腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗高危前列腺癌的临床体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术在高危前列腺癌治疗中的价值。方法回顾性分析2012年3月～2014年11月本院腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗26例高危前列腺癌的临床资料。患者平均年龄65．2岁,术前检查单独PSA≥20ng／mL者9例;兼具PSA≥20ng／mL并Gleason评分≥8分者17例;术前诊断T3 b和T4期各1例。3例患者因前列腺体积过大术前分别行3～6个月新辅助内分泌治疗。手术方式均采用经腹膜外路径腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术,同时行盆腔淋巴结清扫。结果26例手术均获成功,平均手术时间152min,平均出血量85mL,无输血病例。所有患者均于术后两周拔除导尿管,8例拔管后尿失禁,经盆底训练后于1周至3个月恢复控尿。术后病理T2a～T2b,Gleason评分≤7分者10例;T2c～T4,Gleason评分≥8分者16例。术中清扫淋巴结数目平均5．5个,淋巴结阳性3例;切缘阳性4例,术后控尿恢复后予局部放射治疗。19例获访3～30个月,所有患者均控尿良好,PSA≤0．2ng／mL。结论对高危前列腺癌患者采用以根治性前列腺癌切除术为核心的综合治疗策略安全有效,可使患者获益。     

血清PSA值与穿刺标本Gleason评分预测前列腺癌病理分级

目的 探讨准确有效预测前列腺癌病理分级的方法.方法 分析75例前列腺癌患者术前血清PSA水平、穿刺活检标本和前列腺癌根治术后标本Gleason评分资料,对血清PSA水平与根治术后标本Gleason评分进行等级相关分析,对穿刺活检标本与根治术后标本Gleason评分进行配对秩和检验.结果 75例患者术前血清PSA值4～230 ng/ml,平均33.5 ng/ml;穿刺活检标本Gleason评分2～9分,平均(4.4±2.3)分;根治术后标本Gleason评分2～10分,平均(4.8±2.5)分.术前血清PSA水平与根治术后标本Gleason评分呈正相关(rs=0.279,P=0.015),穿刺活检标本与根治术后标本Gleason评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.011).结论 前列腺癌患者术前血清PSA水平越高,根治术后标本Gleason评分也越高;穿刺标本Gleason评分有低估的缺点,必要时应行病理分级后再评估.     

冷冻治疗单病灶前列腺癌12例临床分析

目的 评价冷冻疗法治疗局限性单病灶前列腺癌的近期疗效及安全性。 方法 局限性单病灶前列腺癌患者12例,均经穿刺活检证实。术前PSA 4.2～14.9 ng/ml,平均9.7 ng/ml。Gleason评分5分3例,6分5例,7分4例。临床分期T1c期8例、T2a期4例。均行超声引导下经会阴前列腺局灶冷冻治疗。术后1年内每3个月、以后每6个月复查PSA。PSA最低值≥1.0 ng/ml或PSA达最低值后上升＞2.0 ng/ml者再次行前列腺穿刺活检排除肿瘤复发。 结果 12例手术顺利,手术时间( 82±26) min,均未输血。术后住院(5±2)d。拔除尿管后,12例控尿均满意。术前有勃起功能者10例,术后仍保持勃起功能者8例。12例随访12 ～ 30个月,平均23个月。术后PSA最低值0.1～6.8 ng/ml,平均2.2 ng/ml,其中＜1.0 ng/ml者9例。术后PSA异常行前列腺穿刺活检4例,阴性3例,冷冻对侧腺体活检阳性1例。 结论 超声引导下经会阴前列腺局灶冷冻治疗安全有效、并发症少,可用于局限性单病灶前列腺癌患者,远期疗效尚需进一步观察。     

