载脂蛋白E基因多态性在云南省德宏州傣族人群的分布

目的　探讨云南省德宏州傣族人群和昆明汉族人群载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,apo E)基因多态性分布情况。方法　收集171名德宏傣族和71名昆明汉族人群基因组,通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测apo E基因第4外显子第112位和15 8位的多态性。结果　傣族组apo Eε2 / 2、ε2 /3、ε2 / 4、ε3/ 3、ε3/ 4、ε4 / 4基因型频率依次为:0 .0 0 6、0 .111、0 .0 0 6、0 .789、0 .0 88、0 .0 0 0 ;汉族组依次为:0 .0 0 0、0 .16 9、0 .0 14、0 .718、0 .0 99、0 .0 0 0。apo Eε2、ε3、ε4等位基因频率在傣汉两民族中依次为:0 .0 6 4、0 .889、0 .0 4 7;0 .0 92码、0 .85 2、0 .0 5 6 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　apo E基因型频率和等位基因频率均存在着民族、种族差异。与国内其它少数民族比较,德宏傣族人群apo Eε2等位基因频率显著低于壮族(P<0 .0 1) ;ε3等位基因频率显著高于朝鲜族、回族、蒙古族、壮族(P<0 .0 5 ) ,极显著高于维吾尔族(P<0 .0 1) ;ε4等位基因显著低于鄂伦春族(P<0 .0 5 ) ,极显著低于维吾尔族、鄂温克族(P<0 .0 1)。与不同种族人群比较,德宏傣族人群apo E基因多态性分布与日本人接近(P>0 .0 5 ) ,而与新加坡、欧美国家人群有较大的差异性。     

阿尔茨海默病与载脂蛋白E基因-427C/T多态性的关联研究

目的 探讨上海地区汉族人群载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E，apoE)基因启动子区—427C／T多态性与Alzheimer病(Alzheimer's disease，AD)发病风险的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性方法，在104例AD患者和110名正常人中检测了apoE基因—427C／T各基因型及基因频率的分布。按比值比(odds ratio，0R)作疾病关联分析。结果 (1)AD患者与正常对照人群之间不存在—427C／T各等位基因和基因型频率分布的差异(P＞0．05)；(2)按apoE ε4基因分层后，无论是ε4型人群还是非ε4人群都不存在AD患者与正常老人间多态分布的差异(P＞0．05)；(3)在—427C／T 3种基因型中，仅T／T型AD与apoE ε4等位基因呈正关联(OR＝3．94，95％CI：2．206—7．038，x^2＝21．48，P＜0．05)。结论 上海地区汉族人群中，apo E基因—427C／T多态不是AD的疾病易感因子。     

纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1基因启动子区-6754G/5G多态性与中国人冠心病的关联研究

目的　研究纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物 - 1(plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1,PAI- 1)基因启动子区 - 6 75 4 G/ 5 G多态性与中国人冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 (coronary heartdisease,CHD,简称冠心病 )发病的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性分析 ,对 12 1名健康人和 12 6例冠心病患者(其中急性心肌梗塞 4 7例 ,陈旧性心肌梗塞 39例 ,心绞痛 4 0例 )进行了 PAI- 1基因 4 G/ 5 G多态性分析。结果　 PAI- 1基因 4 G等位基因频率冠心病组 (0 .6 0 )显著高于正常对照组 (0 .4 8) (χ2 =7.6 3,P<0 .0 1) ;4 G/4 G基因型基因频率冠心病组 (0 .397)显著高于正常对照组 (0 .190 ) (χ2 =12 .6 7,P<0 .0 1) ,与 5 G/ 5 G基因型相比 ,对冠心病的比数比 (odds ratio,OR)为 2 .5 4 ,95 %的可信区间 (confidence interval,CI) :1.2 2～ 5 .2 7(P<0 .0 5 ) ,差异有显著性 ,而 4 G/ 5 G基因型对冠心病的 OR为 1.2 8,95 % CI:1.4 5～ 2 .38(P>0 .0 5 ) ,差异无显著性。结论　PAI- 1基因 4 G/ 4 G基因型与中国汉族人冠心病的发病有关联 ,4 G/ 4 G基因型个体易发生冠心病     

