儿童新甲型流感疫苗远期特异性CD8+记忆T 细胞的表型特征

目的:探讨儿童新甲型(H1N1)流感疫苗接种后远期外周血疫苗特异性CD8~+记忆T细胞的特征。方法:选择31例于2009年12月~2010年1月接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的3~6岁儿童,抽取外周静脉血5 ml,分离淋巴细胞加入甲型H1N1流感疫苗进行培养,并设对照组,用流式细胞仪检测细胞表面分子的表达,同时以CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,计算细胞增殖指数。结果:外周血PBMC中CD8~+T细胞在实验组和对照组分别是13.41%与9.41%,P0.05。CD8~+初始T细胞在两组的比例均高达80%上;CD8~+记忆T细胞在两组占17%~19%;记忆T细胞分中央型和效应型记忆T细胞,两个亚群检测结果:CCR7和CD62L单阳性记忆T细胞亚群在实验组占比明显低于对照组的占比,P0.05。应用CCK-8法检测疫苗刺激后抗原特异性增殖,检测结果见细胞增殖指数大于0.8的仅为51.16%,大于1.0在本研究中没有。结论:31例儿童外周血PBMC中CD8~+T细胞占比少,初始T细胞CD45R+均较高,具有抗原再刺激后再应答的基础;甲型H1N1流感疫苗可以诱导抗原特异性记忆CD8~+T细胞的产生,但数量不多,其中大多数为中央型记忆CD8~+T细胞;细胞增殖指数结果表明疫苗特异性细胞增殖不佳;提示对该疫苗的远期疫苗特异性CD8~+T细胞免疫记忆不理想。     

T淋巴细胞在甲型H1N1流感病毒感染中的变化及意义

目的 研究甲型H1N1流行性感冒(流感)患者外周血T淋巴细胞及其激活亚群的变化.方法 用流式细胞仪检测144例甲型HlNl流感患者和41例健康体检者淋巴细胞亚群,对其中83例患者进一步分析治疗前后T淋巴细胞及其激活亚群(HLA-DR+CD3+、HLA-DR+CD4+和HLA-DR+CD8+细胞).结果 ①与对照组相比,H1N1并发肺炎组和H1N1组淋巴细胞数明显低于对照组,H1N1并发肺炎组淋巴细胞数明显低于H1N1组;H1N1并发肺炎组T淋巴细胞百分比明显低于对照组(P<0.05).②治疗前后CD3、CD8细胞百分比和绝对数均差异有统计学意义,治疗前显著降低,CD4细胞数治疗前显著降低.③治疗前后T淋巴细胞激活亚群(HLA-DR+CD3+、HLA-DR+CD4+和HLA-DR+CD8+细胞)百分比差异有统计学意义,治疗前显著降低.结论 测定甲型H1N1流感患者外周血T淋巴细胞及其激活亚群的变化有助于评价甲型H1N1流感患者感染早期的细胞免疫状况,可以作为甲型H1N1流感早期诊断的辅助指标.     

T淋巴细胞在甲型H1N1流感病毒感染中的变化及意义

目的 研究甲型H1N1流行性感冒(流感)患者外周血T淋巴细胞及其激活亚群的变化.方法 用流式细胞仪检测144例甲型HlNl流感患者和41例健康体检者淋巴细胞亚群,对其中83例患者进一步分析治疗前后T淋巴细胞及其激活亚群(HLA-DR+CD3+、HLA-DR+CD4+和HLA-DR+CD8+细胞).结果 ①与对照组相比,H1N1并发肺炎组和H1N1组淋巴细胞数明显低于对照组,H1N1并发肺炎组淋巴细胞数明显低于H1N1组;H1N1并发肺炎组T淋巴细胞百分比明显低于对照组(P<0.05).②治疗前后CD3、CD8细胞百分比和绝对数均差异有统计学意义,治疗前显著降低,CD4细胞数治疗前显著降低.③治疗前后T淋巴细胞激活亚群(HLA-DR+CD3+、HLA-DR+CD4+和HLA-DR+CD8+细胞)百分比差异有统计学意义,治疗前显著降低.结论 测定甲型H1N1流感患者外周血T淋巴细胞及其激活亚群的变化有助于评价甲型H1N1流感患者感染早期的细胞免疫状况,可以作为甲型H1N1流感早期诊断的辅助指标.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒疫苗接种人群的血清抗体分析