经会阴前列腺癌根治术28例报告

目的 探讨经会阴前列腺癌根治术在早期局限性前列腺癌治疗中的应用价值。方法 总结28例临床分期T1a～T2b前列腺癌患者经会阴前列腺癌根治术临床资料。经直肠B超引导下前列腺穿刺活检，证实为前列腺腺癌，Gleason评分2～4分13例，5～7分15例。血清PSA2．3～16．6ng／ml，平均9．2ng／ml。术前CT或MRI检查确定前列腺癌局限于前列腺包膜内，胸部、脊椎与骨盆X线平片、ECT均未发现远处转移灶。临床分期T1a～Tb3例，T1a5例，T213例，T2b7例。结合血清PSA、临床分期和GMason评分预测临床早期前列腺癌的病理分期均在T2内，28例均行经会阴前列腺癌根治术，未行盆腔淋巴结切除。结果 术后保留导尿5d，拔除导尿管后，23例患者控尿良好，4例患者有3～7d短暂的尿失禁。发生尿道直肠瘘1例，术后2个月瘘道自行愈合。术后病理：肿瘤局限于前列腺包膜内27例，有单侧包膜外浸润（T3a）1例。28例术后随访6～30个月。术后3个月PSA〈0．04ng／ml24例，1例〈0．01ng／ml，2例未检测到PSA。1例切缘阳性（T3a）、术后PSA持续升高者，行双侧睾丸切除。术后6个月20例同时复查胸部X线片和全身骨扫描，未发现远处转移病灶。结论 经会阴前列腺癌根治术治疗早期局限性前列腺癌在肿瘤控制和排尿控制方面有突出优势，结合PSA、临床分期和Gleason评分选择的病例，不需行盆腔淋巴结切除。     

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT对前列腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断效能

目的探讨68Ga-前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA) PET/CT对前列腺癌患者淋巴结转移的诊断效能。方法分析2021年7月至2022年2月空军军医大学第一附属医院行68Ga-PSMA PET/CT检查的58例前列腺癌患者的临床资料。患者年龄(64.4±6.1)岁, 血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)中位值34.5(6.1～99.0)ng/ml, 其中PSA<10 ng/ml 12例, 10～20 ng/ml 21例, >20 ng/ml 25例。术前临床分期T1期1例, T2期38例, T3期16例, T4期3例。术前穿刺Gleason评分<7分10例, 7分20例, >7分28例。按照D’Amico前列腺癌风险分组标准, 低危组8例, 中危组20例, 高危组30例;其中行腹腔镜手术38例, 行机器人辅助腹腔镜手术20例。术前68Ga-PSMA PET/CT检查示均无内脏、骨转移等远处转移, 其中10例示淋巴结阳性。除外术前曾行内分泌治疗、化疗、放疗者, 曾行前列腺手术, 或近2年内有其他恶性肿瘤病史者。58例均行根治性前列腺切除术;为观察68Ga-PSMA PET/...     

腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结活检术在前列腺癌分期中的意义

目的　评价腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结活检术在前列腺癌分期中的作用。　方法　对 36例临床分期T1b～T3a前列腺癌患者行腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结活检术 ,患者全身骨扫描均未见骨转移 ,盆腔CT或MRI未发现转移灶。血PSA 2 .7～ 2 30 .0ng/ml,平均 16 .0ng/ml。Gleason评分 5～ 10分 ,平均 6 .5分。　结果　 36例患者中 ,盆腔淋巴结活检阳性 6例 (16 .7% )。临床分期、PSA及Gleason评分与盆腔淋巴结活检的阳性率密切相关。手术时间 30～ 14 2min ,平均 82min。术后住院时间 1～ 10d ,平均 2d。并发症发生率 8.3% (3/36 )。　结论　腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结活检术安全、有效 ,对判断前列腺癌患者有无盆腔淋巴结转移、前列腺癌分期有重要意义。     

