单倍体骨髓移植治疗儿童难治复发性白血病

目的探讨供者应用粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)和受者联合应用多种免疫抑制剂单倍体骨髓移植治疗儿童难治复发性白血病的可行性.方法8例难治复发性儿童白血病患儿中,高危急性非淋巴白血病1例,急性淋巴白血病第2次完全缓解(CR2)及以上的病例6例,慢性粒细胞白血病加速期1例,在清髓性预处理后接受单倍体供者的骨髓.供者应用G-CSF250μg,连用7d后采髓,受者移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的预防除环孢菌素A(CSA)和氨甲蝶呤(MTX)外,在-4至-1d(移植前为"-”)应用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)5mg/(kg*d),+7d(移植后为"+”)开始加服霉酚酸酯(MMF).结果8例患儿均植入成功,中性粒细胞大于0.5×109/L和血小板大于20×109/L的中位天数分别是18d(范围16～21d)和19.5d(范围17～27d).急性Ⅱ°～Ⅳ°GVHD发生4例(50%),其中2例急性Ⅱ度肠道GVHD,2例急性Ⅲ度肠道GVHD,可评价的5例患儿均发生慢性GVHD,无一例发生广泛性慢性GVHD.中位随访时间是510d(范围390～720d),死亡3例,其中死于急性GVHD2例,死于感染1例.无病存活5例.结论单倍体骨髓移植治疗儿童难治复发性白血病是一种有效和安全方法,对我国单亲家庭拓宽供髓来源有重要的实用价值.     

环孢素联合吗替麦考酚酯预防异基因造血干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病43例分析

目的 探讨环孢素(CSA)联合吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)在异基因造血干细胞移植预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的效果.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年12月于中山大学附属二院进行异基因造血干细胞移植后发生GVHD的43例患儿的临床资料,其中28例应用CSA联合MMF为主的方案预防急性GVHD(称为MMF预防组),15例未使用MMF(称为无MMF预防组).结果 异基因外周血造血干细胞移植造血重建较脐血移植组快(P＜0.05),与使用MMF与否无关.28例MMF预防组中.急性GVHD和慢性GVHD的发生率分别为50.0%(14/28)和14.29%(4/28);15例无MMF预防组中,急性GVHD和慢性GVHD的发生率为80.0%(12/15)和66.7%(10/15).13例使用MMF的非血缘相关脐血移植患儿中,5例发生急性GVHD,仅1例发生慢性GvHD.另4例非血缘相关脐血移植和5例血缘相关脐血移植患儿未使用MMF,8例发生急性GVHD,5例发生了慢性GVHD.21例异基因外周血干细胞移植患儿,15例使用MMF患儿,其中4例发生急性GVHD,仅3例发生慢性GVHD.发生率为20.0%(3/15),而6例无使用MMF患儿,4例发生了急性GVHD,5例发生了慢性GVHD(83.3%).慢性GVHD的发生与移植类型关系不明显,但使用MMF组发生慢性GVHD比无使用MMF组少(P＜0.05).结论 CSA联合MMF在减少异基因造血干细胞移植后慢性GVHD的发生方面作用明显.     

重型β-珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血异基因造血干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型β-珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血(地贫)并急(慢)性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的规律及预防方案.方法 分析本院1997-2004年行58次异基因造血干细胞移植52例重型地贫患儿资料.预处理方案以白消安加环磷酰胺加抗人胸腺免疫球蛋白为主,依据人类白细胞抗原(HLA)配型情况等分别加用氟达拉滨或全身放疗.GVHD预防方案:环孢素(CsA)或他克莫司(FK-506)加甲氨蝶呤(MTX)或霉酚酸脂(MMF).观察比较不同移植类型、骨髓来源等GVHD的发生情况及预后.结果 随访1～104个月,GVHD总发生率为72.7%(24例),其中21例为急性GVHD(占87.5%),3例为慢性GVHD(12.5%);GVHD临床分度为I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ～Ⅳ度,发生率分别为27.3%(9例)、27.3%(9例)和18.1%(6例).非亲缘或单倍体供者移植组GVHD发生率为66.7%,外周血造血干细胞移植(PBSCT)者GVHD发生率为100%.结论 地贫移植后GVHD发生以急性为主,临床分度以I、Ⅱ度为主,非亲缘供者、单倍体移植组GVHD发生率高,尤以PBSCT发生率高;CsA加MMF是比较有效的预防方法.     