目的:了解接种甲型H1N1流行性感冒(流感)疫苗后,人群中血清抗体的变化情况,为甲型H1N1流感疫苗的接种提供依据。方法:随机采集不同年龄已接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗人群的血清,采用血凝抑制实验检测血清中甲型H1N1流感抗体的血凝抑制滴度(HI滴度),HI滴度≥1∶40判定为阳性,同时调查采样对象的甲型H1N1流感疫苗与季节性流感疫苗的接种史。结果:甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率为57.4%(402份/700份),抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)为1∶35.6;甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率与GMT较高的是10～30岁组人群,较低的是60岁以上的人群;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后30～90天,GMT水平达到高峰(1∶56);随着季节性流感疫苗接种次数的增多,人群血清中甲型H1N1流感抗体的阳性率与GMT值反而降低。结论:青少年与成人接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的免疫效果比儿童和老年人的好;甲型H1N1流感疫苗对人群的保护作用能持续90天左右;甲型H1N1流感抗体在0～10岁组,10～30岁组人群中持续的时间比30～60岁,>60岁组人群长;多次接种季节性流感疫苗可能会影响甲型H1N1流感抗体的产生。建议对儿童和老年人开展双倍剂量甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种;甲型H1N1流感疫苗的接种时间最好在流行期前1～3月内,并且应每年接种一次。     

T淋巴细胞在甲型H1N1流感病毒感染中的变化及意义

目的 研究甲型H1N1流行性感冒（流感）患者外周血T淋巴细胞及其激活亚群的变化.方法 用流式细胞仪检测144例甲型HlNl流感患者和41例健康体检者淋巴细胞亚群,对其中83例患者进一步分析治疗前后T淋巴细胞及其激活亚群（HLA-DR＋CD3＋、HLA-DR＋CD4＋和HLA-DR＋CD8＋细胞）.结果 ①与对照组相比,H1N1并发肺炎组和H1N1组淋巴细胞数明显低于对照组,H1N1并发肺炎组淋巴细胞数明显低于H1N1组;H1N1并发肺炎组T淋巴细胞百分比明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）.②治疗前后CD3、CD8细胞百分比和绝对数均差异有统计学意义,治疗前显著降低,CD4细胞数治疗前显著降低.③治疗前后T淋巴细胞激活亚群（HLA-DR＋CD3＋、HLA-DR＋CD4＋和HLA-DR＋CD8＋细胞）百分比差异有统计学意义,治疗前显著降低.结论 测定甲型H1N1流感患者外周血T淋巴细胞及其激活亚群的变化有助于评价甲型H1N1流感患者感染早期的细胞免疫状况,可以作为甲型H1N1流感早期诊断的辅助指标.     

人初始和记忆CD4+T细胞信使RNA基因芯片检测结果分析

目的探讨健康成人外周血初始和记忆CD4~+T细胞静息状态下表面分子、趋化因子受体、细胞因子和转录因子mRNA表达的差异。方法抽取健康成年人外周血,分离PBMC,染色后流式分选出CD45RO-的初始和CD45RO+的记忆CD4~+T细胞,裂解细胞,进行mRNA表达谱芯片检测。结果相比初始T细胞,静息状态下记忆CD4~+T细胞表达高水平的表面分子CTLA-4、PD-1、FAS、CD25,趋化因子受体CCR4、CCR6、CXCR3、CXCR5,细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-17和转录因子T-bet、EOMES、STAT4、GATA3和RORγt,并表达低水平的表面分子CD62L、CCR7、ICAM-I、CD40L,细胞因子IL-1β和转录因子NF-κB。结论静息状态下,与初始CD4~+T细胞相比,记忆CD4~+T细胞高表达某些活化分子、细胞因子、转录因子mRNA,可能是记忆CD4~+T细胞发生快速免疫应答的关键因素。     

