积极面对有心理障碍的功能性胃肠病患者

功能性胃肠病(FGIDs)十分常见,严重影响患者的生活质量。胃肠道是最大的"情绪器官",无论是环境因素还是心理因素,通过脑-肠互动表现,都可表现出心理社会因素对FGIDs时空的影响。精神心理障碍与FGIDs发病和结果有关。消化科医师应认识FGIDs患者的心理障碍,提高认知和认知行为治疗技巧,对伴有中、重度心理障碍的FGIDs患者应使用抗焦虑抑郁药物治疗。     

心理应激与胃肠道动力紊乱的研究

功能性胃肠病（FGIDs）主要表现为胃肠道动力障碍和感觉功能的异常。精神因素在本组疾病发生中起重要作用。心理性应激对胃肠动力的影响十分复杂，对消化道不同部位的影响也不同，多数实验表明，心理应激抑制胃排空，加强结肠运动，而对小肠运动的影响尚存争议。     

基于功能性胃肠病的量表疗效评价研究进展

功能性胃肠病(functional gastrointestinal disorder,FGIDs)又称肠-脑互动异常[1]。成人类的FGIDs包含6类,其在症状上常相互重叠,并且有其共通的病理机制。目前认为FGIDs的"生物-心理-社会模式"是其病理生理决定因素[1]。因此,在FGIDs的临床试验中,主要目标是改善患者所诉的症状和体征。     

肠易激综合征患者睡眠质量和精神心理状况的调查

背景:肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种常见的功能性胃肠病(FGIDs),可降低患者的生活质量,并对精神心理产生一定影响。目的:探讨IBS和IBS重叠其他FGIDs患者的睡眠障碍和精神心理异常状况,并初步分析睡眠障碍发生的危险因素。方法:对2014年1月—2014年12月天津市6家医院就诊的FGIDs患者进行问卷调查,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评估睡眠质量,焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)分别评估焦虑、抑郁状况,二分类Logistic回归分析法初步探讨IBS重叠其他FGIDs患者睡眠障碍的影响因素。结果:共1 117例FGIDs患者完成问卷,其中单纯IBS患者32例(2.9%),IBS重叠其他FGIDs患者113例(10.1%)。IBS组睡眠障碍、精神心理异常以及两者同时存在的比例分别为59.4%、93.8%和59.4%,IBS重叠组分别为82.3%、95.6%和78.8%。性别、年龄和症状严重程度可能是IBS重叠组睡眠障碍的危险因素(P=0.014,P=0.049,P=0.025)。结论:IBS和IBS重叠患者均伴有不同程度的睡眠障碍和(或)精神心理异常,性别、年龄和症状严重程度可能是IBS重叠组患者睡眠障碍的危险因素。     

内脏高敏感在功能性胃肠病中的作用

功能性胃肠病（functional gastrointestinal disorders。FGIDs）是指一组以慢性或反复发作的消化道症状就诊。但无明确胃肠黏膜结构或生化异常可查的症候群。心理、社会因素可加重FGIDs患者症状，患者可同时伴有躯体症状。其发病机制目前尚不明确。最初该类疾病被认为是胃肠神经官能症。但大量的流行病学资料表明。精神压力与患者症状发作有关。其主要决定患者的就医行为。此后。FGIDs发病机制的研究又集中在胃肠动力改变方面。肠易激综合征（IBS）、功能性消化不良（FD）和非心源性胸痛（NCCP）患者均发现了各种胃肠动力异常，但其与症状的相关性较差。无法解释FGIDs患者多种多样的症状。近年研究发现FGIDs患者胃肠道存在一个或多个部位对机械或化学刺激的敏感性增高。目前认为内脏高敏感是FGIDs症状产生的主要原因之一。因此，近年来其产生的部位、发病机制及其调节已成为FGIDs研究的热点。     

炎症免疫与功能性胃肠病

功能性胃肠病(functional gastrointestinal disorders,FGIDs)与精神心理因素密切相关,黏膜免疫和炎症是部分FGIDs患者胃肠道症状产生的基础.炎症因子在抑郁的发生发展中有重要作用,其对胃肠动力的影响也越来越受到人们的重视.本文简要综述了炎症免疫在FGIDs中的作用及可能机制.     