后置环磷酰胺方案造血干细胞移植治疗9例湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征疗效分析

目的探讨后置环磷酰胺(PTCY)方案造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗WAS的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析9例接受PTCY方案allo-HSCT治疗的WAS患儿的临床资料,包括移植前临床评分、供者情况、移植后粒细胞及血小板植入时间,移植后嵌合度及移植并发症。结果 9例患儿移植时中位年龄为15(4～108)个月,2例为同胞全相合供者,7例为半相合供者,回输移植物的单个核细胞中位数为15. 7(11. 3～27. 4)×10~8/kg,CD34+细胞中位数为9. 5 (4. 4～26. 1)×106/kg。中性粒细胞和血小板植入中位时间分别为14 (12～16) d和15 (11～29) d。中位随访时间为20(3～48)个月,所有病例均存活,仅1例患儿发生3度急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),无慢性GVHD,所有患儿移植后2周短串联重复序列结合聚合酶链反应(STR-PCR)检测显示为完全供者型嵌合。4例患儿发生巨细胞病毒血症,1例EB病毒血症,1例发生自身免疫溶血性贫血,3例发生免疫性血小板减少。结论 PTCY方案allo-HSCT可有效治疗WAS,该预处理方案无严重移植相关并发症,且无混合嵌合发生,并有效减少GVHD。     

CD40和CD40配体表达在异基因造血干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病发生中的变化

目的 探讨在血缘相关人类白细胞抗原(HLA)全相合异基因造血干细胞移植(HSCT)中发生移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)患者CD40和CD40配体(CD40L)表达的变化及意义.方法 成功应用血缘相关HLA全相合异基因HSCT治疗19例重型珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血和1例遗传性溶血性贫血.其中脐血移植(UCBT)8例,异基因外周血造血干细胞移植(allo-PBSCT)12例,移植前、后发生急、慢性GVHD时采用流式细胞仪检测和比较其外周血CD40和CD40L的表达.结果 UCBT 3例和allo-PBSCT 4例无急性GVHD,余13例均发生I-Ⅳ度急性GVHD.急性GVHD发生时CD4 CD40L 和CD8 CD40L T细胞表达明显升高,尤其在alloPBSCT者更明显.5例UCBT和12例allo-PBSCT发生慢性GVHD,慢性GVHD发生时患者的CD40L 、CD25 和CD69 在CD4 和CD8 T细胞上的表达增加.CD19 CD40 B细胞的表达在UCBT和allo-PBSCT后l a一直处于低水平.结论 HSCT移植后患者外周血CD40L T细胞的高表达可能与异基因HSCT GVHD的发生过程中的T细胞活化与增殖有关.     

脐血移植治疗儿童恶性血液病的临床研究

目的观察脐血移植(CBT)治疗儿童血液系统恶性疾病的植入率、移植相关并发症和生存情况。方法血液系统恶性疾病患儿19例,其中无关供者16例,同胞供者3例。脐血与患儿HLA6个位点全相合6例,1个位点错配10例,2个位点错配3例。移植时疾病状态,高危10例,标危9例。预处理主要采用Bu/Cy或Cy/TBI方案,同时应用抗胸腺球蛋白(ATG)。GVHD预防主要采用环孢菌素A(CsA)、骁悉(MMF)及甲基泼尼松龙(MP)三联方案,3例同胞供者移植则单用CsA预防GVHD。移植脐血的细胞数量是,有核细胞(TNC)5.96×107/kg(2.57～12.20),CD34+细胞2.20×105/kg(0.31～5.80)。结果18例成功重建粒系造血,中位重建时间17(11～35)天;15例血小板植入,中位重建时间38(25～112)天。发生急性GVHD9例,其中Ⅰ度～Ⅱ度7例,Ⅲ度～Ⅳ度aGVHD2例;慢性GVHD3例。移植后随访4～86个月,复发3例,死亡8例,其中移植相关死亡6例,移植相关死亡率(TRM)31.6%。因CMV感染导致间质性肺炎死亡4例,占移植相关死亡的66.7%(4/6)。2年总生存率(OS)和无事件生存率(EFS)分别为62.54%(±11.24%)、44.53%(±12.22%);标危移植组与高危移植组病人2年OS分别为88.89%(±10.48%)、40.00%(±15.49%)。结论本组儿童血液系统恶性疾病脐血移植的植入率、移植相关并发症和生存情况与国外文献报道相似,移植时疾病状态为标危时治疗效果较好,CMV感染所致间质性肺炎是移植相关死亡的主要原因。     