利用多种表面标志鉴别正常人外周血初始和记忆T细胞亚群

目的探索能够准确鉴别初始和记忆T细胞亚群的表面标志及其关联性。方法自正常人静脉血中分离PBMCs，同时加入9种不同标记的抗体，进行染色，利用流式细胞仪检测，并分析结果。结果CD45RA^＋CD4^＋T细胞均表达CD27、CCR7、CD28和CD62L，而在CD45BA^-CD4^＋T细胞中，约有75％的细胞表达CD27，30％为CCR5^＋，90％为CCR7^＋，99％为CD28^＋，70％为CD62L^＋。与其相一致的是在CD62L^＋CD4^＋T细胞中，大约60％的细胞为CD45RA^＋，但CD62L^-CD4^＋T细胞中，大约95％的细胞为CD45RA^-。在CD8^＋T细胞中，大约有78％的细胞为CD45RA^＋，其余为CD45RA^-。CD45BA^＋CD8^＋T细胞的表型与CD45BA^＋CD4^＋T细胞基本相似。结论同时检测多种T细胞表面标志，深入了解T细胞各亚群的表型特征，对疾病的诊断、治疗、预后判断以及疫苗的设计和效果评价具有重要的指导意义。     

人肠道正常粘膜组织与外周血中记忆性IL-22~+T淋巴细胞频率及表型的比较

目的比较人肠道正常粘膜组织与外周血中IL-22+T淋巴细胞的频率及其表型特征。方法分离人肠道正常粘膜与外周血中单个核细胞,anti-CD3+anti-CD28刺激后,采用流式细胞术(FACS)检测IL-22的产生及其与IFN-γ、IL-17的关系,分析IL-22+T淋巴细胞CD45RO,CD62L,CCR7,CCR6,CCR10,CCR4等表面分子的表达。结果与anti-CD3+anti-CD28刺激外周血中CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞产生少量的IL-22(0.6%;0.57%)相比,肠道粘膜CD4+T细胞产生大约3.15%的IL-22,CD8+T淋巴细胞产生4%左右的IL-22。此外,肠道粘膜CD4+和CD8+T细胞中存在一群产生IL-22并独立于Th1、Th17,Tc1、Tc17的细胞亚群。肠道粘膜IL-22+T细胞表达较高比例的CD45RO,其中部分细胞表达CCR7,而较少表达CD62L。进一步研究表明,肠道粘膜CD4+IL-22+和CD8+IL-22+T细胞表达较高水平的CCR10(55.3%;73.9%),部分细胞表达CCR6或CCR4。结论人肠道正常粘膜组织中IL-22主要由效应型或中央型记忆T细胞产生,部分IL-22+T细胞独立于Th1、Th17,Tc1、Tc17细胞亚群。     

正常人周围血初始和记忆T细胞亚群及细胞因子表达的探讨

目的：利用多色流式检测技术探讨初始和记忆T细胞亚群与细胞因子表达之间的关系。方法：自正常人静脉血中分离PBMC,经超抗原（SEB）刺激5h后,加入多种抗细胞表面标记和抗细胞因子抗体进行染色,利用流式细胞术检测,并利用Flow Jo软件分析结果。结果：根据CD45RO表达与否,将CD4^＋和CD8^＋T细胞分为初始和记忆T细胞,再根据归巢受体（CD62L）和趋化因子受体（CCR7）的表达与否,将初始和记忆T细胞进一步分为不同的亚群。当T细胞受到SEB激活后,CD45RO^＋和CD45RO^-的CD4^＋或CD8^＋T细胞均表达IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α。进一步分析结果表明,CD62L^hi和CD62L^hiCCR7^＋细胞不表达细胞因子,而CD62L^loCCR7^lo和CCR7^＋T细胞均表达细胞因子,其中CD62L^loCCR7^lo细胞表达细胞因子的阳性率明显高于CCR7^＋细胞亚群。结论：只利用CD45RO表达与否区分初始和记忆T细胞是不够准确的,同时检测CD62L的表达,可明显地提高其准确性。     

