海人藻酸致痫大鼠海马Caspase-3酶活性变化

目的：检测KA致痫后鼠海马Caspase-3酶活性动态变化。方法：运用FIENA法特异性体外检测Caspase-3的活性，结果：KA致痫后6h，鼠海马即有Caspase-3活性显增高，一周内保持高水平，10天开始下降，而正常鼠海马几乎无活性Caspase-3检出。结论：Caspase-3参与癫痫后神经细胞的凋亡损害，特异性Caspase-3酶抑制剂能预防癫痫后凋亡的发生。     

KA注射致痫大鼠脑组织中CX43的表达及其意义

目的探讨CX43与癫痫之间的关系。方法利用免疫组织化学方法、Westernblot方法测定KA致痫后大鼠不同脑区、不同时程的CX43的分布及表达。结果KA致痫后大鼠的大脑皮层及海马均有CX43阳性表达。KA致痫后3h大鼠的海马各区及皮层CX43阳性细胞数逐渐增多，并持续上升，时程越长阳性细胞数目越多。上述变化在海马比皮层明显。结论星形胶质细胞的缝隙连接与癫痫的发生和发展上有密切联系。     

急性脑梗死患者CD62P与红细胞内、外钙离子浓度变化的研究

目的：观察急性脑梗死患者的血小板CD62P，红细胞内、外钙离子（Ca^2 )浓度变化，旨在探讨血小板活化因子（PAF）、Ca^2 稳态失调对大脑的损害。方法：采用流式细胞免疫技术，以抗血小板单克隆抗体及钙离子荧光剂为分子探针，检测了40例急性脑梗死患者，36例健康查体者的血小板CD62P、红细胞内钙（IECa^2 ）及血清钙（SCa^2 )浓度。结果：脑梗死患者CD62P、IECa^2 明显高于对照组，SCa^2 则明显低于对照组，两组比较差异非常显著（P＜0.01)。IECa^2 随着CD62P的增高而增高，两者呈正相关（P＜0.05)；而血清Ca^2 则随着IECa^2 的增高而降低，两者呈负相关（P＜0.05)。CD62P、IECa^2 及SCa^2 与病情程度、梗塞面积大小相关，病情重、面积大者CD62P、IECa^2 增高显著，SCa^2 降低亦显著。结论：PAF在Ca^2 稳态失调中起着重要作用；PAF及Ca^2 稳态失调与脑梗死的发生发展密切相关。     

实验性癫痫不同脑区细胞凋亡的观察及意义

目的 观察大鼠杏仁核点燃癫痫后细胞凋亡情况。探讨其在点燃癫痫后不同脑区不同点燃时程时变化的意义。方法 建立大鼠杏仁核点燃癫痫模型。应用流式细胞术（FCM）检测额叶，颞叶及海马神经细胞中DNA状态，同时应用TUNEL染色方法观察以上部位凋亡细胞变化。结果 大鼠燃后1d即有凋亡细胞出现，点燃3d后凋亡细胞明显增多，并在1周时达高峰，点燃后21d及49d后，凋亡细胞有所减少，但仍高于正常水平，与对照组相比有显著意义。结论 凋亡现象贯穿于癫痫鼠病程的始终，与癫痫发作密切相关。     

SD大鼠红藻氨酸诱导性癫痫发作时Nd活性的组织学观察

本研究根据形态学观察对一氧化氮（NO）在癫病发作中的意义进行探讨。方法：选用红藻氨酸（KA）诱导的复杂部分性癫痫模型。SD大鼠20只随机分为KA30、60、90、200min组及对照组。脑组织进行还原型辅酶II依赖性黄逸酶（NADPHd，Nd）染色。结果：①KA建模鼠全部出现点头、肢体抽搐、湿水样摇动、姿式失衡及全身强直一阵挛性惊厥；②在不同的脑区和同一脑区不同时点Nd阳性神经元的分布均不同；KA建模组Nd的表达比对照级低，在CA3区KA30min组Nd的表达比其它时点KA组低；在KA90min组大脑皮质Nd的表达与对照组相比无显著差异。结论：①Nd免疫阳性产物在不同的脑区分布不同。②一氧化氮合酶─—氧化氮（NOS－NO）途径可能参与癫痫的起动与传播，在癫痫发作的不同阶段，内源性NO的作用依赖于NO具体的氧化还原状态，且与其被释放的部位、时间、程度有关．在早期，NO起负反馈调节作用，即早期抗发作。     

缝隙连接蛋白32(CX32)在癫痫发病中的作用

目的初步探讨由CX32组成的缝隙连接与癫痫之间的关系。方法利用免疫组织化学方法、West-ernblot方法测定KA致痫后大鼠不同脑区、不同时程的CX32的分布及表达。结果KA致病后大鼠的大脑皮层及海马均有CX32阳性表达。KA注射致痫后的早期CX32的表达明显增强,第3天达到高峰,中、后期其表达逐渐减弱,表达量也逐渐减少。上述变化在海马比皮层明显。结论神经元上的由CX32组成的GJ可能在癫痫的始动和发生上有一定的作用,但在长期的、慢性的癫痫过程中其对癫痫的发生和发展的作用是逐渐减弱的。     