白细胞介素-11对急性淋巴细胞白血病幼龄小鼠骨髓移植后的影响

目的　研究白细胞介素 11(IL 11)对急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)幼龄小鼠骨髓移植后移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)及移植物抗白血病 (GVL)的影响及其可能机制。方法　流式细胞术检测IL 11对移植前后ALL幼龄小鼠CD4、CD8T细胞亚群影响 ;记录ALL小鼠骨髓移植后的存活时间 ;观察移植后ALL小鼠内脏的GVHD病理变化 ;ELISA检测与GVHD密切相关的肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)水平。结果　IL 11降低CD4T细胞亚群的同时增加CD8T细胞亚群的数量 ;明显提高ALL小鼠的生存时间 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;推迟GVHD发生时间 ,减轻GVHD发生程度 ;下调TNF α水平 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　IL 11一定程度降低移植后ALL小鼠的GVHD发生 ,并且保留GVL。     

非血缘相关脐血移植治疗儿童高危白血病的临床观察

目的：非血缘脐血具有快速寻求、容易得到和HLA配型不严格的特点，该文进行了非血缘相关脐血移植（UD-UCBT）治疗儿童恶性白血病的研究并探讨其疗效问题。方法：对6例难治性白血病患儿，包括3例急性淋巴细胞白血病（2例高危CR1，1例标危CR2），2例幼年慢性粒单细胞白血病（1例缓解期，1例加速期）和1例急性髓系白血病（AML- M5，CR1）进行了非血缘相关脐血移植，HLA高分辨1例全相合，1例5个位点相合，1例4个位点相合，3例3个位点相合。预处理选用白消安/环磷酰胺/ATG或全身放疗/环磷酰胺/ATG为主方案。于 0 d 回输脐血，有核细胞中位数为8.51×107/kg，CD34+细胞中位数为1.81×105/kg。预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）采用环孢霉素A、甲基泼尼松龙和骁悉或CD25单抗。结果：中性粒细胞绝对值（ANC）≥0.5×109/L和PLT≥20×109/L的中位天数分别是+13 d、+30 d，移植证据均为供者型。4例出现Ⅰ~Ⅲ度GVHD，均控制。随访中位时间12个月，未发生慢性GVHD，现存活4例血型均转为供者型，无复发。结论：脐血提供快速有效的造血干细胞，为治疗儿童白血病提供良好时机，非血缘相关脐血移植能耐受HLA多个位点不相合。急性GVHD发生率也较高，存在移植物抗白血病作用。     

亲缘单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗22例儿童高危血液肿瘤的安全性及疗效分析

目的评估亲缘单倍体造血干细胞移植在儿童高危血液肿瘤治疗中的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析22例14岁及以下的高危恶性血液病患儿在接受亲缘单倍体造血干细胞移植后的并发症及疗效。结果全部患儿移植后造血干细胞植入成功。I～Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）发生率为64％（14／22）,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度为14％（3／22）;慢性广泛型GVHD发生率为23％（5／22）;6例无GVHD发生。至随访期末,移植早期（〈100d）相关死亡率为O,总生存率为86％（19／22）,多因素分析提示移植后原发病的复发为影响总生存率的高危因素（P〈0．05）,移植后未出现复发或者复发倾向、出现复发或者复发倾向的两组患儿总生存率分别为94％和60％（P=0．017）。结论亲缘单倍体因造血干细胞移植在高危儿童血液肿瘤的治疗中是安全有效的,亲缘单倍体供者为合适的供者选择。     