八色流式细胞术检测人外周血BCG特异性效应型记忆CD4+T细胞的表型特征

目的:检测BCG刺激后,PPD+正常人外周血中细胞因子产生及其亚群.方法:分离PPD+正常人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),BCG刺激后检测CD4+和CD8+T细胞细胞因子分泌,并用八色流式细胞术分析BCG特异性T细胞亚群.结果:BCG刺激PBMC后,主要是CD4+T细胞分泌Th1细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-2和TNF-α),而CD8+T细胞几乎不产生细胞因子.进一步分析分泌细胞因子的细胞亚群,主要是CD4+CD45RO+ CD62L(-)CD27(-)和CD4+ CD45RO+ CD62L(-)CD27+分泌细胞因子.结论:BCG刺激PPD+正常人外周血PBMC后,主要诱导CD4+T细胞分泌细胞因子,且该细胞表现出CD4+CD45RO+ CD62L(-)效应型记忆细胞特征,可能在预防结核感染中发挥重要作用.     

Stimulation of homo- and heterologic T-cell immunological memory in volunteers inoculated with live influenza A (H5N2) reassortant vaccine

The study deals with the ability of live attenuated reassortant influenza vaccine (LAIV) A (H5N2) to stimulate a CD4+ and CD8+ immunological memory T cell-mediated immune response in volunteers. These data were compared with the quantitative characteristics of a humoral immune response. A two-dose regimen of intranasal vaccination of avian influenza na?ve people with A (H5N2) LAIV induced the production of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ memory cells specific to both A (H5N2) and seasonal A (H1N1) influenza strains. Some of the volunteers were not absolutely A (H5N2) influenza virus na?ve since they had been found to have this virus-specific cross-reactive immunological memory T-cells in the prevaccination period. The content (%) of these cells varied significantly within the group. The quantitative values of postvaccination CD4+ and CD8+ memory cell accumulation were inversely related to their prevaccination level.     

Estimation of human and animal immunological memory by testing the trogocytosis of virus-specific T lymphocytes

This study is the first attempt to evaluate the immunogenicity of Russian live attenuated influenza reassortant influenza vaccine (LAIV), by using a modified T-cell recognition of antigen presenting cells by protein capture (TRAP) method. Single vaccination of 18-20-year-old volunteers with LAIV causes an increase in the peripheral blood levels of virus-specific memory CD4+ T lymphocytes. Some (40-60%) LAIV-vaccination volunteers respond to immunization by showing a significant elevation in the peripheral blood level of memory CD4+ T cells without a systemic humoral immune response recorded in the passive hemagglutination test. Vaccination of mice with live attenuated A (H1N1) influenza reassortant virus stimulates the production of memory CD8+CD44hi T lymphocytes in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, the entry of infection, so does influenza infection. Vaccination with inactivated A (H1N1) influenza virus practically fails to induce these cells. A (H1N1) influenza virus-specific CD8+CD44hi T lymphocytes remain within at least 2 months (observation time). The authors' modified TRAP may be used to evaluate virus-specific immunological T-cell memory after vaccination.     

Human CD8+ T cells specific for influenza A virus M1 display broad expression of maturation-associated phenotypic markers and chemokine receptors

To define the role of memory T cells in a non-persistent viral infection, we have delineated the phenotype of memory CD8+ T cells specific for influenza A virus (FluA; matrix protein M158-66) based on the expression of several memory/effector lineage markers and relevant chemokine receptors. We found a majority of FluA-specific CD8+ T cells expressed CD27 and CD28, and variably expressed CD45RA, CD62L, CD94 and granzyme A. A majority of FluA-specific CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of CXCR3, and moderate levels of CCR5 and CXCR4, whereas a limited proportion expressed CCR7, CCR6 and CXCR5. A phenotypic profile based on these observations showed that there are both immature and mature memory CD8+ T cells specific for FluA.     