载脂蛋白E、白细胞介素-1α基因多态性与成都地区阿尔茨海默病的关联分析

目的　探讨载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,APOE)和白细胞介素 - 1α(interleukin- 1α,IL- 1α)基因多态性与成都地区阿尔茨海默病 (Alzheimer's disease,AD)的关系。方法　用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性技术检测成都地区流行病学调查中诊断为 AD的 114例患者和 113名健康老年人 APOE基因和 IL - 1α基因多态性。结果　中度、重度 AD组含 APOEε4基因型频率 (2 8.6 % )显著高于轻度 AD组 (18.5 % )和正常对照组 (14 .2 % ) ,其中中度、重度 AD组与正常对照组差异有显著性 (OR=2 .4 ,95 % CI:1.1～5 .5 )。将ε4等位基因频率与ε2和ε3等位基因频率之和比较 ,中度、重度 AD组与正常对照组的差异有显著性 (OR=2 .6 ,95 % CI:1.3～ 5 .3)。 AD患者组和正常对照组 IL - 1α基因型和等位基因频率分布相似 ,差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　 APOEε4等位基因与中、重度 AD相关联 ,是中、重度 AD的易感因素。 IL - 1α基因多态性与中国成都地区 AD患者无关联。     

TNF-α基因多态性与妊娠高血压的相关性研究

目的　探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(tum or necrosis factor- alpha,TNF-α)基因启动子- 30 8G>A、- 85 0 C>T多态性与妊娠期高血压疾病的相关性。方法　应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测10 6例患者和10 8名健康孕妇的TNF- α基因启动子- 30 8G>A、- 85 0 C>T多态性。对两组之间的基因型频率和等位基因频率进行比较。结果　TNF-α基因启动子- 30 8位点TNF2等位基因频率和TNF2 / 1基因型频率在病例组明显升高(P<0 .0 5 )。- 85 0位点T等位基因频率和CT+TT基因型频率在对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 5 )。由这两个多态性位点组成的不同基因型中,病例组TNF2 / 1CC基因型频率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 5 ) ,而TNF1/ 1TT基因型频率在对照组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　TNF- α- 30 8、- 85 0位点多态性与妊娠期高血压疾病相关,其中TNF- α基因- 30 8位点的突变是危险因素,- 85 0位点的突变可能是保护性因素。TNF2 / 1CC基因型可能是妊娠期高血压疾病的易感基因型。     

凝血因子Ⅴ和Ⅶ基因多态性与冠心病的初步研究

目的　观察凝血因子 (coagulation factor ,F )、 (coagulation factor ,F )基因多态性在中国汉族人群中的分布及其与冠心病 (coronary heartdisease,CHD)的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应和限制性内切酶片段长度多态性技术检测了 2 34例 CHD患者和 2 10名正常对照者的 F 、F 基因型 ,结合选择性冠状动脉造影结果探讨两者的关系。结果　 F 等位基因 R、Q和 H7、H6频率在冠心病组和对照组分别为 94 .6 %、5 .6 %、70 .3%、2 9.7%和 91.9%、8.1%、6 0 .9%、39.1%。基因型频率符合 Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。R35 3Q和 HVR4基因型频率和等位基因频率在 CHD组和对照组 ,狭窄血管支数之间比较差异均无显著性。 R35 3Q基因型频率和等位基因频率在非心肌梗塞组和心肌梗塞组比较差异有显著性 (χ2 =4 .711,P<0 .0 5 ,OR=0 .37,95 % CI:0 .15～ 0 .94 ) ,而 HVR4基因多态在两组间比较差异无显著性(χ2 =0 .14 2 ,P>0 .0 5 )。冠心病组和对照组均没有发现 F L eiden突变。结论　F R35 3Q基因多态中的 Q等位基因可能是对抗心肌梗塞的保护因子     