尿控技术用于经耻骨后前列腺癌根治术80例分析

目的探索保留尿道括约肌手术技巧在前列腺癌根治术中的应用效果.方法本组80例前列腺癌患者,年龄66岁(范围59~75岁);79例前列腺肿瘤限于T2b期以内,1例T3期;78例因PSA升高行术前经直肠超声波(TRUS)引导下的前列腺穿刺活检,Gleason分级3~7分,另2例为TURP后偶发癌;PSA平均8.5ng/ml(范围2.7~44.5 ng/ml).手术前均无尿失禁情况.手术技巧:处理阴茎背深静脉丛采用集束“8”字缝扎;处理前列腺尖部时紧贴前列腺表面分离,并保留前列腺部尿道0.5~1cm;保留膀胱颈部.结果手术后随访12~48个月,18例生化复发,6例尿失禁.结论尿道外括约肌的保留能够减少前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁的发生.     

耻骨后前列腺癌根治术的技术改进(附32例报告)

目的　改进耻骨后前列腺癌根治术的手术技术 ,减少并发症。　方法　临床诊断为T1和T2 期前列腺癌患者 32例 ,平均年龄 6 8岁。改进耻骨后前列腺癌根治技术 ,包括广泛盆腔淋巴结清扫、保护神经血管束、缝扎背深静脉、多保留尿道后壁组织、膀胱尿道吻合时的膀胱颈部套叠等。　结果　手术时间平均 3.5h ,术中平均出血量 4 5 0ml,输血 1 7例。术后病理报告 :肿瘤局限于包膜内者30例 ,切缘阳性 1例 ,盆腔淋巴结转移 1例。随访 8～ 4 8个月 ,平均 2 2个月 ,均存活。PSA <1ng/ml者2 8例 ,1～ 3ng/ml者 4例。术后 3～ 6个月患者均恢复完全控尿。术后恢复勃起功能者 1 0 / 1 8(5 6 % )例。　结论　耻骨后前列腺癌根治术可有效切除肿瘤、保护控尿功能、保留性功能 ,是局限性前列腺癌的首选治疗方法。     

大体积良性前列腺增生患者高值PSA临床分析

目的　探讨大体积良性前列腺增生 (BPH)患者高值血清前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)的来源。　方法　对 2 7例术前PSA值 8.1～ 75 .1ng/ml,直肠指诊前列腺≥Ⅲ° ,超声测量前列腺体积 >5 0ml,无前列腺癌 (PCa)迹象的排尿困难患者 ,采用耻骨上前列腺切除术及术后PSA追踪检测方法 ,分析术后PSA值变化的原因以及术前高值PSA的来源。　结果　 2 7例切除腺体 4 0～ 1 85g ,平均 82 .7g。病理检查 2例发现PCa灶 ,2 5例未发现PCa灶。术后 1个月内 1例有PCa灶者PSA上升 ,2 6例迅速下降至正常范围。 2 4例获随访 1 7～ 5 7个月 ,PSA 0 .0 8～ 2 .39ng/ml,平均 1 .1 6ng/ml。　结论　大体积BPH患者的高值PSA多源于前列腺移行区增生腺体 ,而非源于外周区     

5例前列腺增生患者PSA＞60ng/ml的原因分析及治疗选择

目的 探讨前列腺增牛症患者血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)>60ng/ml的原因及治疗选择.方法 总结5例血清PSA>60ng/ml前列腺增生患者的临床资料以及手术治疗后PSA的变化,结合文献复习进行分析.结果 5例患者术后PSA水平均明显下降,术后3月PSA由术前平均(72.8±8.3)ng/ml降至平均(16.4±3.2)ng/ml.其中1例前列腺增生伴炎症患者由术前103.5ng/ml降至34.8ng/ml,l例前列腺增生伴部分不典型增生患者由术前84.6ng/ml降低至42.6ng/ml.术后6个月复查,5例PSA平均(11.6±4.8)ng/ml(7.5～18.5 ng/m1).结论 PSA增高除了与前列腺癌相关外,还与年龄、前列腺体积、尿潴留、尿路感染以及前列腺炎症密切有关.对于高水平PSA的前列腺增生患者,建议尽早采取手术治疗.     

