几种通信技术在动态体温数据记录与分析系统中的应用

本文简要叙述了动态体温数据检测记录与分析系统中采用的几种通信技术,并给出了实现方法。     

Determination of body heat storage: how to select the weighting of rectal and skin temperatures for clothed subjects

 Two methods of estimating body heat storage were compared under differing conditions of clothing and acclimation to heat. Sixteen male subjects underwent 6 consecutive days or two 6-day periods, separated by a 1-day rest period of heat acclimation, exercising 60 min ⋅ day^-1 at 45%–55% of maximal aerobic power in a hot, dry environment (dry bulb temperature 40°C; relative humidity 30%; and wind speed 0.3 m ⋅ s^-1). Before and after acclimation, the subjects entered the same environment, wearing either normal light combat clothing or clothing protective against nuclear, biological, and chemical agents; they walked on a treadmill at 1.34 m ⋅ s^-1, 0% slope continuously (n=11 for normal clothing) or as repeated 15-min bouts of exercise followed by 15-min sitting rest (n=5 for normal clothing and n=16 for protective clothing). Average exposure times were 147 min (preacclimation) and 150 min (postacclimation) for continuous exercise and 150 min (both pre- and postacclimation) for intermittent exercise while wearing normal clothing, and 103 min (preacclimation) and 116 min (postacclimation) for intermittent exercise while wearing protective clothing. Heat storage was determined calorimetrically (from heat gains and heat losses) and thermometrically [using various weightings of rectal temperature (T _re) and mean skin temperature (Tˉ_sk)]. There were only minor (<5%) differences in estimated heat storage, whether calculations used a single specific heat (3.47 kJ ⋅ kg^-1⋅°C^-1) or a value computed according to the subject’s body composition. When wearing normal clothing, a formula with an invariant relative weighting for T _re to Tˉ_sk of 4:1 provided the best thermometric estimate of heat storage. When wearing protective clothing, the invariant relative weighting of 4:1 underestimated heat storage by 2%–12%; underestimation was attenuated by using respective relative weightings for a thermoneutral and hot environment of 2:1 and 2:1 or 4:1 and 9:1 before acclimation and 4:1 and 9:1 after acclimation. We conclude that the accuracy of thermometric estimates of heat storage can be improved by modifying the weighting factors according to environment, acclimation, and type of clothing. Received: 6 February 1995/Accepted: 17 October 1995     

Prediction of rectal temperature by the Questemp II personal heat strain monitor under low and moderate heat stress

This study assessed the use of aural canal temperature measured with the Questemp II personal heat strain monitor (Tq) relative to rectal temperature (Tre) during simulated industrial work in three different wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT). Sixteen subjects performed walking and arm curl exercise at a rate of 300 kcal/hour for 4 hours while wearing Saranex protective coveralls in 18, 23, and 27 degrees C WBGT environments and wearing the Questemp II. Correlations were determined between Tre and Tq for the three conditions and for all conditions combined. Pearson r values were 0.48 (18 degrees C WBGT), 0.42 (23 degrees C WBGT), 0.38 (27 degrees WBGT), and 0.50 (all trials). Because a major concern is safe maximum core body temperature, means and standard deviations for differences between Tre and Tq were assessed at peak temperatures to determine the predictability of Tre from Tq solely at these points. Large standard deviations in delta values relative to a small overall tolerable temperature range ruled out the use of Tq in this manner. Based on the current data, aural canal temperature as measured with the Questemp II did not provide an accurate reflection of Tre across time nor at peak core temperatures during low to moderate heat strain.     

L-精氨酸对热应激大鼠血清皮质醇变化的影响

目的 观察补充L-精氨酸对热应激大鼠血清皮质醇含量的变化，探讨L-精氨酸对热应激胸腺具有保护作用的可能机制。方法 青春期雄性SD大鼠，随机分为对照组、L-精氨酸灌胃组、维生素E饲料组，观察各组常温和41℃应激1，2h后及热应激后0，4，8h3个时间点的血清皮质醇的变化。结果 (1)高温应激后各组血清皮质醇含量均明显升高，其中热应激后4h升到最高，补充L-精氨酸组明显低于未补充组；(2)补充适量L-精氨酸可减轻热应激大鼠胸腺和脾脏的急性萎缩。结论 适量的L-精氨酸能够抑制热应激引起的血清皮质醇含量的显著升高及减小胸腺和脾脏指数，适量的L-精氨酸对热应激大鼠胸腺具有明显的保护作用，可以增强机体的免疫力。     

环境温度对实验外科犬中心体温的影响

目的:观察环境温度对实验犬麻醉期间中心体温的影响。方法:对30例行盲肠切除术的实验犬围手术期中心体温及环境温度实施动态监测。结果:不同环境温度下的实验犬中心体温变化不同。结论:环境温度直接影响实验动物术中中心体温。     

Prenatal ethanol exposure alters core body temperature and corticosterone rhythms in adult male rats.

