MSCT数字减影血管造影在颅内动脉瘤的临床应用

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)数字减影血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的临床应用价值.方法:回顾分析35例可疑颅内动脉瘤患者,应用MSCT数字减影血管造影进行颅内动脉成像,全部患者均进行了手术确诊或DSA检查,并将两种检查结果进行比较.结果:全部患者中手术及DSA造影共检出动脉瘤43个,采用数字减影CTA共检出40个,漏检3个,未检出3个均为颅内(1个为多发)微小动脉瘤,敏感性为93.0%.常规CTA检出动脉瘤36个,漏检7个,未检出中4个为颈内动脉入颅段(床突下)动脉瘤,3个为微小动脉瘤,敏感性为83.7%.结论:MSCT数字减影血管造影术是一种安全、无创的新型检查方法,对靠近颈内动脉入颅段(床突下)的动脉瘤检出方面具有较高的特异性及敏感性,在颅内动脉瘤的初步筛选及评价方面具有较高的临床应用价值.     

数字减影和常规CTA在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的对照研究

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)数字减影和常规血管造影术在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析本院56例可疑颅内动脉瘤患者,应用MSCT数字减影和常规血管造影术(简称减影和常规CTA)进行颅内动脉成像检查,全部患者均进行了手术确诊或DSA检查,并将两种检查结果进行比较。结果:全部患者中手术及DSA造影共检出动脉瘤65个,采用数字减影CTA共检出61个,敏感性为93.8%。常规CTA检出动脉瘤54个,敏感性为83.1%。结论:MSCT数字减影血管造影术是一种安全、无创的新型检查方法,具有较高的特异性及敏感性,明显优于常规CTA检查。     

数字减影CT血管成像对颅内小动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的：评价数字减影 CT 血管成像(DSCTA)在颅内小动脉瘤诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析92例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)或手术确诊为颅内动脉瘤患者的临床及 CT 影像资料,比较 DSCTA 和常规 CT 血管成像(CTA)2种技术对颅内动脉瘤检测的准确性。结果92例患者经证实共有102个动脉瘤,DSCTA 检出其中100个,常规 CTA 检出其中89个(χ2=8.707,P =0.003)。DSCTA 漏诊海绵窦段和床突下段动脉瘤各1例,而常规 CTA 漏诊13例床突下段及海绵窦段与颅骨紧贴<5.0 mm 的小动脉瘤。进一步将<3.0 mm 和3.0~5.0 mm 的动脉瘤合并计算,DSCTA 对检出5.0 mm 以下动脉瘤的敏感性显著高于常规CTA 技术(χ2=8.393,P =0.004)。结论DSCTA 对颅内动脉瘤诊断优于常规 CTA,尤其对颅底毗邻小动脉瘤的诊断有明显的优势,可作为筛查和诊断颅内动脉瘤的首选检查技术。     

64层3D-CTA与3D-DSA对颅内动脉瘤评价的对比研究

目的 对比评价64层螺旋CT三维血管造影(3D-CTA)与三维数字减影血管造影(3D-DSA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法 28例临床怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者均行64层螺旋CT血管造影和DSA,CT三维后处理主要包括容积重建(VR)及最大密度投影(MIP).常规二维DSA检查后,对可疑病变血管行旋转DSA检查,应用三维工作软件行3D后处理,比较3D-CTA与3D-DSA对动脉瘤显示的价值.结果 28例病例中22例CTA和DSA均显示动脉瘤并经手术或栓塞证实,其中1例CTA和DSA显示单个动脉瘤,手术证实为2个动脉瘤,1例CTA显示假阳性.3D-CTA与3D-DSA均能清楚显示动脉瘤形状、瘤径指向、瘤体直径、瘤颈、载瘤动脉、瘤体穿动脉情况,两者无明显差异.结论 64层3D-CTA在颅内动脉瘤诊断及细节显示上与3D-DSA无明显差异,一定程度上应能替代血管造影,指导临床治疗.     

