高血压大鼠大小动脉血管重构的差异比较

目的:探讨自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)大、小动脉血管重构的差异。方法:以20周龄雄性SHR为实验组,同龄Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠为对照组。每周测量体重和血压,43周龄大鼠麻醉取血,留取胸主动脉和肠系膜小动脉组织。HE染色观察比较大、小动脉形态学变化,天狼星红-维多利亚蓝染色检测胶原纤维和弹力纤维变化,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和Western blot分析Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的表达,透射电子显微镜观察动脉超微结构变化,原位末端标记法(TUNEL)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)检测评估血管壁细胞凋亡与增殖情况。结果:小动脉血管内径(ID)和血管腔横截面积(LCSA)减小,壁厚内径比(WT/ID)和壁腔横截面积比(WCSA/LCSA)增大,外膜成纤维细胞增殖并部分迁移,胶原增多,以III型胶原增多为主,血管壁细胞的增殖指数和凋亡指数增加;主动脉ID、LCSA、WT/ID和WCSA/LCSA均增大,中层血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)肥大增生明显,胶原增多,血管壁细胞的增殖指数和凋亡指数增加。结论:高血压大鼠大、小动脉血管重构差异明显,小动脉以基质增多,特别是外膜III型胶原蛋白增多为主,血管壁细胞凋亡增加;大动脉以血管壁细胞增生,特别是VSMCs增生、肥大为主。     

长期去窦弓神经大鼠胸主动脉收缩和舒张功能的改变

目的:观察长期去窦弓神经(SAD)对大鼠胸主动脉收缩和舒张功能的影响。方法:10周龄SD大鼠行SAD术或假手术(Sham),用离体动脉环实验测定SAD术后4、8、16、32周和相应Sham组大鼠胸主动脉对去甲肾上腺素(NE)和氯化乙酰胆碱(ACh)的收缩和舒张反应。结果:SAD大鼠离体胸主动脉环对NE的收缩反应进行性强于Sham组,对ACh的舒张反应进行性弱于Sham组。结论:大鼠去窦弓神经后单纯血压不稳定可引起类似于实验性高血压动物模型的血管功能的改变。     

内皮型一氧化氮合酶基因转染对血管损伤后新生内膜增生的影响

背景：一氧化氮能够抑制血管平滑肌细胞的迁移和增殖,而一氧化氮合酶是其合成的关键酶,有关一氧化氮合酶基因体内转染对平滑肌细胞及动脉粥样硬化血管损伤后内膜增生影响少有报道。 目的：观察内皮型一氧化氮合酶 (endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)基因体内局部转染对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血管损伤后新生内膜增生的抑制作用。 方法：建立动脉粥样硬化Wistar大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型,建模后随机分成空白对照组、AdCMV-lacz对照组和AdCMV-eNOS组,分别将PBS,AdCMV-lacz和AdCMV-eNOS体内转染至以上3组大鼠的损伤血管壁。转染2周后培养并鉴定损伤局部平滑肌细胞,并用RT-PCR法检测各组损伤及转染后血管平滑肌细胞eNOS mRNA的表达,同时观察转染后不同时期新生内膜增生的影响。 结果与结论：AdCMV-eNOS组的颈总动脉血管平滑肌细胞可表达eNOS mRNA。3组大鼠转染后1和3个月,AdCMV-eNOS组内膜/中膜面积比值低于空白对照组和AdCMV-lacz对照组(P < 0.01)。结果显示,eNOS基因体内转染损伤后血管可以抑制血管新生内膜增生,减少再狭窄发生率。     