功能性胃肠病诊治过程中应注意的问题

功能性胃肠病（Functional gastrointestinal disorders，FGIDs）是消化科最常见的疾病，以前并没有像器质性疾病那样引起学者的重视，但近年来越来越多的消化科医生开始关注FGIDs的临床诊断和治疗。FGIDs对患者心身健康的影响较器质性疾病更为突出，症状长期难愈，是临床十分棘手的课题。诊断标准的理解和掌握不但需要广泛的宣传，更需要在争论和实践中不断完善，临床医生对FGIDs治疗存在的困惑也不少。     

内脏高敏感与功能性胃肠病

功能性胃肠病（functional gastrointestinal disorders，FGIDs）是指一组以慢性或反复发作的消化道症状就诊，但无明确胃肠黏膜结构改变或生化异常可查的症候群。心理、社会因素可加重FGIDs患者症状，患者可同时伴有躯体症状。其发病机制目前尚不明确，最初该类疾病被认为是胃肠神经官能症，大量的流行病学资料表明，尽管精神压力与患者症状发作有关，但主要还是决定于患者的就医行为。此后，FGIDs发病机制的研究又集中在胃肠动力改变方面，肠易激综合征患者（IBS）、功能性消化不良患者（FD）、非心源性胸痛患者（NCCP）均发现了各种胃肠动力异常，但它与患者症状相关性较差，无法解释FGIDs患者多种多样的症状。近年研究发现，FGIDs患者胃肠道存在一个或多个部位对机械或化学刺激的敏感性增高。目前认为，内脏高敏感是功能性胃肠病症状产生的主要原因之一。因此，近年来其产生的部位、发病机制及其调节已成为功能性胃肠病研究的热点。     

精神心理因素在功能性胃肠病症状重叠中的作用及其机制

功能性胃肠病（FGIDs）是消化系统常见疾病,其发病机制复杂,至今尚未完全明了。近来研究发现,不同类型的FGIDs之间常存在症状重叠,且精神心理因素在FGIDs症状重叠的发生、发展中具有重要作用。本文就精神心理因素在FGIDs症状重叠中的作用及其机制作一综述。     

功能性胃肠病与精神障碍共病机制的研究进展

随着对生物-心理-社会医学模式认识的深入,社会心理因素在疾病发生发展中所发挥的作用逐渐被重视.在功能性胃肠病(functional gastrointestinal disorders,FGIDs)患者中,精神障碍共病的发生率高达42%～61%[1-2].罗马Ⅲ共识明确提出基因、环境和精神心理因素共同影响胃肠道的生理功能和疾病体验(转归).     

感染后功能性胃肠病及其发病机制

功能性胃肠病（FGIDs）是一类常见胃肠道疾病，其发病和特定症候群与多种因素相关。胃肠道感染和黏膜炎症背景作为FGIDs发病的诱因近年来备受关注。学者们将那些感染后发生的FGIDs称为感染后FGIDs（PI-FGIDs）。本文就感染与FGIDs的关系以及PI-FGIDs发病机制中的动力异常、黏膜免疫改变、肠神经系统改变等内容作一介绍。     

TRP 超家族与功能性胃肠病

功能性胃肠病(FGIDs)是消化系统常见疾病,其发病机制复杂,症状的产生涉及多种病理生理改变。瞬时受体电位(TRP)通道蛋白可通过多种机制活化,感受细胞内外环境的各种刺激,参与生物体内多种生命活动。本文就TRP超家族与FGIDs之间的联系作一综述。     

Definition and epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders

The term 'functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID)' is used to define several variable combinations of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that do not have an identified underlying pathophysiology. In the absence of any objective marker, the identification and classification of FGIDs are based on symptoms. The most widely accepted classification is based on the 'Rome diagnostic criteria,' which have classified 24 FGIDs into oesophageal, gastroduodenal, bowel, biliary, anorectal and abdominal pain subcategories. Classification into mutually exclusive categories has been useful for performing epidemiological studies in homogeneous populations, but has inevitably lead to disregarding subjects with overlapping FGIDs, or with a not sufficiently standardised symptom presentation. The epidemiology of FGID is still in its infancy, as indicated by the lack of epidemiological data for many FGIDs and the widely different incidence and prevalence rates reported for the most frequently occurring and investigated FGIDs: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), dyspepsia, constipation and oesophageal disorders. Epidemiological studies and the definitions of the various FGIDs need to be further improved and standardised.     

肠神经系统在功能性胃肠病发病中的作用

肠神经系统对胃肠道运动、分泌和血液供应具有独立的调节作用,功能性胃肠病（FGIDs）的慢性症状如腹泻、便秘和疼痛与肠神经调控的胃肠道功能异常有关。某些FGIDs存在肠神经递质表达异常,甚至神经元退行性改变;肠神经系统与肠道Cajal间质细胞、胶质细胞和免疫细胞连接和功能的异常亦可能参与了FGIDs的发病;脑-肠轴功能紊乱是应激和感染后肠易激综合征的发病机制之一。肠神经系统在FGIDs的发病中具有重要作用,以肠神经为靶点为开发治疗FGIDs的有效药物开辟了广阔的前景。     

