血患者在常规治疗的基础上,加用左卡尼汀治疗,可以提高治疗效果,降低EPO的使用量,降低Hepcidin值,从一个侧面说明左卡尼汀有助于维持铁稳态.     

左卡尼汀与清开灵注射液联用治疗急性病毒性心肌炎临床观察

目的探讨左卡尼汀联合清开灵注射液治疗急性病毒性心肌炎的临床效果。方法将急性病毒性心肌炎患者98例随机分为观察组与对照组,治疗组50例,应用左卡尼汀和清开灵,对照组48例,给予能量合剂和病毒唑,比较两组的疗效。结果治疗组临床表现、心电图、心肌标志物治疗后的改善与对照组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论左卡尼汀联合清开灵注射液治疗急性病毒性心肌炎疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

左卡尼汀对血液透析患者微炎症及营养状况的影响

目的探讨左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者微炎症及营养状况的影响。方法选择62例维持性血液透析患者，随机分为左卡尼汀组和对照组，检测二组患者治疗前、治疗后血C反应蛋白（CRP）、血红蛋白（Hb）、白蛋白（Alb）和血肌酐（SCr）值，计算Kt／V值。结果与治疗前及对照组治疗后比较，左卡尼汀组患者治疗后CRP水平下降，Alb、Hb升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；对照组患者治疗前后CRP、Alb、Hb无统计学差异（P〉0.05）；二组患者治疗前后SCr、Kt/V值均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论左卡尼汀可减轻维持性血液透析患者微炎症反应，改善患者营养状态。     

L-carnitine infusions may suppress serum C-reactive protein and improve nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Scattered reports indicate that L-carnitine may suppress proinflammatory cytokines in sick individuals without renal disease and may improve protein synthesis or nitrogen balance either in patients without renal disease or in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) or chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. We conducted an experimental study in MHD patients to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine treatment on inflammatory and protein-energy nutritional status. MHD patients were assigned to receive intravenous injections of L-carnitine 20 mg/kg (n = 48) or placebo (n = 65) thrice weekly at the end of each hemodialysis treatment for 6 months. The carnitine-treated group showed a statistically significant decrease in serum C-reactive protein and increase in serum albumin and transferrin, blood hemoglobin, and body mass index. Conversely, in the placebo-treated group, a significant decrease was reported for serum albumin, serum transferrin, and body mass index, whereas the other considered measures did not change significantly. These preliminary findings suggest that in MHD patients, L-carnitine therapy may suppress inflammation, particularly among those patients with C-reactive protein > or =3 mg/dL, and may improve protein-energy nutritional status.     

High dose of L-carnitine increases platelet aggregation and plasma triglyceride levels in uremic patients on hemodialysis

Uremic patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis demonstrate a secondary systemic carnitine deficiency. We studied the effect of carnitine replacement with high doses (L-carnitine, 3 g/day) similar to those used in the treatment of primary systemic carnitine deficiency. 10 uremic patients on hemodialysis were randomly selected into a control group (4 patients) treated by placebo and a treatment group (6 patients) treated by L-carnitine. Plasma lipoprotein concentration and composition as well as platelet aggregation were studied before and after treatment. Following carnitine administration, a paradoxical rise in plasma triglyceride concentration from 180 +/- 66 to 219 +/- 88 mg% (p less than 0.05) was noted. No other significant changes in lipoprotein concentration and composition or in plasma apoprotein A-I and B concentration were observed. Carnitine treatment caused a significant rise in platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine, ADP, and thrombin. These findings suggest a harmful effect of L-carnitine replacement therapy when given in high doses, causing aggravation of uremic hypertriglyceridemia and increased platelet aggregation in patients predisposed to thromboembolic phenomena.     

Role of carnitine in modulating acute-phase protein synthesis in hemodialysis patients.

Increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in uremic and dialysis patients are associated with low serum prealbumin and albumin concentrations and increased mortality and greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Proinflammatory cytokines may cause malnutrition by increasing protein catabolism. Many studies have shown that L-carnitine supplementation leads to improvements in several conditions seen in uremic patients, including cardiac complications, impaired exercise and functional capacities, muscle symptoms, increased symptomatic intradialytic hypotension, and erythropoietin-resistant anemia. L-carnitine therapy may either suppress the inflammatory response or act independently on both inflammation and appetite and/or anabolic processes. Moreover, L-carnitine may suppress proinflammatory cytokines in sick individuals without renal disease and may improve protein synthesis or nitrogen balance in patients without renal disease and in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. In a pilot study, we provided preliminary evidence that treatment with L-carnitine, 20 mg/kg 3 times weekly at the end of each hemodialysis treatment, was associated with a reduction in serum CRP levels and improvement in anabolic status. The improvement or normalization of serum concentrations of serum CRP also was correlated with increased serum concentrations of albumin, transferrin, and blood hemoglobin. The possibility that some or all of these changes may have been caused by improved nutritional intake cannot be ruled out. Further randomized clinical trials will be necessary to confirm the role of L-carnitine as a modulator of inflammatory protein synthesis in hemodialysis patients.     