内源性硫化氢抑制高肺血流大鼠肺动脉弹力蛋白的表达

目的探讨内源性硫化氢(H2S)对高肺血流所致肺血管重构大鼠肺动脉弹力蛋白的调节作用。方法将雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:分流组、分流 炔丙基甘氨酸(PPG)组、假手术组和假手术 PPG组,每组8只。分流组及分流 PPG组大鼠经腹主动脉-下腔静脉穿刺建立高肺血流动物模型。4周后,测定大鼠肺动脉平均压(mPAP),显微镜下观察肺血管结构变化;用免疫组化方法测定α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SM-actin)、弹力蛋白、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)和结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)在肺动脉平滑肌细胞的表达。结果分流 PPG组mPAP较分流组和假手术组明显升高(P<0.05);在分流组,小型肺动脉中肌型动脉和部分肌型动脉所占百分比明显高于假手术组(均P<0.05),非肌型动脉所占百分比明显低于假手术组(P<0.01);在分流 PPG组,小型肺动脉中肌型动脉所占百分比明显高于分流组(P<0.01),非肌型动脉所占百分比明显低于分流组(P<0.01)。分流组肺中,小型肺动脉平滑肌细胞α-SM-actin、弹力蛋白、TGF-β和CTGF含量明显高于假手术组(均P<0.01),分流 PPG组上述指标明显高于分流组(均P<0.01)。结论内源性硫化氢可能通过抑制高肺血流大鼠肺动脉弹力蛋白的表达,调节其肺血管结构重构。     

野百合碱引起肺血管重建的观察

目的和方法:一次性腹腔注射野百合碱(MCT)(60mg/kg体重),建立大鼠肺心病模型。利用光镜、电镜技术测量观察肺血管重建时内皮细胞、肺小动脉、心脏等变化情况。从形态学改变方面探讨肺动脉高压时肺血管重建的机制。结果:肺血管内皮细胞损伤;小血管血小板性血栓形成;动脉弹力膜断裂;血管平滑肌细胞增生、迁移、转型;肺血管肌化、改建,其中以肺腺泡内动脉的变化尤为突出。右心室明显肥大。结论:一次性注射MCT即可引起肺血管损伤、重建,导致肺心病;在此过程中,血管内皮细胞起着关键作用;肌化增强的肺动脉中膜平滑肌细胞可能来源于周细胞和原位的中间细胞。     

动脉粥样硬化大鼠血管损伤后局部组织学结构的变化

目的建立大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤模型，了解血管成形术后再狭窄的发生规律及病理机制。方法在大鼠动脉粥样硬化病变的基础上，使用2F球囊导管损伤大鼠左侧颈总动脉，观察术后不同时期内膜、中膜增生的动态改变；对血管壁增殖的细胞进行鉴定；观察血管壁平滑肌细胞表型标志物SMα—actin表达的变化。结果损伤后7天薪生内膜开始形成，至3月时内膜增厚达最大，管腔明显狭窄，损伤动脉壁可见细胞大量增殖，大部分为平滑肌细胞。损伤早期血管壁表达SMα—actin减少，至损伤后期逐渐恢复至原有水平。结论应用球囊导管可以成功建立大鼠血管损伤动物模型，损伤后新生内膜增生导致管腔狭窄，平滑肌细胞的表型改变、迁移及增殖是内膜过度增生的病理基础。     

重组人IL-10抑制TNF-α和PDGF-BB所致大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖

目的:观察重组人白介素10(rhIL-10)对SD大鼠血管平滑肌细胞及血管损伤后新生内膜增殖的影响。方法:培养大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞,采用MTS/PES法确定血管平滑肌细胞的增殖状态,应用流式细胞术测定细胞周期。利用大鼠血管损伤模型,观察rhIL-10对新生内膜增殖的影响。结果:与对照组相比,rhIL-10单独应用对血管平滑肌细胞生长没有影响(P>0.05)。rhIL-10可抑制在TNF-α和血小板源性生长因子分别刺激下的血管平滑肌细胞的生长(P<0.05)。流式细胞术测定的结果显示rhIL-10分别可以使TNF-α和PDGF-BB作用下的VSMC大部分处于G₀/G₁期,与对照组相比有明显差异(P<0.01)。大鼠颈动脉损伤后,rhIL-10治疗组的动脉血管新生内膜/中层面积比低于对照组约45%(P<0.01)。结论:抗炎细胞因子rhIL-10可抑制大鼠血管平滑肌细胞的增殖。     

脂肪来源神经干细胞移植局灶性脑缺血模型大鼠的血管新生

背景：脂肪组织来源的神经干细胞移植可改善脑缺血大鼠神经功能,但其机制尚不明确。 目的：观察人脂肪组织来源神经干细胞移植对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后血管新生的影响。 方法：体外培养脂肪基质细胞,诱导分化为神经干细胞。60只健康雄性SD大鼠分为4组：正常组6只,假手术组6只,缺血对照组24只,移植治疗组24只。后两组线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血2 h再灌注模型,又分为缺血2 h再灌注7,14,21,28 d组,每个时点各6只。假手术组不闭塞大脑中动脉。造模成功后24 h,移植治疗组经尾静脉移植人脂肪组织来源神经干细胞悬液,细胞浓度为2×10⁹ L^-1;缺血对照组经尾静脉注射生理盐水。免疫组织化学法进行微血管密度计数,观察脑缺血区血管增生情况。 结果与结论：免疫组织化学结果显示,与缺血对照组比较,移植治疗组缺血2 h再灌注7,14,21,28 d的微血管密度值均显著高于缺血对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05~0.01)。提示脂肪组织来源的神经干细胞移植可促进脑缺血区新生血管的形成。     