Die extendierte Sentinel-Lymphadenektomie im Rahmen der radikalen Prostatektomie?

Extended lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer remains a disputed area. Sentinel lymph scans help identify the first lymph node stages in the lymph drainage of the prostate. This study was designed to investigate the detection rate of lymph node metastasis by extended lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node scanning in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for localized prostate cancer.In this study at our department from 2005 to 2006, a total of 108 patients with localized prostate carcinoma were treated with radical prostatectomy including extended lymph node dissection. A sentinel lymph node scan with 160 MBq of technetium-99m-Nanocoll (Tc) was performed 1 day before surgery. A C-Trak gamma probe (AEA Technologies, Morgan Hills, CA, USA) was used intraoperatively to detect the sentinel lymph nodes. Scan findings were correlated with tumor stage, Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and histological lymph node status.Scans revealed sentinel lymph nodes on the film 2 h after Tc administration in 98 of 108 patients (91%). Histologically proven lymph node metastases were detected in 15 of those 98 patients (15%) with a positive sentinel scan. Those 15 patients had a PSA level greater than 10 ng/ml or a Gleason score greater than 6 and at least a pT2 tumor. Specifically, six patients had a pT2 tumor, and nine patients had a pT3 tumor. Of patients placed in a risk group defined as PSA above 10 ng/ml or Gleason score greater than 6, 15 out of 50 patients (30%) had sentinel positive lymph nodes with metastasis.These data suggest that extended sentinel lymph node dissection helps identify lymph node metastasis in patients with PSA above 10 ng/ml or a Gleason score above 6 in 30% of cases. Further studies will show whether these numbers will hold true in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.     

Should We Replace the Gleason Score with the Amount of High-Grade Prostate Cancer?

OBJECTIVES: The stage and grade shift of currently diagnosed prostate cancer has led to a diminished prognostic power of the Gleason score system. We investigated the predictive value of the amount of high-grade cancer (Gleason growth patterns 4/5) in the biopsy for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and clinical relapse after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: PSA-tested participants (N=281) of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) who underwent radical prostatectomy were analyzed. Besides clinical features, and serum-PSA, histopathologic features as determined in the diagnostic biopsy and matching radical prostatectomy specimen were related to patient outcome. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 7 yr, 39 (13.9%), 24 (8.5%), and 12 (4.3%) patients had PSA >/=0.1 ng/ml, PSA >/=1.0 ng/ml, and clinical relapse after radical prostatectomy, respectively. Using Cox proportional hazards, PSA level (p=0.002), length of tumour (p=0.040), and length of high-grade cancer (p=0.006) in the biopsy, but not Gleason score, were independent prognostic factors for biochemical relapse (PSA >/=0.1 ng/ml) when assessed as continuous variables. In radical prostatectomies, the proportion of high-grade cancer (p<0.001) was most predictive of relapse (PSA >/=0.1 ng/ml). For PSA >/=1.0 ng/ml and clinical relapse, the amount of high-grade cancer, both in the biopsy specimen (p=0.016 and p=0.004, respectively) and radical prostatectomy specimen (p=0.002 and p=0.005, respectively), but not Gleason score, was an independent predictor. CONCLUSIONS: In biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens of surgically treated prostate cancer, the amount of high-grade cancer is superior to the Gleason grading system in predicting patient outcome. We propose that, in addition to the Gleason score, the amount of Gleason growth patterns 4/5 in the biopsy (whether absolute length or proportion) should be mentioned in the pathology report.     