Ethanol's effects on the developing brain include alterations in morphology and biochemistry of the hypothalamus. To examine the potential functional consequences of ethanol's interference with hypothalamic differentiation, we studied the long-term effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on basal circadian rhythms of core body temperature (CBT) and heart rate (HR). We also examined the late afternoon surge in corticosterone (CORT). Core body temperature and HR rhythms were studied in separate groups of animals at 4, 8, and 20 months of age. The normal late afternoon rise in plasma CORT was examined in freely moving male rats at 6 months of age via an indwelling right atrial cannula. Results showed that the CBT circadian rhythm exhibited an earlier rise after the nadir of the rhythm in fetal alcohol-exposed (FAE) males at all ages compared to controls. At 8 months of age, the amplitude of the CBT circadian rhythm in FAE males was significantly reduced to the level observed in controls at 20 months. No significant effects of prenatal ethanol exposure were observed on basal HR rhythm at any age. The diurnal rise in CORT secretion was blunted and prolonged in 6-month-old FAE males compared to controls. Both control groups exhibited a robust surge in CORT secretion around the onset of the dark phase of the light cycle, which peaked at 7:30 p.m. Whereas FAE males exhibited a linear rise beginning in mid afternoon, which peaked at 9:30 p.m. These results indicate that exposure to ethanol during the period of hypothalamic development can alter the long-term regulation of circadian rhythms in specific physiological systems.     

An evaluation of heat stress indices (ISO 7243, ISO/DIS 7933) in the prediction of heat strain in unacclimated men

Summary The ISO 7243 heat stress standard based on the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) heat stress index and the analytical standard proposal ISO/DIS 7933 were evaluated in eight physically trained and eight untrained, unacclimated men during prolonged light exercise carried out while wearing industrial work clothing. The exercise tests were done in a thermoneutral (20°C/40%), a warm humid (30°C/80% humidity), and a hot dry (40°C/20% humidity) environment. Both of the standards were effective in predicting the excessive thermal strain observed in the dry and humid heat (WBGT, 28°C). In dry heat, neither of the standards took into account the higher sweating capacities of the physically trained men. The large inter-individual variability in the physiological responses to heat stress questioned the calculations of definite allowable exposure times (ISO/DIS 7933).     

Evaluation of heat stress and heat strain among employees working outdoors in an extremely hot environment

A heat stress evaluation was conducted among employees engaged in strenuous work in an extremely hot outdoor environment. Environmental conditions that contribute to heat stress along with various physiological indicators of heat strain were monitored on a task-basis for nine employees daily across four workdays. Employees performed moderate to heavy tasks in elevated environmental conditions for longer periods of time than recommended by various heat stress exposure limits. Seven of nine employees showed evidence of excessive heat strain according to criteria yet all employees were able to self-regulate task duration and intensity to avoid heat-related illness.     

Microbial adhesion capacity. Influence of shear and temperature stress

Environmental parameters dictate the conditions for both biofilm formation and deconstruction. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of hydrodynamic and thermodynamic effects on bacterial detachment. Escherichia coli grown on two stainless steel metal surfaces with different roughness (brushed with roughness of 0.05 μm and electropolished with roughness of 0.29 μm) are exposed to laminar and turbulent (shower) flows of phosphate buffered saline media at temperatures of 8, 20 and 37 °C. Results show that the turbulent flow removes significantly more bacterial cells than laminar flow (p <0.05) on both materials. This indicates that the shear force determines the rate of detached bacteria. It is also observed that detachment of cells is more efficient on brushed than on electropolished contact surfaces because on the latter surface, fewer cells were attached before exposure. Moreover, we demonstrate that the temperature of the washing agent has an impact on bacterial detachment. At the same flow conditions, the exposure to higher temperature results in greater detachment rate.     