禽流感H5N1亚型病毒感染BALB/c小鼠的免疫应答

目的 研究禽流感H5N1病毒感染BALB/c小鼠后对宿主细胞免疫功能和细胞因子水平变化的影响,探讨禽流感H5N1病毒感染哺乳动物的免疫发病机制.方法 选用鹅源禽流感H5N1病毒感染BALB/c小鼠,采用流式细胞仪检测血液和脾脏T淋巴细胞及其亚群的变化,采用ELISA检测血液中细胞岗子(IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-18、IL-10、IL-2)及禽流感H5N1病毒特异性抗体的变化.结果 禽流感H5N1病毒感染可引起对宿主短暂的、可恢复的细胞免疫功能损伤:血液CD3+、CD4+、CD8+ T淋巴细胞数量于染毒后第2～4天下降(第4天为最低值),脾脏T淋巴细胞数最于染毒后第5～8天下降(第6天为最低值),然后均逐渐恢复到正常水平.染毒后血液细胞因子变化表现为:血清IFN-γ、TNF-α水平下降,IL-4、IL-18、IL-10水平上升,IL-2水平无明显变化.从感染第7天开始检测H5N1禽流感特异性抗体为阳性,抗体水平逐渐升高至实验结束的感染第14天.结论 H5N1禽流感病毒感染可引起宿主T细胞免疫功能低下是其主要的免疫病理改变之一,细胞因子表达失平衡或过多的表达都可能对宿主产生免疫病理损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To study the cell immunity and eytokines responses to avian influenza A H5N1 virus infections in a BALB/c model to better understand the pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza disease. Methods Two hundred and twenty BALB/c mice of the infected group were inoculated with 0.1 ml (10-4.875 TCID50) of A/Goose/Guangdong/NH/2003 ( H5N1 ) virus intra-nasally. Fifty control mice received noninfectious allantoic fluid and another fifty control mice received normal sodium. Blood and spleen samples were collected from the live mice every 24 h during the 14 d post-infection. The changes of CD3 + T cells , CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells for cell immunity in blood circulation and spleen were detected by flow cytometry. And the cytokines and antibody responses in blood circulation were detected by ELISA. Necropsy was performed on mice that died during the experiment and those euthanized at end of study. Results Avian influenza A( H5N1) virus infections can make damages to the cell immune system transiently. The CD3 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, CDS + T cells declined at 24 days post infection in blood circulation and declined at 5-8 days in spleen, then recovered to the normal level gradually. The eytokines responses to the infections can be detected: the level of IFN-γ,TNF-α declined, IL-4, IL-18, IL-10 increased, and IL-2 changed little. The antibody increased rapidly from day 7 post infection until the end of the study (day 14 post infection). Conclusion Collectively, avian influenza A(H5N1) virus can cause cell immunity deficiency and an imbalance in the level of eytokines, which may contribute to the unusual severity of disease caused by the H5N1 avian influenza virus.     

Predominance of heterosubtypic IFN‐γ‐only‐secreting effector memory T cells in pandemic H1N1 naive adults

The 2009/10 pandemic (pH1N1) highlighted the need for vaccines conferring heterosubtypic immunity against antigenically shifted influenza strains. Although cross‐reactive T cells are strong candidates for mediating heterosubtypic immunity, little is known about the population‐level prevalence, frequency, and cytokine‐secretion profile of heterosubtypic T cells to pH1N1. To assess this, pH1N1 sero‐negative adults were recruited. Single‐cell IFN‐γ and IL‐2 cytokine‐secretion profiles to internal proteins of pH1N1 or live virus were enumerated and characterised. Heterosubtypic T cells recognising pH1N1 core proteins were widely prevalent, being detected in 90% (30 of 33) of pH1N1‐naïve individuals. Although the last exposure to influenza was greater than 6 months ago, the frequency and proportion of the IFN‐γ‐only‐secreting T‐cell subset was significantly higher than the IL‐2‐only‐secreting subset. CD8⁺ IFN‐γ‐only‐secreting heterosubtypic T cells were predominantly CCR7^?CD45RA^? effector‐memory phenotype, expressing the tissue‐homing receptor CXCR3 and degranulation marker CD107. Receipt of the 2008–09 influenza vaccine did not alter the frequency of these heterosubtypic T cells, highlighting the inability of current vaccines to maintain this heterosubtypic T‐cell pool. The surprisingly high prevalence of pre‐existing circulating pH1N1‐specific CD8⁺ IFN‐γ‐only‐secreting effector memory T cells with cytotoxic and lung‐homing potential in pH1N1‐seronegative adults may partly explain the low case fatality rate despite high rates of infection of the pandemic in young adults.     