肠道菌群：功能性胃肠病的防治新靶点

功能性胃肠病（FGIDs）是一组无器质性改变但存在消化功能异常的疾病,是消化科门诊中常见疾病之一。在 最新的罗马Ⅳ标准中将功能性肠胃病定义为脑-肠互动异常疾病。肠道菌群在脑-肠互动中发挥重要作用,参与功 能性胃肠病发生的多种病理生理机制。肠道菌群失调主要通过增加肠道渗透及内脏高敏感性、改变肠道动力和激活 免疫反应参与FGIDs症状产生。因此,重塑肠道菌群稳态的策略在治疗FGIDs中显示出一定的前景。     

Immunoinflammation and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a group of conditions characterized by the dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although the specific pathogenesis of FGIDs is unclear, several theories have been proposed to explain the symptoms. Abnormal GI motility and visceral hypersensitivity have always been considered to be the main physiopathologic basis of FGIDs, and FGIDs related to psychomental disorders have also caused a major social concern. In recent years, a growing number of researches have proved that cytokines have a significant influence on GI motility, and the role of cytokines in FGIDs has aroused more and more attention. In this article, we discuss the interaction between immunoinflammation and FGIDs, and make an overview of current studies.     

Fundamentals of neurogastroenterology: basic science

The focus of neurogastroenterology in Rome II was the enteric nervous system (ENS). To avoid duplication with Rome II, only advances in ENS neurobiology after Rome II are reviewed together with stronger emphasis on interactions of the brain, spinal cord, and the gut in terms of relevance for abdominal pain and disordered gastrointestinal function. A committee with expertise in selective aspects of neurogastroenterology was invited to evaluate the literature and provide a consensus overview of the Fundamentals of Neurogastroenterology textbook as they relate to functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). This review is an abbreviated version of a fuller account that appears in the forthcoming book, Rome III. This report reviews current basic science understanding of visceral sensation and its modulation by inflammation and stress and advances in the neurophysiology of the ENS. Many of the concepts are derived from animal studies in which the physiologic mechanisms underlying visceral sensitivity and neural control of motility, secretion, and blood flow are examined. Impact of inflammation and stress in experimental models relative to FGIDs is reviewed as is human brain imaging, which provides a means for translating basic science to understanding FGID symptoms. Investigative evidence and emerging concepts implicate dysfunction in the nervous system as a significant factor underlying patient symptoms in FGIDs. Continued focus on neurogastroenterologic factors that underlie the development of symptoms will lead to mechanistic understanding that is expected to directly benefit the large contingent of patients and care-givers who deal with FGIDs.     

急性胃肠道感染后功能性胃肠病

功能性胃肠病（FGIDs）是一组胃肠道功能紊乱性疾病,目前研究最多的为肠易激综合征（IBS）和功能性消化不良（FD）。目前认为FGIDs主要是胃肠动力异常和内脏高敏感的结果,而在造成这些病理生理改变的原因中,胃肠道感染的作用日益受到重视。研究表明,急性胃肠道细菌感染可能是部分FGIDs的促发因素,通过持续胃肠道黏膜炎症和免疫反应引起一系列病理生理改变和相关症状,5-羟色胺和肥大细胞代谢系统异常可能是其重要的发生机制。     

Change of appetite in patients with functional digestive disorder. Association with psychological disorders: A cross‐sectional study

Background and Aims

Changes in appetite are a frequent complaint in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). The aims of this study are to evaluate whether the changes in appetite are associated with specific FGIDs and to explore associations of these changes with symptoms of anxiety or depression.

Methods

This study included 1009 consecutive FGID patients (71% female), aged 48.9 years who all filled out a Rome III questionnaire for the evaluation of FGIDs, submitted to a psychological evaluation of symptoms of anxiety, and completed the Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire. The patients were classified according to their appetite change using a 7‐point grading scale and split into three groups: those with appetite loss, those with no change in appetite, and those with increased appetite.

Results

Among the 1009, 496 patients (49%) reported a change in appetite, of which 332 (33%) patients reported a decrease in appetite and 164 (16%) patients reported an increase in appetite. Appetite was not affected in 51% of patients. Changes in appetite depended on gender, body mass index and psychometric evaluation scores. Increased appetite did not have specific FGIDs associations, while decreased appetite was associated with esophageal, gastroduodenal, bowel, and anorectal symptoms. The presence of depressive symptoms was also a predictor for the majority of FGIDs in decreased appetite, while anxiety trait was significant for globus and dysphagia.

Conclusions

Decreased appetite was associated with FGIDs, especially in the presence of depressive symptoms. A reduced appetite would help to predict psychological disorders associated with FGIDs.

Financial disclosure

None declared.

Legal registration

This study was a registered study in the French National Drug Agency (ANSM, Agence Nationale de Securité du Medicamentet des produits de santé, Study Number 2016‐A01120‐51).

Competing interests

Michel Bouchoucha, Marinos Fysekidis, Florence Mary, Gheorghe Airinei, Cyriaque Bon, and Robert Benamouzig have no competitive interests.