Effects of social comparisons with peers on women's body satisfaction and exercise behavior

OBJECTIVE: Although exposure to thin-ideal females in the media has been shown to increase women's body dissatisfaction, only a few studies have examined the effects of comparisons with peers, and no prior work has studied the effects of peer comparisons in a naturalistic setting or on objective behavior. METHOD: Female undergraduates (n = 45) in a campus gym who exercised on a target apparatus were assigned to have a fit-peer, unfit-peer, or no-peer (control) exercise within their view on a nearby apparatus. Objective time spent exercising and body satisfaction reports were collected. RESULTS: Exposure to a fit peer had undermining effects on women's body satisfaction and exercise duration, whereas an unfit peer produced no compensating greater body satisfaction but did elicit longer exercise duration relative to controls. CONCLUSION: Incidental comparisons with fit versus unfit peers can affect women's body satisfaction and fitness-related behavior in a naturalistic setting.     

早期营养减轻湿热复合创伤后应激的研究

目的　高温高湿创伤复合应激条件下超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)、一氧化氮 (NO)和醛固酮(ALD)的变化规律 ,为提高部队应对应激反应的能力提供实验依据。方法　 (1)湿热创伤对照组动物以去离子水灌胃1周 ,造成背部浅Ⅱ°烫伤 ,置于仿真模拟气候舱 [干球温度 (37± 0 5 )℃ ,相对湿度 (6 5± 5 ) % ]1～ 2h ,每组各分为热应激 1,2 ,4 ,10h 4个时相点 ;(2 )湿热创伤给药组 ,给予维生素C、L -精氨酸、维生素E组成的复合营养素灌胃 1周 ,创伤和湿热、时相点处理同 (1)。结果　对照组和给药组血浆SOD、MDA含量变化的有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;对照组1h与对照组其余各时相点及给药组各时相点血浆NO、血清ALD含量比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　早期肠道营养对于减轻应激、保护器官及预防并发症的发生有重要意义     

热应激蛋白保护肺泡巨噬细胞抵抗石英尘毒作用的研究

采用体外热应激的方法观察了ＨＳＰｓ对培养大鼠ＡＭ的保护作用。结果ＨＳＰｓ水平增加可保护ＡＭ抵抗石英尘毒作用，表现在ＡＭ细胞存活率明显提高，而ＭＤＡ含量及培养上清液ＬＤＨ活性明显下降。提高ＡＭＨＳＰｓ水平，可能为保护和促进肺清除功能，预防矽肺等肺部疾病的发生发展提供一条新的途径     

Moderate-Intensity Intermittent Work in the Heat Results in Similar Low-Level Dehydration in Young and Older Males

Older individuals may be more susceptible to the negative thermal and cardiovascular consequences of dehydration during intermittent work in the heat. This study examined the hydration, thermal, and cardiovascular responses to intermittent exercise in the heat in 14 Young (Y, Mean ± SE; 25.8 ± 0.8 years), Middle-age (MA, 43.6 ± 0.9 years), and Older (O, 57.2 ± 1.5 years) healthy, non-heat acclimated males matched for height, mass, body surface area, and percent body fat. Rectal temperature (T_re), heart rate (HR), local sweat rate (LSR), and hydration indices were measured during 4 × 15-min moderate to heavy cycling bouts at 400 W heat production, each followed by a 15-min rest period, in Warm/Dry (35°C, 20% relative humidity [RH]) and Warm/Humid (35°C, 60% RH) heat. No differences were observed between the age groups for T_re, T_re change, HR, LSR, mass change, urine specific gravity, and plasma protein concentration in either condition, irrespective of the greater level of thermal and cardiovascular strain experienced in the Warm/Humid environment. Plasma volume changes (Dry Y: ?5.4 ± 0.7, MA: ?6.2 ± 0.9, O: ?5.7 ± 0.9%, Humid Y: ?7.3 ± 1.0, MA: ?7.9 ± 0.8, O: ?8.4 ± 1.0%) were similar between groups, as were urine specific gravity and plasma protein concentrations. Thus, physically active Young, Middle-age, and Older males demonstrate similar hydration, thermal, and cardiovascular responses during moderate- to high-intensity intermittent exercise in the heat.     