Differential expression of the chemokine receptors by the Th1- and Th2-type effector populations within circulating CD4+ T cells

The in vitro studies have proposed that human Th1 cells favor expression of CXCR3 or CCR5, whereas Th2 cells favor CCR3 and CCR4. In this study, the in vivo relevance of expression of these chemokine receptors on Th cells was investigated in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) as the Th2-dominated disorder and nonatopic normal individuals. Flow-cytometric analysis using monoclonal antibodies against CXCR3, CCR5, CCR3, and CCR4 disclosed that a substantial proportion of memory (CD45RO+) CD4+ T cells in the blood of AD and normal patients expressed CXCR3, CCR5, or CCR4, but expression of CCR3 on these cells was negligible. Stimulation studies combined with intracellular cytokine staining revealed that the cells capable of producing Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, were restricted to the CCR4-expressing population within memory CD4+ T cells. Concerning Th1 cytokine production, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells resided exclusively in CXCR3-expressing memory CD4+ T cells, although IFN-gamma production was found in both memory CD4+ T cells with and without CCR5 expression. We observed that CCR4-expressing memory CD4+ T cells in the blood were more increased in AD patients as compared with normal patients, whereas CXCR3-expressing memory CD4+ T cells were present in a lower frequency in AD than seen in normal patients. These results suggest that CXCR3 and CCR4, but not CCR5 or CCR3, appear to serve as the useful markers for identification of circulating Th1 and Th2 effector populations.     

Immune Activation and Viral Replication after Vaccination with an Influenza A H1N1 2009 Vaccine in HIV-Infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

Immunization with a pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 was recommended for HIV-infected patients. However, there is limited information concerning the impact of immunization with this vaccine on immune activation and HIV viral replication. In this study, 45 HIV-infected children and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy were immunized with a 2-dose series of nonadjuvated monovalent influenza A H1N1 2009 vaccine upon enrollment and approximately 1 month later. Immunogenicity was determined by haemagglutination inhibition assay. The level of immune activation was determined by identification of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8+ T cells. Patients were divided into 2 groups which include patients who had an undetectable HIV viral load (HIV detectable group) and patients who show virological failure (HIV nondetectable group). The results showed seroconversion rate of 55.2% in HIV nondetectable group, whereas 31.3% was found in HIV detectable group. Both groups of patients showed no major increase in immune activation after immunization. Interestingly, a decrease in the frequency of CD8+ T cells that coexpressed CD38 and HLA-DR was observed after immunization in both groups of patients. We suggested that immunization with influenza A H1N1 2009 vaccine can induce immune response to the pandemic virus without major impact on HIV viral replication and immune activation.     

Thermal-sensitive hydrogel as adjuvant-free vaccine delivery system for H5N1 intranasal immunization

For H5N1 influenza immunization, we developed a thermal-sensitive hydrogel as intranasal vaccine delivery system, which was formulated with N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride (HTCC) and α, β-glycerophosphate (α, β-GP). The flowing solution of HTCC/GP under room temperature could gelate rapidly at body temperature, which significantly prolonged the H5N1 split antigen residence time in nasal cavity. This system also enhanced the transepithelial transport via the paracellular routes due to the disorganization of ZO-1 protein in nasal epithelial tissue. In comparison to naked H5N1 split antigen and MF59 adjuvanted antigen, as designed hydrogel/H5N1 vaccine induced greater antigen-specific systemic immune responses and mucosal IgA immunity without adjuvants. Furthermore, a boosted cellular and humoral response was also obtained by examination of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines, respectively. In addition, hydrogel based formulation promoted the antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cell immune memory as determined by the proportion of central and effector memory CD8⁺ T cells in nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). These results demonstrate that the HTCC hydrogel has potential as an adjuvant-free platform for H5N1 split antigen intranasal vaccination.     

