不同面值人民币卫生情况调查

目的了解不同面值人民币的污染状况。方法随机抽取超市100名购物者进行人民币使用习惯问卷调查,并随机抽取现场交易的第5套不同面值纸币600张和硬币300枚进行细菌污染情况调查,检测项目包括细菌总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌、霉菌和酵母菌。结果 6种面值的纸币中,平均细菌总数20元纸币最高,其次是10元纸币;大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌、霉菌和酵母菌在纸币中的检测阳性率分别为45.2%、14.3%、26.3%;10元和20元纸币各项微生物污染指标比其他面值人民币污染严重,每项指标两者阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);纸币上微生物卫生指标的检出率明显高于硬币,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论纸币比硬币受污染程度要大,建议纸币进行定期消毒。     

2008年某市美容院卫生消毒状况调查

近年来，随着生活水平的提高，人们对美的需求与日俱增，名目繁多的美容院应运而生。为了解美容院卫生消毒状况，2008年2月，我市疾病预防控制中心对城区西部20家美容院的消毒质量情况进行了调查。     

浙江省某医院NICU医务人员手机卫生调查

目的 了解医院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)工作人员手机的污染情况,探讨手机定期消毒频率对手机卫生的影响,为降低手机污染途径提供参考依据。方法 通过调查问卷了解医院NICU医务人员手机使用现况;采用无菌海绵棒对不同消毒频率的三组工作人员手机采样进行病原菌培养;通过χ²检验分析工作人员手机使用习惯对手机卫生的影响、不同消毒频率对手机卫生的影响。结果 本研究共计调查46名工作人员,调查对象全部使用触屏手机,97.83%的工作人员工作时有使用手机的现象,17.39%的人经常使用;13.04%的人在使用完手机后从不进行手卫生,仅有1人(2.17%)每次会进行手卫生;有69.57%的人手机定期清洁的频率为<1次/天;大部分工作人员手机清洁的方式采用一次性消毒湿巾;有15.22%的工作人员会对手机使用一次性保护套;对其中32名工作人员手机进行采样,抽样合格率为34.38%,未分离到致病菌。使用一次性保护套能较好的保持手机相对清洁;不同消毒频率手机卫生合格率比较差异无统计学意义。结论 定期对手机进行清洁消毒能够有效地降低手机表面细菌的定植,使用一次性保护套能较好的保持手机相对清洁。     

山亭区餐具卫生消毒状况调查分析

为掌握山亭区饭店、餐馆餐具卫生消毒状况，配合和加强食品卫生监督工作，防止食源性传染病的传播，我们于2003年8月～10月对全区9个乡镇84家饭店、餐馆餐具进行了卫生消毒状况调查监测。结果如下：     

台州市黄岩区医院消毒剂污染情况调查

提高医院消毒灭菌工作的质量,是控制医院感染的关键因素之一。为了解医院连续使用消毒剂的污染情况,我们于1997年7~11月对3所区级医院,4所镇医院共采样72份,进行细菌检测,现报告如下。材料与方法1．材料:营养琼脂、中和剂、缓冲液。2,方法:按卫生部1996年下发的医院消毒卫生标准进行,用无菌吸管收取1ml被检样液,加入9ml含中和剂的缓冲液中(中和剂的种类及浓度见表1),取0.5ml和普通琼脂培养基混合培养37℃培养3天,计算每毫升消毒液在连续使用过程中的染菌个数。染菌个数/ml=平板上菌落数×稀释倍数/0.5×2     

79家托幼机构消毒工作现状调查

为了解闵行区托幼机构消毒工作质量状况,有效地评价消毒效果,提出相应的防治措施,为今后托幼机构消毒工作提供切实可行的指导方法,我们于2007年对闵行区79家托幼机构的污染状况及消毒工作进行了监测。     

学校用饮水机卫生消毒情况调查

为了解学校使用饮水机的卫生和消毒状况及存在问题。探索解决问题的方法,我们于2003年6月对学校使用的饮水机进行清洗消毒前后在冷水端采样,进行微生物污染情况调查。结果报告如下。     