急性热应激联合创伤对兔血浆一氧化氮及平均动脉压的影响

目的：探讨急性热应激复合创伤后血浆一氧化氮（NO）早期变化及其对血压的可能影响。方法：建立兔急性热应激复合创伤模型,按不同时间取血测定NO含量,全程监测血压变化。结果：急性热应激创伤后1h左右兔血浆NO浓度下降,尔后升高,在高温和创伤条件下平均动脉压（MAP）亦于1h左右降至最低点,继之有一个短暂的回升,尔后迅速下降。结论：急性热应激复合创伤兔早期血浆NO浓度是先降低后升高,且与MAP的变化有一定关系。     

苯中毒与热应激蛋白抗体关系的研究

为了探讨苯中毒与热应激蛋白抗体水平的关系．采用Cometassay和Westerblot等方法对不同浓度苯接触的工人进行了外周血白细胞计数、血红蛋白、血清超氧化物酶活性、淋巴细胞DNA损伤、热应激蛋白（HSP）27、60、71和90抗体进行了测定。结果发现：苯中毒工人血浆中HSP71抗体高发生率与其白细胞减少、血红蛋白降低、血清SOD活性和淋巴细胞DNA损伤增加是相联系的。这些结果表明HSP71抗体可能参与了苯中毒的发生和作为苯中毒监测指标的可能性。     

The role of acculturative stress and body dissatisfaction in predicting bulimic symptomatology across ethnic groups

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the interactive effects of acculturative stress and body dissatisfaction in prediction of bulimic symptoms, particularly in non-White females. METHOD: We administered questionnaires to White, Black, and Hispanic females on acculturative stress, body dissatisfaction, and bulimic symptoms. RESULTS: Our results show that among minority women who report low levels of acculturative stress, body dissatisfaction and bulimia were not correlated. However, among minority women who reported high levels of acculturative stress, body dissatisfaction and bulimia were highly and significantly correlated. DISCUSSION: The combination of acculturative stress and body dissatisfaction may render minority women more vulnerable to bulimic symptoms; the absence of acculturative stress among minority women may buffer them against bulimic symptoms, even in the presence of body dissatisfaction.     

农村女性超重肥胖体质指数与体脂率法评价比较

目的 采用WHO体脂率标准评价中国现行体质指数诊断超重和肥胖标准的准确性。方法 于2013年5-7月横断面调查河北省玉田县648名18~59岁中青年农村女性,采用标准方法测量人体学指标,生物电阻抗法测量体脂率(BF%);体质指数(BMI)参照《中国成人超重和肥胖预防控制指南》,体脂率参照WHO标准。结果 调查对象平均BMI为(24.74±3.97) kg/m²,平均体脂率为(28.54±7.04)%;依据体脂率(>35%)和BMI(≥28.0 kg/m²)标准,调查对象肥胖检出率分别为18.98%和20.06%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以体脂率30%为超重标准,BMI 24 kg/m²的灵敏度和特异度分别为87.38和79.06%,诊断一致性(Kappa值)为0.66;以体脂率35%为肥胖标准,BMI 28 kg/m²的灵敏度和特异度分别为71.54和92.00%,Kappa值为0.62。BMI与体脂率呈二次曲线关系(R²=0.614,P<0.001)。结论 《中国成人超重和肥胖预防控制指南》推荐的超重和肥胖标准与WHO体脂率超重和肥胖标准的准确度和诊断一致性均较好。     

A survey of exposure to and urinary excretion of vanadium and response to heat stress in boiler cleaners working in Scotland

Between July and November 1991, 24/31 boiler cleaners working on six oil‐fired boilers of varying sizes provided periodic samples of urine which was analysed for its vanadium content. Eight of these men also had their heart rate and body temperature monitored The dust, its vanadium and nickel content and thermal aspects of the workplace environment were assessed using standard occupational hygiene techniques. Urinary excretion of vanadium depended on length of exposure, method of cleaning and vanadium content of the ash. Thus high amounts (270.1 μg l^‐1, median 77.4 μg l^‐1) were observed during ‘dry’ cleaning, when eight hour time weighted average dust and vanadium levels of up to 357 and 88.7 mg m^‐3 respectively were found when the ash had a vanadium content of 15%. Nickel comprised 4.64%. Although ‘wet’ methods produced much lower levels, extremely high short term exposures could still occur ‐ 210 mg m^‐3 and 15.2 mg m^‐3 for dust and vanadium during a 10 min period ‐ emphasising the need for adequate personal protective equipment. Even under conditions of heat stress, core temperatures always stayed within safe limits, and maximum predicted heart rates were rarely exceeded ‐ the greatest excursion in any of those monitored was for only 2.8% of the working day.     

骨科护理单元无接触式体温实时监控在防控新型冠状病毒肺炎中的应用研究

分析无接触式体温实时监控在骨科护理单元防控新型冠状病毒性肺炎(COVID-19)中的应用效果.选取医院骨科病区的陪护人员共509人次,根据所在病区分为观察组(249人)和对照组(260人),观察组采用UWatch手表无接触式体温实时监控;对照组采用常规病区出、入口体温监控,记录发热人员检出情况、发热报警情况、报警成功率...