Responses to pandemic AS03-adjuvanted A/California/07/09 H1N1 influenza vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Influenza infection may be more serious in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, therefore, vaccination against seasonal and pandemic strains is highly advised. Seasonal influenza vaccines have had no significant negative effects in well controlled HIV infection, but the impact of adjuvanted pandemic A/California/07/2009 H1N1 influenza hemaglutinin (HA) vaccine, which was used for the first time in the Canadian population as an authorized vaccine in autumn 2009, has not been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE: Assess vaccine-related effects on CD4+ T cell counts and humoral responses to the vaccine in individuals attending the Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial HIV clinic. METHODS: A single dose of ArepanrixTM split vaccine including 3.75 mug A/California/07/2009 H1N1 HA antigen and ASO3 adjuvant was administered to 81 HIV-infected individuals by intramuscular injection. Plasma samples from shortly before, and 1--5 months after vaccination were collected from 80/81 individuals to assess humoral anti-H1N1 HA responses using a sensitive microbead-based array assay. Data on CD4+ T cell counts, plasma viral load, antiretroviral therapy and patient age were collected from clinical records of 81 individuals. RESULTS: Overall, 36/80 responded to vaccination either by seroconversion to H1N1 HA or with a clear increase in anti-H1N1 HA antibody levels. Approximately 1/3 (28/80) had pre-existing anti-H1N1 HA antibodies and were more likely to respond to vaccination (22/28). Responders had higher baseline CD4+ T cell counts and responders without pre-existing antibodies against H1N1 HA were younger than either non-responders or responders with pre-existing antibodies. Compared to changes in their CD4+ T cell counts observed over a similar time period one year later, vaccine recipients displayed a minor, transient fall in CD4+ T cell numbers, which was greater amongst responders. CONCLUSIONS: We observed low response rates to the 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine among HIV-infected individuals without pre-existing antibodies against H1N1 HA and a minor transient fall in CD4+ T cell numbers, which was accentuated in responders. A single injection of the ArepanrixTM pandemic A/California/07/2009 H1N1 HA split vaccine may be insufficient to induce protective immunity in HIV-infected individuals without pre-existing anti-H1N1 HA responses.     

早、中、晚孕期胎盘因子对人外周血淋巴细胞CD4、CCR5和CXCR4表达的影响

目的 通过研究早、中、晚孕期胎盘因子(PF)对人外周血淋巴细胞(PBLs)中CD4、CCR5和CXCR4表达的作用,探讨PF在人免疫缺陷病毒-1(HIV-1)垂直传播中的作用及其机理.方法 制备早、中、晚孕期PF.分离人外周血单个核细胞,并分别与相对浓度为25%的早、中、晚孕期PF作用,培养24 h后收集细胞,荧光抗体标记,流式细胞术检测外周血淋巴细胞(PBLs)中CD4、CCR5和CXCR4表达,以及CD4 T细胞中CCR5 细胞、CXCR4 细胞、CCR5 CXCR4 细胞所占的百分率.结果 各孕期PF均可显著降低PBLs中CCR5的表达,其中早孕期PF的作用明显强于中、晚孕期PF的作用;各孕期PF组CD4 T细胞中CCR5 细胞的百分率均显著低于对照组,早孕期PF组CD4 T细胞中CCR5 细胞的百分率明显低于中、晚孕期PF组;各孕期PF组CD4 T细胞中CCR5 CXCR4 细胞的百分率均显著低于对照组,早孕期PF组CD4 T细胞中CCR5 CXCR4 细胞的百分率显著低于晚孕期PF组.结论 各孕期PF均可显著降低PBLs中CCR5的表达,以及CD4 T细胞中CCR5 细胞和CCR5 CXCR4 细胞的百分率,早孕期PF作用最强,中、晚孕期PF效应相当,PF可能通过抑制R5病毒的人胞而具有抗R5病毒的作用,并可能在阻断HIV-1宫内感染中具有重要作用.