龙岩市县级自来水厂卫生管理状况调查

为更好地督促和加强我市各县(市)城区供水的卫生管理工作,保障集中式供水卫生安全,于2000年3月份对辖区内县     

运用固定电话和手机进行医院的预约挂号

本文通过使用固定电话、手机挂号,来解决医院长期没有解决预约挂号的问题。从而避免就诊高峰病人拥挤、排队、混乱现象,医院的资源,医护人员、医疗用房、医疗设备等都得到有效的利用。     

Characteristics of telephone survey respondents according to willingness to participate

When conducting epidemiologic case-control studies, some investigators include only controls who can be interviewed within a certain time after contact and/or do not recontact potential participants who initially refuse, whereas others expend considerable effort to recruit reluctant respondents. This additional effort is only worthwhile if it results in a sample that is more representative of the target population. In this study, the authors used data collected from in-person interviews of 5,616 female controls to compare characteristics of willing, accessible respondents with those of their less accessible or less willing counterparts to determine whether or not the two groups differed with respect to lifestyle, socioeconomic status, health history, and demographic characteristics. Late responders were younger, were more likely to be non-White, were less likely to have attended college, and were more likely to be current smokers than early responders. Initial refusers were similar to late responders with respect to education and race. Initial refusers were also older, were less likely to be currently married, were less likely to have a managerial occupation, had fewer lifetime sexual partners, and were more likely to have a history of diabetes than early responders. These findings suggest that additional effort expended in recruiting reluctant respondents may often result in more accurate estimates of population characteristics that are of interest in epidemiologic research.     

Air pollution survey in Kitakyushu district

Airborne particulate samples were collected on a glass fiber filter or quartz filter using Hi-volume air sampler from November, 1980 through February, 1983 at a west part of Yahata district, Japan. The concentrations of airborne particulates, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), heavy metals and dustfall were determined, and mutagenic activities of tarry materials obtained from suspended particulates were also measured. The following results were obtained. (1) The airborne particulate contents were 22.1 - 188 mg/1000 m3 (mean : 74.6 mg/1000 m3), and the values were high in spring and low in summer. (2) PAH contents in airborne particulates were in the following order: benzo(ghi)perylene greater than benzo(a)pyrene greater than benz(a)anthracene greater than chrysene greater than benzo(k)fluoranthene greater than pyrene greater than perylene. PAH contents were higher in winter that in summer. The benzo(a)pyrene contents were 1.97 micrograms/1000 m3 in 1981 and 1.92 micrograms/1000 m3 in 1982. (3) Heavy metals content was about 2.1 - 3.6 higher in winter in comparison with that in summer time. (4) Mutagenic activity showed 90 - 11900 revertants/1000 m3 for TA 98 strain with S-9 mix and 50 - 7190 revertants/1000 m3 for TA 98 strain without S-9 mix. Mutagenic activities for TA 98 with S-9 mix were higher than those for TA 98 without S-9 mix. (5) As a result of the analysis of airborne particulate samples, a significant correlation was observed between mutagenic activities and the concentrations of PAH and heavy metals. These results indicated that the mutagenic survey may be useful as an index for air pollution study.     

Validity of a household gun question in a telephone survey.

The validity of self-reported data on the presence of guns in the home obtained in a telephone survey was assessed in samples of households where a hunting license had been purchased or a handgun registered. The survey was conducted among a random sample of Ingham County, MI, residents who had purchased a hunting license between April 1990 and March 1991 and among those registering a handgun during 1990. A third study sample was selected from the county''s general adult population using a random digit dialing method. The interviews were conducted between November 1991 and January 1992. The proportion of respondents who reported that at least one gun was kept in their household was 87.3 percent among handgun registration households and 89.7 percent among hunting license households. In the survey of the general population of the county, approximately one-third of the respondents reported keeping a gun in the household, 67 percent of them for hunting and 23 percent for safety. Despite some limitations, the data indicate that a question on gun presence in a household can be used in a in a telephone survey.