经尿道前列腺切除术与前列腺癌根治术后生化复发的相关性

探讨经尿道前列腺切除术（TURP）与前列腺癌根治术（RP）治疗前列腺癌(PCa)患者术后生化复发（BCR）的相关性。方法 选取2013年1月至2017年12月就诊于本院的480例接受RP治疗的PCa患者。患者定期随访并完善前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）检测,术后连续2次检测PSA≥0.2 ng/mL定义为BCR,采用多因素Cox风险比例回归模型等方法探索TURP对RP术后BCR发生风险的影响。结果 480例RP患者中有400例患者未行过TURP治疗,80例患者既往行TURP治疗。行TURP治疗过的患者BCR发生时间显著缩短,与未行过TURP治疗的患者比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.016）。有TURP手术史（HR=2.31,95%CI:1.33～4.04,P=0.003）、PSA升高（HR=1.01,95%CI:1.00～1.02,P=0.007）、T3b分期（HR=2.83,95%CI:1.16～6.87,P=0.022）、Gleason评分为7～9分（7分：HR=2.28,95%CI:1.09～4.75,P=0.028;8分：HR=2.90,95%CI: 1.24～6.80,P=0.014;9分：HR=5.55,95%CI:2.32～13.29,P<0.001）是BCR发生的独立危险因素。结论 在PCa患者中,TURP手术史、PSA升高、T3b分期及Gleason评分7～9分的患者在RP术后发生BCR的风险较高。     

Nondissection of pelvic lymph nodes does not influence the results of perineal radical prostatectomy in selected patients

OBJECTIVES: Retrospective studies have shown that pelvic lymph node dissection can be dispensed with in selected men undergoing radical prostatectomy. We prospectively evaluated the influence of nondissection of pelvic lymph nodes on tumor progression in our first 100 perineal prostatectomies. METHODS: From October 1992 to February 1998, 100 patients underwent radical perineal prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Preoperative PSA, the Gleason score of positive biopsies and age at surgery were noted. Forty-three of the 100 patients (group 1) did not undergo pelvic lymph node dissection because their preoperative PSA level was below 10 ng/ml (Hybritech assay, normal value 4 ng/ml) and the Gleason score of their positive biopsies was below 7. These 43 patients were compared with 25 of the 114 patients operated on during the same period by the retropubic approach and who had pelvic node dissection and the same preoperative criteria (PSA <10 ng/ml and a Gleason score of positive biopsies <7; group 2). All prostatectomy specimens were processed according to the Stanford protocol: prostate weight, Gleason score, capsular, seminal vesicle, lymph node and surgical margin status, and tumor volume were studied. Postoperative followup was based on routine serum PSA assays after 1 and 3 months and then half-yearly. Biological progression was defined as PSA level which was detectable postoperatively (>/=0.2 ng/ml). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the likelihood of biochemical recurrence. Results were compared by using Fisher's test, the Mann-Whitney test and the log-rank test. Differences were considered significant when the p value was <0.05. RESULTS: No differences in preoperative characteristics were observed; in groups 1 and 2, mean age was 65.9 and 64.7 years, PSA was 6.7 and 5.11 ng/ml, and the Gleason biopsy score was 5.7 vs. 5.0, respectively. In groups 1 and 2, specimen weight was 44.5 and 54.3 g (p = 0.04), the Gleason score was 6.2 and 5.6, tumor volume was 0.91 and 0.8 ml, 81.4 and 84% of patients were in stage pT2, 13.9 and 12% had extracapsular disease, 4.6 and 0% had seminal vesicle invasion, and 13.9 and 16% had positive surgical margins, respectively. The mean follow-up was 2.74 years (0.27-5.59 years). The actuarial 5-year recurrence-free rate was 78% in group 1 and 80% in group 2 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The lack of pelvic lymph node dissection does not influence the intermediate term results of perineal radical prostatectomy in selected patients (preoperative PSA <10 ng/ml and Gleason score for positive biopsies <7).     

Correlations among prostatic-specific antigen, Gleason score, staging and grading in patients after radical prostatectomy

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the correlation between Gleason grade, T stage, tumour grade and preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (< or > 20 ng/mL) in patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The serum total PSA level was measured 3 months before surgery in 87 patients who then underwent RP between 1994 and 2000; the tumour specimens were staged and graded. RESULTS: There were 57 (66%) patients with a PSA level of < 20 ng/mL; in this group only four (7%) patients had a Gleason grade of > 7 and eight (14%) had G3 tumours. Thirty (34%) patients had a PSA level of > 20 ng/mL; in this group only two (7%) patients had a Gleason grade of > 7 and 26 (87%) had G1 and G2 tumours. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm our previous observations that the PSA level cannot be use as the only factor to indicate RP in patients with prostate cancer, but further evaluation on more patients is needed.     