Ⅱb型高脂蛋白血症与脂蛋白脂酶基因内含子8HindⅢ多态性关联的研究

目的　探讨中国人 b型高脂蛋白血症与脂蛋白脂酶基因多态性是否有关联。方法　采用聚合酶链反应及限制性片段长度多态性方法对成都地区 10 3例 b型高脂蛋白血症患者及 12 9名血脂正常者脂蛋白脂酶基因 Hind 酶切位点的多态性及其与血脂、载脂蛋白水平的关联进行了研究。结果　 b型高脂蛋白血症患者和正常人均以 H+H+纯合子基因型为主 , b型脂蛋白血症组 H+等位基因频率较对照组增加 (0 .86 4 vs0 .70 5 ,P<0 .0 1) ;而 H-等位基因频率 b型高脂蛋白血症组则明显低于对照组(0 .136 vs0 .2 95 ,P<0 .0 1)。 b型高脂蛋白血症组 H+H+基因型者血浆甘油三酯水平明显高于 H+H-和 H- H- (P<0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1) ;血浆总胆固醇水平和 TG/ HDL- C也高于 H+H-和 H- H- (P<0 .0 5 )。H+H+基因型与 H+H-基因型者载脂蛋白 A 水平均低于 H- H-基因型者 (P<0 .0 1及 P<0 .0 5 )。正常对照组不同基因型亚组间的血脂及载脂蛋白水平差异均无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　脂蛋白脂酶基因内含子 8Hind 酶切位点的多态性与中国人 b型高脂蛋白血症有一定关联。     

神经源分化因子基因多态性与2型糖尿病的关联性研究

目的　探讨神经源分化因子 (neurogenic differentiation factor 1,Neuro D)基因多态性与 2型糖尿病发生的关联性。方法　运用错配聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性方法检测了中国湖北地区汉族 32 4例 2型糖尿病 (其中以发病年龄 40岁为界 ,分为早发及晚发两组 )及 12 4名正常对照者 ,Neuro D基因第 45位密码子碱基变异 (GCC→ ACC)。结果　 Neuro D基因在所测人群中未发现有纯合变异者。在早发 2型糖尿病组 ,其 AT基因型频率为 2 6 .8% ,与正常对照组 (10 .5 % )及晚发 2型糖尿病组 (11.6 % )比较 ,差异有显著性 (分别为χ2 =7.85 ,P=0 .0 0 5 ;χ2 =8.81,P=0 .0 0 3) ;Thr45等位基因频率在早发 2型糖尿病组及正常对照组、晚发 2型糖尿病组分别为 13.4%、5 .2 %和 5 .8% ,差异亦有显著性 (χ2 =7.15 ,P=0 .0 0 8;χ2 =8.13,P=0 .0 0 4) ;晚发 2型糖尿病组与正常对照组比较 ,Ala45 Thr基因型频率 (11.6 % vs10 .5 % ,P>0 .0 5 )及等位基因频率 (5 .8% vs 5 .2 % ,P>0 .0 5 )差异不明显 ,Thr45等位基因与早发 2型糖尿病发生相关 (OR=2 .5 2 ,95 % CI:1.42～ 4.49) ;基因型为 AT型的 2型糖尿病患者其空腹血浆 C肽水平较 AA型患者低 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 Neuro D基因多态性与早发 2型糖尿     

高脂血症患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性与血脂水平分析

目的:分析载脂蛋白E基因多态性和高脂血症患者的血脂水平。方法:应用等位基因特异性多重PCR技术对高脂血症患者和健康对照者载脂蛋白E基因多态性进行分析,并测定所有样本血清载脂蛋白E等血脂指标水平。结果:高脂血症患者总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白E水平明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,载脂蛋白AI明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05);血浆中载脂蛋白E含量顺序是E2/3>E3/3>E3/4,两两比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05);在载脂蛋白E的基因型中以载脂蛋白E3/3型多见;高脂血症患者中载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因频率明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论:载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因与高脂血症有关,载脂蛋白E基因多态性可能是高脂血症患者的遗传因素。     

动脉硬化性脑梗死与肿瘤坏死因子α-238及肿瘤坏死因子α-308基因多态性的关系

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α-238及TNFα-308基因多态性与动脉硬化性脑梗死的关系.方法 运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测97例动脉硬化性脑梗死(CI组)及141例正常人(对照组)的外周血TNFα-238、TNFα-308基因多态性AA、AG、GG的基因型.结果 CI组TNFα-238 GG、GA和AA基因型频率分别为88.66%、11.34%和0;对照组分别为95.74%、4.26%和0.CI组TNFα-238 G、TNFα-238 A基因频率分别为94.33%、5.67%;对照组分别为97.87%、2.13%.TNFα-238各种基因型频率在CI组与正常对照组之间的差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05).CI组TNFα-308 GG、GA和AA基因型频率分别为77.32%、8.25%和14.43%;对照组分别为92.20%、5.67%和2.13%.CI组TNFα-308 G、TNFα-308 A基因频率分别为81.44%、18.56%;对照组分别为95.04%、4.96%.TNFα-308各种基因型频率在CI组与正常对照组之间的差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05).结论 TNFα-238和TNFα-308基因多态性AA、AG、GG基因型与CI有关联.     