强力霉素影响基质金属蛋白酶活性和血管重构的实验研究

目的：观察强力霉素对损伤动脉组织中基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）活性的抑制作用，并探讨强力霉素对血管平滑肌细胞增殖、动脉内膜增生、管腔重构的影响。方法:球囊导管扩张动脉的方法建立大鼠颈总动脉损伤模型。治疗组用强力霉素30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1干预。明胶酶谱法测定损伤动脉组织中MMPs的活性。用HE染色、VVG染色、免疫组化标记α-actin和增殖细胞核抗原的方法观察损伤动脉内膜厚度、管腔重构及平滑肌细胞增殖的情况。结果:①强力霉素治疗组MMP-9活性在术后24 h、3 d分别比对照组低26.3％、34.5％（P<0.01）；MMP-2活性在术后7 d比对照组低40.0％（P<0.01）。②强力霉素治疗使术后7 d内膜平滑肌细胞增殖率（43.23％±1.06％）显著低于对照组（62.76％±1.02％）（P<0.01）；使术后14 d、28 d新生内膜厚度比对照组分别少32.0％、38.8％（P<0.01），而管腔面积比对照组多58.0％、90.4％（P<0.01） 。结论：强力霉素可以显著降低血管损伤后MMPs活性，抑制内膜平滑肌细胞的增殖、新生内膜增生以及管腔重构，提示它可能具有防治PTCA术后再狭窄的作用。     

去除窦弓神经引起下丘脑室旁核小细胞部氮能神经元持续激活(英文)

目的:旨在研究去除窦弓神经是否导致下丘脑室旁核(PVN)氮能神经元处于持续激活状态。方法:成年大鼠行窦弓神经去除术,1周后制备下丘脑脑片,进行还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)组织化学结合Fos免疫组织化学染色。结果:在PVN的内侧、背侧和外侧小细胞部有大量Fos阳性神经元分布,并与NADPH-d部分共存,但在PVN的室周和前小细胞部以及大细胞仅观察到弱阳性的Fos信号,偶尔观察到双标记神经元。结论:去窦弓神经大鼠下丘脑室旁核小细胞部氮能神经元处于持续激活状态,可能起代偿性抑制中枢交感活性的作用。     

慢性低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽的变化

目的：探讨慢性低氧性肺动脉高压和肺血管结构重建时肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽（PAMP）的变化。方法:将18只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和低氧组，每组各9只。常压低氧2周后，以右心导管法测定肺动脉平均压（mPAP），检测右心室与左心室加室间隔比值 ［RV/(LV+S)］，观测肺血管显微和超微结构的变化。并且以放免法测定血浆中PAMP含量，以免疫组化法检测肺组织中PAMP表达，以原位杂交检测肺组织中肾上腺髓质素（ADM） mRNA的表达。结果: 低氧组大鼠mPAP及RV/（LV+S）均明显高于对照组（均P<0.01）。光镜下，肺小血管肌化程度明显增强，肺中、小型肌型动脉相对中膜厚度明显增加。电镜下，肺腺泡内动脉内皮细胞增生、肿胀，内弹力层粗细不均，平滑肌细胞肥厚、向合成表型转化。并且低氧组大鼠血浆PAMP含量明显高于对照组（P<0.01），肺动脉PAMP表达和ADM mRNA表达均明显增强。结论：低氧后肺动脉PAMP表达和血浆PAMP含量的上调可能参与了慢性低氧性肺动脉高压和肺血管结构重建的形成。     

Morphometric investigation of hypertrophy in the arteries of DOCA-hypertensive rats

The increase in peripheral resistance of the vascular bed in hypertension has been attributed to adaptive hypertrophy of the media or a so-called contracture of the arterial wall due to altered reactivity of smooth muscle cells. We have measured medial cross-sectional area, numbers of smooth muscle cell nuclei and the relative proportions of scleroporteins present in the media in hypertensive rats. The results show that hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells and an increase in medial area occur in hypertension, a change most marked in the peripheral branches of the renal artery.     