125I 放射性粒子植入术联合间歇性内分泌疗法治疗局部中高危前列腺癌

目的 探讨¹²⁵I放射性粒子植入术联合间歇性内分泌疗法治疗局部中高危前列腺癌的临床价值。方法 前列腺癌患者25例，年龄 64～85 岁，平均年龄75岁，前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）：10.3～354.8 ng/mL，Gleason 评分：7～9 分，临床分期T2～T3N0M0。椎管内麻醉，截石位，直肠超声从前列腺基底到尖部进行扫描，图像传送至计算机计划系统进行三维重建和术中计划，根据计划行直肠超声引导下经会阴¹²⁵I放射性粒子植入术，术后联合全部雄激素阻断疗法。当PSA达到0 ng/mL，并稳定2个月后停止内分泌治疗，当PSA连续3次上升，则重新开始内分泌治疗。结果所有患者手术均顺利，植入粒子85～110粒，平均93粒。术后随访8～20个月，平均12个月。术后3～6个月所有患者的PSA都降到正常范围，其中10例患者PSA未达到0 ng/mL，未停药。5例患者术后5～16个月，出现PSA反弹，再次用药3～5个月PSA值达到0 ng/mL。2例患者转变为激素非依赖性并出现骨转移。目前17例患者的PSA值在0～1.2 ng/mL之间，其中10患者PSA< 0.2 ng/mL。近期出现的并发症有轻至中度尿路刺激征24%（6/25），急性尿潴留8%（2/25），直肠刺激征和血便16%（4/25），多数患者症状随访1年后缓解。结论 对于局部晚期中高危前列腺癌，¹²⁵I放射粒子植入术联合间歇性内分泌疗法是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Ultrasensitive Assay of Prostate-Specific Antigen for Early Detection of Residual Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy

Objectives : Perhaps the greatest value of PSA determination in the treatment of prostate cancer is in determining persistent disease after a radical prostatectomy. We investigated the ability of an ultrasensitive PSA assay to detect residual prostate cancer in men at risk for recurrence after a radical prostatectomy.
Methods : Using the Immulite third-generation PSA assay (detection limit, less than 0.003 ng/mL), and the standard IMx PSA assay, we determined PSA levels in 205 serum samples serially obtained from 34 men after a radical prostatectomy. The average days from surgery to serum sampling was 430 (range, 63 to 1 296). Patients were classified as having nonaggressive or aggressive cancers, based on clinicopathologic findings. A biochemical relapse was arbitrarily defined.
Results : All 1 7 patients with nonaggressive cancers had PSA values of less than 0.02 ng/mL throughout the sampling period. Two of these patients (12%) had 2 or more consecutive PSA increases and were considered as a biochemical relapse. In contrast, 14 (82%) of 1 7 patients with aggressive cancers fit criteria of a biochemical relapse. All of the relapses were identified within 2 years after surgery. The IMx assay detected only 7 biochemical relapses during the same sampling period.
Conclusions : Using the Immulite PSA assay, relapse detection times may be shortened allowing for most serological recurrences to be detected within 2 years after a radical prostatectomy. Patients with aggressive cancers may require frequent postoperative PSA determinations with a highly sensitive PSA assay which would allow early intervention when treatments for relapse are effective.     