The importance of plasma apolipoprotein E concentration in addition to its common polymorphism on inter-individual variation in lipid levels: results from Apo Europe

Interindividual variation in the concentration of plasma lipids which are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. This study investigates the effects of apoE genotype and plasma concentration on cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) levels in subjects from five countries: Finland, France, Northern Ireland, Portugal, and Spain. Age and sex significantly influenced serum cholesterol, TG and apoE concentrations. The age effect differs in males and females. The allele frequencies of the apoE gene, one of the most widely studied CAD susceptibility genes, were determined: the epsilon2 allele frequency and the apoE concentration showed a north-south increasing gradient while the epsilon4 allele frequency showed the reverse. ApoE plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Total cholesterol and TG concentrations were significantly dependent on apoE genotype in both sexes. These differences in lipids between genotypes were more pronounced when plasma apoE concentrations were taken into account.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族自然长寿的相关性研究

目的 探讨载脂蛋白E（apolipoproteinE，apoE）基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族自然长寿的关系。方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测百岁组42名，90岁组102名，65～70岁组70名和对照组53名的apoE基因多态性。结果 百岁组apoE的ε3／3、ε2／3和ε3／4基因型频率分别为69．0％、23．8％和2．4％，其ε3、ε2和ε4等位基因频率分别为82．1％、16．7％和1．2％，百岁组ε3／4基因型及ε4、ε3等位基因频率显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），ε2／3基因型及ε2等位基因频率则显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。百岁与opoE基因的ε2等位基因呈正关联，与ε4等位基因呈负关联。结论在新疆维吾尔族，opoE基因多态性与个体寿命密切相关，同时也应考虑到长寿是年龄依赖的多种因素影响的结果。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与早发冠心病的关系及其对血脂的影响

目的 研究载脂蛋白E（apolipoprotein E,apoE)基因多态性与早发冠心病（coronary heart disease,CHD)的相关关系及其对血脂水平的影响。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment hength polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)基因分析方法,测定52例早发CHD、161例迟发CHD患者和180名对照者的apoE基因型;血脂水平按常规方法测定。结果 发现的5种apoE基因型,分别为E3／3、E4／4、E3／2、E4／3及E4／2。早发CHD组和迟发CHD组apoE4/3基因型和ε4等位基因频率均高于对照组（P＜0．01）;进一步对两组CHD患者的apoE多态性进行分析,发现早发组ε4等位基因频率较迟发组为高（P＜0．05）。apoE各等位基因型之间,TC和LDL－C水平之间存在统计学差异（P＜0．05）。结论 apoE基因多态性与早发CHD的发生发展有关并影响血脂的水平。     

Apolipoprotein E alleles in women with pre-eclampsia

AIMS: To investigate the frequency of three apolipoprotein E (apoE) alleles among women with pre-eclampsia. METHODS: The presence of the three most common apoE alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, epsilon 4) was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in two groups of women: healthy pregnant women (n = 91) and pregnant women with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia (n = 133). In addition, the frequencies of the alleles in the general population in this area are presented for comparison. RESULTS: The frequency of the apo epsilon 4 allele was 18.4% among women with pre-eclampsia and 18.7% among healthy pregnant women (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.941), which is close to the rate in the general population in this area (19%). None of the apolipoprotein E genotypes was significantly over-represented, and homozygous genotype epsilon 4 was not associated with more severe clinical disease than were the other genotypes. CONCLUSION: The observed profiles of allele and genotype frequencies confirm an equilibrium state between apoE polymorphism and pre-eclampsia and suggest that apoE does not play a major role in the development of pre-eclampsia.     