左卡尼汀及饮食干预对维持性血液透析患者营养不良的影响

目的探讨左卡尼汀及饮食干预对维持性血液透析患者营养状态的疗效。方法选择维持性血液透析营养不良患者30例,随机分对照组（A组）、饮食干预组（B组）和左卡尼汀组（c组）,每组10例;均给予每周3次血液透析治疗,B、C组患者给予饮食干预,C组每次血液透析后静脉注射左卡尼汀,连续观察12周,比如治疗前后体质量指数（BMI）、血总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（Alb）、前白蛋白（PA）、血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、总胆固醇（Tc）及甘油三酯（TG）的变化。结果A组各项指标治疗前后无显著差异（P〉0．05）;B组BMI、TP、Alb、PA、SCr、BUN、TC及TG在治疗前后有统计学差异（P〈0．05）;C组BMI、TP、Alb、PA、SCr及BUN治疗前后有统计学差异（P〈0．05）;C组BMI、TP、Alb、PA、SCr及BUN较B组升高更明显（P〈0．05）。结论通过充分的血液透析、饮食干预及左卡尼汀治疗能显著改善维持性血液透析患者的营养状态。     

L-carnitine and platelet aggregation in uremic patients subjected to hemodialysis

It has been reported that treatment with L-carnitine at a daily dose of 3 g orally may cause a rise in platelet aggregation and serum triglyceride concentration in hemodialyzed patients. The present double-blind cross-over study has been performed to evaluate the influence of L-carnitine when compared with placebo on platelet aggregation and plasma concentrations of various factors involved in platelet activation. In addition, the concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol has been evaluated. 18 uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis for at least 1 year were randomly allocated either to a control group receiving placebo or to a group treated with L-carnitine. Statistical analysis performed by means of ANOVA did not show any significant change in the serum concentration of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Furthermore, platelet aggregation tests (performed with adenosine 5'-diphosphate, epinephrine, thrombin and collagen) and plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration did not show any statistically significant difference. In addition, the plasma concentration of several coagulation markers, such as factor VIIIc, antithrombin III, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and fibrinopeptide A, did not show any significant variation. The results suggest that under our experimental conditions L-carnitine neither increases the risk of thromboembolism nor alters the serum lipid content in uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis.     

左卡尼汀改善血液透析患者生存质量的研究

目的 探讨左旋卡尼汀对血液透析患者生存质量的改善作用.方法 采用随机、对照的研究方法 ,选择本院血透室透析一年以上的维持性血液透析患者60例,将患者随机分为观察组33例和对照组27例,并给观察组每次透析后静脉注射左卡尼汀1g,两组患者其余治疗方案相同.观察过程共12周.结果 治疗后观察组患者的主观症状明显改善(P<0.05);营养状态明显优于对照组(P<0.05);其血 C反应蛋白、磷酸肌酸激酶等指标的水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05).而治疗前两组患者的相关指标无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 长期使用左卡尼汀能改善血液透析患者的生存质量.     

L-谷氨酰胺和左旋肉碱改善维持性血液透析患者营养状况的多中心、随机临床研究

目的：观察L-谷氨酰胺和左旋肉碱（L-肉碱）在维持性血液透析（maintain hemodialysis,MHD）患者营养不良治疗中的作用。方法：采用多中心、随机的方法将78例MHD患者随机分成A组、B组、C组,3组患者均皮下注射重组人促红细胞生成素（erythropoietinin,EPO）6000U,2次/周;A组每次血液透析结束时静脉注射L-肉碱2g,3次/周;B组每日口服L-谷氨酰胺胶囊1.5g（分3次口服）;C组联合使用L-肉碱和L-谷氨酰胺,用法不变。观察时间3个月。结果：C组患者血细胞比容（haematocrit,HCT）、血红蛋白（haemoglobin,Hb）、血浆总蛋白（plasma total protein,Tp）、血浆白蛋白（serum albumin,Alb）上升幅度明显高于A组和B组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,C组血C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）水平明显低于A组和B组（P〈0.01）,免疫球蛋白（IgA、IgG、IgM）水平明显高于A组及B组（P〈0.01）。结论：MHD患者联合使用L-谷氨酰胺和L-肉碱可显著改善患者的营养状况及免疫功能;减轻体内微炎症反应;改善对EPO的敏感性,减少用量,提高疗效;安全性较好。