非亲缘异基因骨髓移植治疗儿童白血病

目的　评价非亲缘异基因骨髓移植 (URD BMT)治疗儿童急性和慢性白血病的临床疗效。方法　 6例白血病患儿 ,其中慢性髓系白血病 2例 ,急性淋巴细胞白血病 3例 (第 1次完全缓解 ) ,急性早幼粒细胞白血病 1例 (第 2次完全缓解 ) ,由台湾慈济骨髓捐赠中心提供无关供者骨髓。预处理方案为马利兰 环磷酰胺 (Bu/Cy2 )方案 ,急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD)预防为霉酚酸酯(MMF)、环孢菌素A(CsA)加氨甲喋呤 (MTX)联合方案 ;以前列素E1预防肝静脉闭塞病 (VOD) ,以巨细胞病毒 (CMV)抗原血症监测和更昔洛韦预防CMV病。供、受者间HLA基因位点型全相合 3例 ,1个基因位点型不合 2例 ,2个基因位点型不合 1例。结果　 6例患儿经DNA短串联重复序列多态性分析证明为供髓植入 ,中性粒细胞 >0 5× 10 9/L的中位天数为 14 5 (13～ 18)d ,血小板 >2 0×10 9/L的中位天数为 16 (11～ 2 3)d。发生Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD 2例 (33% ) ,局限性慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD) 3例 ,未发生广泛性cGVHD。中位随访时间 4 12 (187～ 1338)d ,全部患儿均无病生存。结论非亲缘异基因骨髓移植是治疗儿童急性和慢性白血病的有效方法。     

移植物化学修饰后半相合骨髓移植的实验研究

目的　研究甲氧基聚乙二醇 (mPEG)修饰移植物对小鼠H 2半相合骨髓移植 (BMT)的影响。方法　以雄性BALB/c小鼠为供鼠 ;雌性CB6F1代小鼠为受鼠 ,随机分为修饰移植、单纯移植和照射对照三组 ,每组各为 2 0只小鼠。三组鼠在致死量60 Coγ射线全身照射后 ,分别由尾静脉注入经mPEG修饰或未修饰的供鼠骨髓细胞和脾细胞 ,观察各组存活率、急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD)的表现、造血恢复情况及存活小鼠的染色体核型。结果　修饰移植组 30天存活率为 75 % ,较单纯移植组(4 0 % )增高 (χ2 =5 0 1,P =0 0 2 5 ) ,而照射对照组 2周死亡率为 10 0 %。修饰移植组血象恢复快于单纯移植组 (P <0 0 5 )。取死亡小鼠的爪垫皮肤、肝及小肠肠管作病理组织学检查 ,修饰组aGVHD病理表现减轻 ,Thomas病理分级轻于单纯移植组。移植后 75天对存活的受鼠进行染色体C带显色法检测嵌合体 ,证实为完全供者型植入。结论　mPEG修饰移植物可明显减轻aGVHD ,提高小鼠半相合骨髓移植的存活率     

ALA-PDT对急性淋巴细胞白血病小鼠同种异基因骨髓移植后 GVHD和GVL的影响

目的探讨5-氨基乙酰丙酸-光动力疗法(5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy,ALA-PDT)在急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)小鼠骨髓移植后对移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)和移植物抗白血病作用(GVL)的影响。方法以ALL小鼠为模型,经致死剂量60Co照射后,对其进行同种异基因骨髓移植的同时,静脉输注经ALA-PDT处理的供受鼠混合淋巴细胞,同时设立骨髓细胞加脾细胞移植对照组及空白对照组。观察骨髓移植后受鼠的一般情况、30 d生存率、造血功能恢复情况以及肝脏等组织的病理学改变。结果ALA-PDT处理组小鼠30 d生存率明显高于其他各组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);其造血功能恢复情况及GVHD反应均较其他各组有所改善。结论ALA-PDT能明显减轻小鼠骨髓移植后GVHD反应,并保留一定的GVL作用。     