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in northwestern Greece: frequency and effect on lipid parameters

Apolipoprotein (apo) E gene polymorphism and its effect on serum lipid parameters were examined in a Greek population originating from northwestern Greece (n = 555). The allele frequencies were epsilon2: 6.3%, epsilon3: 80.7%, and epsilon4: 13.0%. The epsilon4 allele frequency was higher in our population than was previously reported in individuals from other parts of Greece. ApoE polymorphism was associated with significant differences in serum lipid, and lipoprotein levels. Particularly, individuals with the epsilon2 allele had higher serum triglyceride and apoE levels and lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoB, compared to those with the alleles epsilon3 and epsilon4. However, the impact of the epsilon4 allele on lipid parameters seen in other populations was not observed in our population. Furthermore, the combination of apoE polymorphism and serum apoE concentration explained a larger percentage of serum lipid variability than the polymorphism alone. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that ethnic differences, as well as alterations of serum apoE levels, significantly modify the relationship between apoE gene polymorphism and serum lipid variability.     

Association of apolipoprotein E genotypes with serum lipid profiles in a healthy population of Taiwan

Apolipoprotein E (apoE, protein; APOE, gene) plays a major role in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transport. Many investigators have described associations between apoE genotypes, coronary artery disease (CAD), and other risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between apoE genotypes and serum lipid profiles in a healthy population of 220 volunteers at Kaohsiung in Taiwan. Other CAD risk factors such as serum levels of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein B, (apoB), homocysteine (Hcy), folate, and vitamin B12 were also measured. ApoE genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In the study population, the frequency of apoE allele epsilon3 was greatest (85.2%); the frequency of epsilon2 was 8.4%; and that of epsilon4 was 6.4%. The serum apoA-1/apoB ratio showed significant difference among the 3 apoE genotype groups (p 0.0001); the apoA-1/apoB ratio was 1.9 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SD) in the epsilon2 group, vs 1.4 +/- 0.04 and 1.5 +/- 0.12 in the epsilon3 and epsilon4 groups, respectively. No significant associations were found between APOE alleles and the serum levels of the various lipids or other CHD risk factors.     

epsilon3epsilon4 genotype as risk factor of myocardial infarction in middle-aged people in Spain

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Its epsilon4 allele has been consistently associated with lipoprotein disorders but its connection to myocardial infarction (MI) is controversial. Because epsilon4 frequency decreases with age we thought that the contradictory results in different studies could be due to the wide age range of the subjects included. To test our hypothesis, ApoE genotyping was performed in 474 MI cases and an analysis was performed by percentiles of age. The frequencies of epsilon3epsilon4 genotype and epsilon4 allele in the MI group as a whole (subjects aged 31 to 92) were not significantly different from those in our area general population. However, significant differences were observed when comparing by group of age. The frequencies decreased as age increased. The epsilon3epsilon4 and epsilon4 frequencies were significantly higher in MI subjects aged 31 to 56 than in subjects over 74. The epsilon3epsilon4 genotype prevalence in an age and sex matched control group of subjects aged 31 to 56 was significantly lower than in the 31-56 year-old MI group. In conclusion, our data shows different epsilon3epsilon4 and epsilon4 frequencies depending on the age range of the subjects with MI, being significantly higher in the middle-aged group. This finding may help explain the discrepancies between studies analyzing association between apoE genotype and MI, and emphasizes the idea of considering apoE genotype for prevention at early age.     

高通量apoE基因分型技术的建立及应用

目的建立一种准确、快速、高通量的apoE基因分型技术。方法从外周血样品提取基因组DNA，PCR扩增覆盖第112和158密码子的apoE基因片段；构建apoE基因片段重组质粒，并进行定点诱变，以得到3种等位基因型的对照样品；PCR产物消化处理，以除去残余的引物和dNTPs；进行模板指导的荧光染料标记终止碱基的掺入反应，应用荧光偏振检测仪分析荧光偏振值的变化；检测79例阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease，AD)患者和63名健康老年人的apoE基因型，分析基因型与AD易感性之间的关系。结果对分析结果进行测序验证，表明模板指导的荧光染料标记终止碱基掺入-荧光偏振检测技术分析结果与测序结果完全相符。AD组和健康对照组样品的基因分型结果提示apoEε4等位基因是迟发型AD的危险因素。结论应用此技术进行apoE基因多态性的基因分型分析，具有准确、简易和高通量等优势，可以作为AD风险分析的一种新技术．也适于apoE基因与其他疾病相关性研究时的大规模基因筛查分析。