Utility of tissue microarrays for profiling prognostic biomarkers in clinically localized prostate cancer： the expression of BCL-2, E-cadherin, Ki-67 and p53 as predictors of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy with nested control for clinical and pathological risk factors

A cure cannot be assured for all men with clinically localized prostate cancer undergoing radical treatment. Molecular markers would be invaluable if they could improve the prediction of occult metastatic disease. This study was carried out to investigate the expression of BCL-2, Ki-67, p53 and E-cadherin in radical prostatectomy specimens. We sought to assess their ability to predict early biochemical relapse in a specific therapeutic setting. Eighty-two patients comprising 41 case pairs were matched for pathological stage, Gleason grade and preoperative prostate-specific antigen （PSA） concentration. One patient in each pair had biochemical recurrence （defined as PSA ≥ 0.2 ng mL^-1 within 2 years of surgery） and the other remained biochemically free of disease （defined as undetectable PSA at least 3 years after surgery）. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess marker expression on four replicate tissue microarrays constructed with benign and malignant tissue from each radical prostatectomy specimen. Ki-67, p53 and BCL-2, but not E-cadherin, were significantly upregulated in prostate adenocarcinoma compared with benign prostate tissue （P 〈 0.01）. However, no significant differences in expression of any of the markers were observed when comparing patients who developed early biochemical relapse with patients who had no biochemical recurrence. This study showed that expression of p53, BCL-2 and Ki-67 was upregulated in clinically localized prostate cancer compared with benign prostate tissue, with no alteration in E-cadherin expression. Biomarker upregulation had no prognostic value for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy, even after considering pathological stage, whole tumour Gleason grade and preoperative serum PSA level.     

Is Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection Necessary in Patients with a Serum PSA < 10 ng/ml Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer?

OBJECTIVE: Controversy persists concerning the role of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in patients with preoperative PSA values <10ng/ml undergoing treatment for prostate cancer with a curative intent. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of lymph node metastasis in this subgroup of patients. METHODS: Patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and a serum PSA<10ng/ml, without neoadjuvant hormonal or radiotherapy, with negative staging examinations who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy with bilateral extended PLND and with >/=10 lymph nodes detected by the pathologist in the surgical specimen, were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 231 patients with a median serum PSA of 6.7ng/ml (range 0.4-9.98) and a median age of 62 years (range 44-76) were evaluated. A median of 20 (range 10-72) nodes were removed per patient. Positive nodes were found in 26 of 231 patients (11%), the majority of which (81%) had a Gleason score >/=7 in the surgical specimen. Of the patients with a Gleason score >/=7 in the prostatectomy specimen 25% had positive nodes, whereas only 3% with a Gleason score /=7 in the prostatectomy specimen was 25% after extended PLND. It seems that in this patient group extended PLND, including removal of nodes along the internal iliac vessels, is warranted.     

Treatment outcome by risk group after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men

BACKGROUND: North American investigators have suggested the usefulness of risk-group stratification based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage and biopsy Gleason score for predicting the biochemical outcome of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. There have been no reports of the application of this stratification to early biochemical outcome after radical surgery in Japanese men. METHODS: The study population consisted of 178 men treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection at Kitasato University Hospital (n = 110) and Kurashiki Central Hospital (n = 68) between October 1992 and May 1999. Pathologic and biochemical outcomes after radical prostatectomy were analyzed based on risk-group stratification. Risk groups were further analyzed according to detailed pathologic findings at biopsy. RESULTS: The median follow-up period for the 178 patients after radical surgery was 41.5 months (range, 2.0--82.0 months; mean, 40.9 months). Fifty-eight patients experienced PSA failure at a median of 8.0 months following surgery (range, 0.0--58.0). Risk-group stratification distinctly defined groups of pathologic findings in the radical prostatectomy specimens. The proportion of patients with PSA failure for low, intermediate and high-risk groups were 9.5%, 23.9% and 56.9%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Use of the number of cores with cancer and maximum cancer length in biopsy cores failed to improve risk stratification for PSA outcome in all risk groups. CONCLUSIONS: Risk-group stratification based on preoperative variables may significantly improve a physician's ability to counsel patients about PSA outcome after radical prostatectomy. Further improvement in risk stratification may call for use of variables other than the pathologic information in biopsy cores.