大鼠海马干细胞移植治疗颞叶癫痫的初步研究

目的 通过神经干细胞移植至癫痫鼠后与宿主细胞的整合及其对损伤宿主的修复作用，为神经干细胞移植治疗癫痫提供理论依据。方法 分离、培养新生鼠海马干细胞，移植至海人酸(KA)所致癫痫模型鼠的右侧海马内，应用Timm、Nissl、HE染色及动态脑电记录仪记录脑电图。在光镜及电镜下比较正常对照组、移植组及KA未移植组大鼠，在移植后的1周、4周、8周及24周苔状纤维发芽(MSF)、海马CA3区锥体神经元损伤情况及海马、杏仁核的脑电变化。结果 海马干细胞的移植可以显著抑制KA引起的MFS，其抑制作用从移植后第4周开始，第8周时最强，持续至第24周；同时亦明显的减轻了KA所致的CA3区锥体细胞缺失，其作用在第8周最强；KA所致CA3区锥体神经元超微结构的损伤亦得到一定程度的修复；但是，干细胞的移植并未使宿主恢复到损伤前的水平，海马干细胞移植可减少癫痫动物脑电的痫性发放，并降低其癫痫波的波幅约50％。结论 神经干细胞移植对于KA诱发癫痫鼠具有显著的修复作用，其具体作用机制还有待于进一步的研究。     

红藻氨酸致痫大鼠海马神经元凋亡及其与caspase-3关系的研究

目的　研究大鼠癫痫发作后海马神经元凋亡及其与天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶 -3 (cysteinylasparate-specific proteinase,caspase-3 )表达的关系。方法　采用红藻氨酸 (kainic acid,KA)诱导大鼠癫痫模型 ,以原位末端标记 (TUNEL)及透射电镜检测癫痫发作后 6h及 1、3、7d海马神经元凋亡 ;半定量 RT-PCR及免疫组化法检测 caspase-3 m RNA及 caspase-3阳性表达。结果　KA致痫后 1 d,海马 CA1、CA3及 CA4区开始出现凋亡细胞 ,3 d时明显增多 ,7d时最多。 3个时间组相应区域间凋亡神经元数比较差异均有显著性 (P<0 .0 0 1 )。透射电镜观察可见典型的凋亡细胞形态学改变。 RT-PCR结果显示 ,KA致痫后 6h,海马组织 caspase-3 m RNA表达较对照组显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,1、3、7d caspase-3 m RNA仍持续高水平表达 (P <0 .0 5 )。免疫组化结果显示 ,KA致痫后 1 d,海马 CA1、CA3、CA4区开始出现 caspase-3阳性表达 ,3 d时阳性表达进一步增强 ,7d时表达最强。结论　凋亡参与 KA致痫大鼠癫痫发作后海马神经元迟发性死亡过程 ,caspase-3可能在癫痫后神经元凋亡过程中具重要的作用。     

小剂量3-NPA对KA致痫大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡和p53蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨小剂量线粒体毒素3-硝基丙酸（3-NPA）预处理对红藻氨酸（KA）致痫大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡和p53蛋白表达的影响.方法大鼠腹腔注射20 mg/kg 3-NPA（4 mg/mL）或生理盐水后24 h制作大鼠癫痫模型及对照模型,7 d后分别用原位末端标记（TUNEL）法、免疫组织化学方法观察小剂量3-NPA预处理对KA致痫大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡和P53蛋白表达的影响. 结果3-NPA预处理组较对照组CA1区神经细胞凋亡减少,p53蛋白表达减弱. 结论小剂量3-NPA预处理可以对KA致痫大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡和p53蛋白表达有抑制作用,3-NPA预处理可能对KA致痫大鼠海马细胞凋亡具有一定保护作用.     

海马干细胞移植对癫痫鼠苔状纤维发芽抑制作用的研究

Turner等证实大鼠海马胚胎细胞移植对于海人酸（KA）所致癫痫鼠神经元的损害具有一定的修复作用，但胚胎细胞移植受细胞来源和伦理学等多方面限制。神经干细胞的发现为细胞移植治疗颞叶癫痫等神经系统疾病提供了广阔前景。本研究将分离培养的大鼠海马干细胞移植至KA所致癫痫模型鼠CA3区，     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

神经介入：回眸2022

<正>2022年,国际上公布了多项大型神经介入领域的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）结果,在血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,EVT）急性大血管闭塞（large vessel occlusion,LVO）适应证的扩展、药物治疗、管理,症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,sICAS）治疗,无症状性颈动脉狭窄治疗,     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.