伴有高血压的糖尿病大鼠主动脉的结构重建

目的 :观察伴有高血压的糖尿病 (SHRDM)主动脉结构重建的规律 ,并探讨高血糖、高血压对其影响。方法 :STZ诱导SHR大鼠建立SHRDM实验动物模型 ,。观测主动脉血管壁中膜结构成分的改变。结果 :SDDM(有高血压的糖尿病 )大鼠自 4周始主动脉中膜平滑肌相对含量和核密度、胶原纤维相对含量均大于SD组 ,弹性纤维相对含量少于SD组。SHRDM组主动脉平滑肌相对面积、C/E值大于SD和SHR组 ,但SMC核数少于SDDM ,多于SHR。结论 :糖尿病早期已出现主动脉结构重建 ,以平滑肌增生为主 ;高血压使平滑肌细胞肥大为主 ,因而SHRDM增生、肥大共存。高血压、高血糖均显著影响主动脉结构重建 ,高血压影响大于高血糖。     

The effect of heparin on the haemodynamic and structural response in the rat to acute and chronic hypoxia

In the mouse, heparin administered intermittently, has been shown to reduce the right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) caused by hypoxia. We have investigated in the rat the effect of heparin on the haemodynamic and pulmonary vascular structural remodelling produced by hypoxia, with special reference to the new muscularization of peripheral arteries. Heparin at one of two doses (30 and 50 u/kg/h) was administered by continuous intravenous infusion from a miniosmotic pump to rats during 10 days exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and its effect examined on mean pulmonary artery pressure (PPa), RVH and, using morphometric techniques, vascular structural remodelling. Hypoxia produced the haemodynamic and structural changes previously described in this model. Heparin had no significant effect on PPa; a slight reduction in RVH was seen in the high-dose heparin group. After heparin, the narrowing of the axial pulmonary artery lumen caused by hypoxia was less: heparin reduced the proportion of arteries that became muscularized, particularly at alveolar duct level where the pericyte is the precursor smooth muscle cell. Heparin did not diminish the increase in medial thickness or reduction in external diameter of muscular arteries. Some rats, after chronic hypoxia, did not respond to an acute hypoxic challenge yet were no different from 'responders' in other haemodynamic and structural features. Including all rats, the mean acute pressor response to hypoxia was unaffected by heparin: taking only responder rats, a trend was apparent that heparin reduced the rise in PPa on acute hypoxic challenge.     

高肺血流量所致肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管结构和气体信使分子的变化

目的:探讨高肺血流量所致肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管结构和两种气体信使分子的变化。方法:对大鼠行腹主动脉-下腔静脉分流术。11周后,以右心导管法测定肺动脉平均压(PAMP)。检测右心室/体重(RV/BW)和右心室/左心室+室间隔(RV/LV+S)比值。观测肺血管显微及超微结构的变化。并且以分光光度计测定血浆一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化碳(CO)含量,以免疫组织化学方法检测肺动脉内皮细胞内皮型NO合酶(eNOS)和平滑肌细胞血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)的表达。结果:分流组大鼠PAMP、RV/BW及RV/(LV+S)比值明显高于对照组(P均<001)。光镜下,肺小血管肌化程度明显增强,肺中、小型肌型动脉相对中膜面积及厚度明显增加。电镜下,肺腺泡内动脉内皮细胞增生、变性,内弹力层粗细不均,平滑肌细胞肥厚、向合成表型转化。并且分流组大鼠血浆NO含量明显高于对照组(P<001),肺动脉内皮细胞eNOS表达明显增强。而分流组大鼠血浆CO含量和肺动脉平滑肌细胞HO-1表达与对照组相比无明显变化。结论:肺血管结构重建是左向右分流所致肺动脉高压的重要病理基础,NO体系可能在其形成中起重要的调节作用。     

The effect of heparin on the haemodynamic and structural response in the rat to acute and chronic hypoxia.