非血缘相关骨髓移植治疗重型地中海贫血的临床研究

目的为进一步拓展供髓源,探讨非血缘相关骨髓移植治疗重型地中海贫血(简称地贫)的可行性。方法9例地贫患儿进行了非血缘骨髓移植,其基因突变类型为地贫纯合子或双重杂合子,均确诊为重型β地贫。HLA高分辨配型全相合2例,1个亚型不合5例,2个亚型不合2例,6例红细胞血型不合。预处理为白消安16mg/kg,分4天口服;环磷酰胺200mg/kg,分4天静滴;抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白30mg/kg,分3天静滴和氟达拉宾125mg/m2,分3天静滴。环孢素A和氨甲蝶呤预防移植物抗宿主病(graftversushostdisease,GVHD)。结果9例患儿均出现明显的过敏反应,1例有一过性低血压,皮肤急性GVHD7例,肝脏GVHD1例,肠道GVHD2例,慢性GVHD1例,高血压脑病1例,间质性肺炎2例。1例急性肺出血死亡。外周血中性粒细胞>0.5×109/L的时间为12～26天,WBC恢复正常的时间为23～110天,PLT于61～142天>50×109/L,Hb则于23～116天升至100g/L,最后一次输血时间为13～62天。PCR扩增短串联重复序列检测证实:8例患儿获得完全供体植入,1例未植入。随访6～24个月,7例原重型β地贫基因已消失,5例血型不合者已转成供者相同血型;7例患儿术后无需输血,Hb维持在110g/L以上。结论本组9例重型地贫的非血缘骨髓移植为国内首次尝试,初步证明非血缘骨髓移植根治重型地贫较安全可靠,为解决本病移植治疗的供髓源提供了新途径。     

Bone marrow transplantation in children using unrelated donors at Huddinge Hospital

Twenty-eight out of 31 children that underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from unrelated donors between 1984 and 1995 received HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR matched unrelated donor (MUD) marrows as defined by serologic HLA class I and genomic HLA class II typing. Compared with 28 case-matched controls transplanted with HLA identical sibling donors, MUD patients received a more intensive conditioning. Twenty-six patients (93%) engrafted while two died of septicaemia during the aplastic phase. Two patients rejected their grafts and four developed Evans syndrome. All controls engrafted without incidents of rejection or Evans syndrome. The probability of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of grade II or above was 27% after MUD-BMT and 7% in the controls. The 5-year probability of survival was 60% in MUD patients and 89% after sibling BMT ( p = 0.03). Leukaemia-free survival was 60% with one relapse in the MUD patients, and 59% with five relapses in the sibling group. Three children who received a mismatched donor marrow died, two of severe GVHD and one after graft rejection. In conclusion, today, a matched unrelated donor BMT is an acceptable alternative for many children who need a BMT but lack a suitable related donor.     

Bone marrow transplantation in childhood leukemia using reverse isolation techniques

Between 1979 and 1986, 29 pediatric patients underwent bone marrow transplantation at Texas Children's Hospital using routine reverse isolation. Laminar air flow rooms, prophylactic antibiotics, and gut sterilization were not utilized. The diagnoses included acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (16 patients), acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) (10 patients), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (three patients). All patients had fever during hospitalization. There were 11 episodes of bacteremia in seven patients giving a bacteremia rate of 37.9%. Moderate-to-severe (grade II-IV) acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was seen in eight patients (27.6%). The incidence of infection and GVHD during the first 100 days post-transplantation is comparable to published reports from centers utilizing rigid isolation and sterilization of the gut. It is suggested that bone marrow transplantation may be done using standard reverse isolation techniques without increasing the morbidity or mortality of the procedure.     

Comparison of Autologous and Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Children with Acute Leukemia

Thirty-one patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (18 patients) or with high-risk refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia (13 patients) underwent bone marrow transplantation between March 1980 and March 1990. The high-dose conditioning regimen employed included cyclophosphamide followed by fractionated total body irradiation (12 GY). Fourteen patients who had an HLA-identical sibling donor received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (ailo-BMT); the other 17 patients received autologous bone marrow transplantation (auto-BMT) purged with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC). Four of the 14 allo-graft recipients died of leukemic relapse and 2 others died of graft-versus-host disease. Three of the 17 auto-graft recipients died of relapse and 1 suffered relapse in the testes. The actuarial risk of relapse was 29% for the allo-BMT patients and 24% for the auto-BMT patients (P<0.05). The event-free survival rate at five years was 57% and 74% respectively (P<0.05). Although there was no difference between them, a trend toward a higher survival rate and a lower mortality and morbidity was observed in the auto-BMT group. These results suggest that autologous bone marrow transplantation purged with 4HC is an effective and useful treatment for children with acute non-lymphocytic and lymphocytic leukemia who have no HLA-identical donor.     