多层螺旋CT三维血管成像在颅内动脉瘤评价中的初步应用--与DSA的对比研究

目的通过与数字减影血管造影(DSA)的对比研究,初步探讨三维CT血管成像(3D—CTA)在颅内动脉瘤评价中的应用价值。资料与方法对24例临床疑有颅内动脉瘤患者进行3D—CTA和DSA。3D—CTA后处理技术包括多平面重建(MPR)、最大信号强度投影(MIP)以及容积重建(VRT)。3D—CTA和DSA分别由相互独立的放射科医师实施和诊断,分别记录动脉瘤的位置、大小、形态以及与周围动脉分支等的关系。同时调查神经外科医师及患者对两种影像手段的认可度。结果3D—CTA发现13例15个动脉瘤,遗漏1个直径1．2mm的动脉瘤,发现的最小动脉瘤长径为1.8mm。DSA发现14例16个动脉瘤。CTA在显示瘤颈以及相邻骨质结构上明显优于DSA,而DSA空间分辨率较高。神经外科医师多认为CTA可以用作颅内动脉瘤的筛查和术前评估,而DSA仍是金标准。患者对CTA的接受度较高。结论3D—CTA是检查颅内动脉瘤高度敏感的无创影像手段,它可以作为颅内动脉瘤筛查和术前评估的首选技术。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法:对36例蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的动脉瘤疑似患者均行多层螺旋CT血管造影检查和数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,将两种检查结果进行对照分析、比较优缺点,CTA后处理采用容积再现(VRT)、最大密度投影(MIP)和表面覆盖法(SSD)。CTA重建采用0.75mm层厚、0.7mm层间隔,延迟扫描时间采用提前监控、静脉团注法。两位放射专家用盲法分析CTA、DSA资料,对颅内动脉瘤作出诊断。结果:36例SAH病例中,CTA发现32例37个动脉瘤,包括前交通动脉瘤15个、大脑前动脉瘤2个、后交通支9个、颈内动脉4个、大脑中动脉主干5个、基底动脉2个,其中1例CTA检查为颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤,直径<3mm,DSA检查为阴性,其余均经DSA证实。4例SAH病例CTA、DSA检查均为阴性。CTA能够清晰显示瘤体、瘤颈、载瘤动脉及毗邻关系,其敏感性为94.5%。动脉瘤直径大于3.0mm者,CTA、DSA检查结果基本一致。CTA以VRT重建效果最佳。结论:CTA对于动脉瘤疑似患者是一种安全、无创伤的检查技术,能够精确显示动脉瘤的空间关系,可作为颅内动脉瘤首选的诊断方法。     

16层螺旋CT血管成像在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值.方法:对临床疑诊为颅内动脉瘤16例患者行CTA检查,其中8例同期行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查.原始图像重建采用最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现技术(VR).结果:16例患者经CTA检出动脉瘤17个.1例患者为多发动脉瘤(2个),15例为单发动脉瘤.瘤体以圆形或卵圆形居多(13个),也可以显示为肾形(2个)、葫芦形(1个)和串蛛状(1个).瘤体最大直径18 mm,最小直径1.5 mm.8例行DSA检查的患者中,7例DSA所见与CTA结果一致,1例DSA漏诊1个动脉瘤.结论:16层CTA检出动脉瘤准确率高,快速、无创,可以作为诊断动脉瘤首选影像学方法,尤其适合于急诊情况下,并能补充DSA诊断信息.     

CTA与MRA诊断动脉瘤及评估动脉瘤破裂风险的比较

 目的 比较CT血管造影术(CT angiography,CTA)与磁共振血管造影(magnetic resonance angiography,MRA)诊断动脉瘤与动脉瘤破裂的风险评估价值。方法 48例高度怀疑为颅内动脉瘤患者随机分为两组,每组24例,记为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,其中Ⅰ组行CTA+DSA检查,Ⅱ组行MRA+DSA检查。比较CTA及MRA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率。比较CTA及MRA对5 mm以上动脉瘤的诊断价值。结果 MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率较CTA稍低,但二者差异无统计学意义。CTA与三维增强MR血管成像(3D CE-MRA)对5 mm以上动脉瘤的诊断能力相当,但与三维时间飞跃法MR血管成像(3D TOF MRA)相比,CTA与CE-MRA的诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CTA能更清楚地显示瘤颈。结论 CTA和MRA可作为诊断动脉瘤与动脉瘤破裂的风险评估的首要手段,CTA诊断的准确率及三维形态高于MRA。     

64层螺旋CT与数字减影血管造影对颅内动脉瘤诊断的比较

目的 通过64层螺旋CT的CT血管造影(CTA)及CT数字减影血管造影(CTDSA)技术与数字减影血管造影(DSA)的比较研究,评价64层螺旋CT在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 26例临床怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者实施64层CT和DSA检查,对64层CT图像进行了CTA和DSCTA两种方式的后处理。CTA后处理技术包括容积再现(VR),最大密度投影(MIP)和多平面重建(MPR),在CTA图像基础上用增强数据逐层减去平扫数据,自动去除骨与脑组织,获得CTDSA影像。比较3种技术(DSA、CTA和CTDSA)的特征。结果 26例可疑患者中,DSA和CTDSA发现31个动脉瘤,CTA发现29个动脉瘤。CTA漏掉的2个动脉瘤,直径小于3mm。结论 CTDSA是检查颅内动脉瘤的高度敏感的影像学方法,具有与DSA相当的价值。     

全脑血管CT血管成像 数字减影血管造影检查和介入栓塞治疗在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断和治疗价值

目的探讨全脑血管CT血管成像（CTA）、数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查及介入栓塞治疗在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断和治疗价值。方法回顾性分析我院26例颅内动脉瘤病例的CTA与DSA资料,其中14例接受颅内动脉瘤的介入栓塞治疗。结果 CTA和DSA在颅内动脉瘤检出情况无明显差异;就显示动脉瘤大小,形态及其载瘤动脉和周围血管方面DSA检查优于CTA检查。14例动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗患者中无1例死亡,术后行DSA血管造影显示动脉瘤完全栓塞;2例术中出现血管痉挛,使用药物后缓解。结论CTA可以作为筛选颅内动脉瘤的首选检查方法,DSA在观察动脉瘤附近重要的穿支动脉血管方面明显优于CTA;介入栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是安全有效的,可以明显减少动脉瘤再次破裂出血,改善预后。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）