In the mouse, heparin administered intermittently, has been shown to reduce the right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) caused by hypoxia. We have investigated in the rat the effect of heparin on the haemodynamic and pulmonary vascular structural remodelling produced by hypoxia, with special reference to the new muscularization of peripheral arteries. Heparin at one of two doses (30 and 50 u/kg/h) was administered by continuous intravenous infusion from a miniosmotic pump to rats during 10 days exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and its effect examined on mean pulmonary artery pressure (PPa), RVH and, using morphometric techniques, vascular structural remodelling. Hypoxia produced the haemodynamic and structural changes previously described in this model. Heparin had no significant effect on PPa; a slight reduction in RVH was seen in the high-dose heparin group. After heparin, the narrowing of the axial pulmonary artery lumen caused by hypoxia was less: heparin reduced the proportion of arteries that became muscularized, particularly at alveolar duct level where the pericyte is the precursor smooth muscle cell. Heparin did not diminish the increase in medial thickness or reduction in external diameter of muscular arteries. Some rats, after chronic hypoxia, did not respond to an acute hypoxic challenge yet were no different from ''responders'' in other haemodynamic and structural features. Including all rats, the mean acute pressor response to hypoxia was unaffected by heparin: taking only responder rats, a trend was apparent that heparin reduced the rise in PPa on acute hypoxic challenge.     

苯丙氨酸缓解高血压大鼠血管重塑

目的：应用激光共聚焦显微镜观察高血压时血管重塑，以及苯丙氨酸治疗后对血管重塑的影响。方法： 以Wistar-Kyoto 大鼠 (WKY)和自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)为研究对象，采用固定压力灌注和荧光染色激光共聚焦显微镜观察分析肠系膜小动脉的管腔、厚度和血管平滑肌的排列方向。结果： SHR较WKY 管腔缩小，管壁增厚，同时血管平滑肌排列方向紊乱。应用苯丙氨酸治疗后，管腔扩大，管壁变薄，血管平滑肌排列方向改善。结论： 高血压大鼠肠系膜小动脉存在血管重塑现象，苯丙氨酸可以改善血管重塑。     

Coronary and thyroid arteriopathy induced by allylamine and β-aminopropionitrile

Broad breasted white male turkeys were fed four different diets: allylamine fumarate (AL), AL plus β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), BAPN alone, and a control diet. Twice as many turkeys died of internal hemorrhage when fed BAPN and AL, as compared to those fed only BAPN. None fed AL alone or the control diet died. Arterial blood pressure was highest in turkeys fed BAPN or the control diet. Light microscopic lesions of the coronary and thyroid arteries were seen only in turkeys fed BAPN and AL, or AL alone. There was intimal hyperplasia, hypertrophy of medial smooth muscle cells, and hyalinization of vascular walls which did not exhibit intimal hyperplasia. Lesions were more prominent in turkeys fed BAPN and AL. Electron microscopic lesions of the coronary artery also were seen only in turkeys fed BAPN and AL, or AL alone. Intimal hyperplasia was manifested as several rows of smooth muscle cells above the internal elastic membrane. Smooth muscle cells in both the hyperplastic intima and also the tunica media contained closely packed myofilaments and prominent attachment points. Rare medial smooth muscle cells were electron lucent due to mitosis, while others were infrequently electron-opaque because of necrosis. Small arterioles without intimal thickenings had lumens which were almost occluded and their medial smooth muscle cells were edematous. The walls of hyalinized arterioles contained intertwined bundles of striated fibers.     

糖尿病大鼠主动脉的重建

目的　探讨糖尿病大动脉形态结构重建和功能重建的特征以及两者的内在联系。　方法　应用形态学、生物力学和计算机图像分析等方法 ,观察了糖尿病大鼠主动脉的几何形态、显微结构成分含量和在体顺应性。　结果　 (1)糖尿病大鼠主动脉的结构重建以血管肥厚为特征 ,平滑肌细胞的生长出现最早 ,继而出现胶原纤维面积进行性增大和弹性纤维面积减小 ;(2 )糖尿病时主动脉的顺应性大小改变出现较早 ,随着病程呈进行性下降 ;(3)糖尿病大鼠主动脉的顺应性与血管壁的 C/ E值显著相关。　结论　糖尿病时长期的高血糖环境 ,引起主动脉壁胶原纤维堆积和 C/ E值增大 ,导致了血管生物力学特性的改变 ,而顺应性可作为监测糖尿病血管功能的一项敏感指标。