Haploidentical transplantation in children with unmanipulated peripheral blood stem cell graft: The need to look beyond post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide in younger children

Haploidentical transplantation with PTCY following marrow or PBSC graft has been associated with low incidence of GVHD in adults with similar data lacking in children. We report on the outcome of 25 patients <20 yr of age (median age 12 yr), undergoing a haploidentical PBSC transplantation for both malignant and non‐malignant disorders. Engraftment was prompt and sustained. Cumulative incidences of acute GVHD and chronic GVHD were 40.3% and 16.7%, respectively. On subgroup analysis, it was evident that acute GVHD developed in 80% of patients <10 yr compared to only 13.3% in those between 10 and 20 yr [log‐rank p = 0.001], despite similar graft composition with significantly higher NRM (60% vs. 0%; p = 0.001). The FFS was 63.5%; (79% in >10 yr and 40% in <10 yr, p = 0.01). Our data suggest that PTCY‐based haploidentical PBSC transplantation is feasible in older children, but results in early and severe alloreactivity in younger children. These findings, despite being counterintuitive, could be explained by the variable metabolism of CY and oral mycophenolate in younger children indicating that PTCY‐based approach as used in adults might not be adequate for younger children.     

Human herpesvirus 7 in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the significance of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate children post autologous and allogeneic HSCT, with a positive PCR or immunohistochemistry for HHV-7 either from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or any other pathology specimen. Clinical data for these patients were collected examining symptoms and signs, engraftment, acute infectious complications, graft versus host disease (GVHD) where applicable, and survival. RESULTS: Between June 1999 and June 2003, 265 HSCT were performed in The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, allogeneic (n = 163) and autologous (n = 102). Nine children were positive for HHV-7 at a median of 21 days (range 16-27 days) post-HSCT. All had allogeneic transplantation. The most common underlying diagnosis was acute leukemia and 7 had matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplantation. Eight of the nine patients had grade II-IV acute GVHD and all of them had multiple infectious episodes with fungal, bacterial and other viral pathogens. Although not fully attributed to HHV-7, the clinical syndrome varied from fever, vomiting and diarrhea to septic shock. Four patients died due to GVHD and sepsis. CONCLUSION: HHV-7 was uncommon post-HSCT. It was associated with severe GVHD and sepsis secondary to severe immunosuppression.     

Bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency disease

Patients who received bone marrow transplantation (=BMT) for the treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency (=SCID), and who were reported in the medical literature from 1968 to 1977, were collected and analysed. Eighteen of these 80 children are still alive, 10 months to 9 years after transplantation. It is thus the first successful form of therapy for this otherwise invariably fatal disease.Fifteen of the 18 survivors received bone marrow cells from HLA and MLC compatible donors; the remaining 3 survivors received grafts from MLC-compatible but HLA-incompatible donors. Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for SCID when recipient and donor are HLA-and MLC-identical. All patients who received MLC-incompatible grafts died, and bone marrow transplantation for SCID from MLC-incompatible donors should be abandoned.Mild-to-severe graft-versus-host disease (=GVHD) occurred in spite of HLA- and/or MLC-compatibility, with some correlation to the number of cells transplanted. This should preferably be kept below 50 million cells per kilo body weight. Infection was the chief cause of death in all groups. Strict reverse isolation, bowel decontamination and routine pre-and post-transplant Pneumocystis carinii prophylactic treatment are recommended.The clinical picture and laboratory findings of these 80 children before BMT did not differ from non-transplanted SCID patients. Three of the 18 survivors are adenosinedeaminase deficient.