外科学

20061172老年患者术后谵妄危险因素分析/张永乐…∥中国全科医学·-2006,9(9)·-717～718对60～88岁169例手术的年龄、性别、低氧血症、术后疼痛、睡眠时间减少等发生情况行单因素及多因素分析。结果:169例共发生术后谵妄20例(11·8%)。≥70岁、术中与术后发生低氧血症者、术后     

老年患者硬膜外麻醉术后出现谵妄的因素分析

目的探讨老年病人硬膜外麻醉术后谵妄的影响因素。方法回顾性分析我院518例行硬膜外麻醉手术的老年病人临床资料,对术后发生谵妄的病例研究其影响因素。结果术后发生谵妄60例,发生率11.6%,与其年龄、低氧血症、低血压、睡眠状况、疼痛和使用的药物有关。结论围术期应给予高龄患者特别关注,预防低氧血症、低血压,改善睡眠状况,良好的术后镇痛及慎用药物对预防术后谵妄有积极意义。     

高血压脑出血患者术后谵妄的相关因素分析

【摘要1目的探究影响高血压脑出血患者术后谵妄的因素,为采取针对性的预防干预措施提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析我院神经外科2011年6月至2013年6月住院治疗的235例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料,根据患者术后有无发生谵妄将患者分为对照组（5l例）和观察组（184例）,采用描述性分析和二分类Logistic回归分析找出其术后谵妄发生的影响因素。结果高血压脑出血患者术后谵妄51例,其发生率为21．70％。单因素分析结果显示观察组与对照组患者在年龄、营养不良、机械通气、脑出血量、GCS评分、手术时间、术后疼痛程度、术后低氧血症、术后电解质紊乱方面比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;多因素Logistic回归分析示高龄、术后低氧血症和术后疼痛明显是高血压脑出血术后谵妄发生的危险因素。结论高血压脑出血患者术后谵妄发生率较高,其发生受多方面因素的影响。     

老年患者发生术后ICU谵妄的原因分析及护理体会

目的：探讨老年患者术后在ICU出现谵妄的相关因素及对该病的诊治与护理措施。方法。对2008年10月—2013年9月48例术后ICU发生谵妄患者的临床与护理资料进行回顾性分析。结果：所有患者经治疗与有效的护理均痊愈。结论：手术应激、疼痛刺激、睡眠剥夺、低氧血症、环境因素、低蛋白血症、药物及感染等因素患者术后发生ICU谵妄的危险因素,故良好的术前准备和术后精心护理,是预防和治疗术后ICU谵妄的关键。     

老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的危险因素分析及护理策略

目的 探讨老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的危险因素及护理对策。 方法 选择衢州市人民医院2016年1月—2018年9月间收治的74例老年髋部骨折术后谵妄的患者为谵妄组，198例老年髋部骨折术后未发生谵妄的患者为未谵妄组。对2组患者性别、既往谵妄病史、入院前使用抗精神病药物、助听器使用、骨折类型、术前准备不充分、吸入麻醉、手术时间、术后有无低氧血症、术后发生剧烈疼痛等情况进行统计，并采用单因素和多因素分析确定老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的危险因素。 结果 单因素显示既往谵妄病史、入院前使用抗精神病药物、助听器使用、骨折类型、术前准备不充分、吸入麻醉、手术时间长、术后有低氧血症、术后发生剧烈疼痛是老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的危险因素。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:既往谵妄病史、入院前使用抗精神病药物、助听器使用、骨折类型、术前准备不充分、吸入麻醉、手术时间长、术后有低氧血症、术后发生剧烈疼痛是老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的独立危险因素。 结论 既往谵妄病史、入院前使用抗精神病药物、助听器使用、骨折类型、术前准备不充分、吸入麻醉、手术时间长、术后有低氧血症、术后发生剧烈疼痛是老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的危险因素，临床中要重视危险因素，做好治疗和护理，预防术后谵妄的发生。      

高血压脑出血术后谵妄发生情况和影响因素分析

目的探讨高血压脑出血术后谵妄发生情况和影响因素。方法采用自编问卷收集我院神经外科2011年3月至2013年3月收治的208例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料,利用SPSS19.0统计软件对收集到的数据进行描述性分析和二分类Logistic回归分析以找出高血压脑出血术后谵妄发生情况和影响因素。结果血压脑出血术后谵妄发生率为22.60%。单因素Logistic回归分析示高龄、GCS评分高、急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分（APACHEⅡ）高、术后疼痛程度、术后低氧血症、糖尿病是高血压脑出血术后谵妄发生的危险因素,多因素Logistic回归分析示高龄、术后低氧血症和术后疼痛明显是高血压脑出血术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。结论高血压脑出血谵妄发生率较高,其发生受多方面因素影响。     

全麻苏醒期谵妄的原因分析及护理措施

目的 探讨全麻苏醒期谵妄的原因及护理措施.方法 回顾性分析34例全麻患者苏醒期发生谵妄的临床资料,并提出相应的护理措施.结果 苏醒期谵妄的发生与高龄、术前焦虑、手术创伤、术后疼痛、低氧血症、麻醉药物等因素相关.结论 做好患者的心理护理、纠正围术期低氧血症、减少手术创伤、优选麻醉药物、采取有效镇痛、加强监测和安全护理可以减少苏醒期谵妄的发生率,降低苏醒期谵妄的危害性.     

护理干预预防老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析评价护理干预对老年髋部骨折术后谵妄的预防效果。方法 计算机检索国内外关于护理干预预防老年髋部骨折术后谵妄的RCT,运用Rev Man 5.3软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入24篇文献,包括患者3715例。Meta分析结果显示:与常规护理相比,护理干预可降低髋部骨折术后谵妄发生率和严重程度,增加患者满意度,延长睡眠时间,提高睡眠质量,降低术后疼痛,使患者下床时间提前;还不能缩短住院时间,降低谵妄持续时间、术后低氧血症发生率和住院死亡率。结论 护理干预可降低髋部骨折术后谵妄发生率及严重程度,其效果优于常规护理。     

老年病人术后谵妄因素的初步探讨

目的：探讨老年患者麻醉手术后发生谵妄的影响因素。方法：对1999年8月－2001年4月的496例老年手术病人进行回顾性分析统计。结果：术后谵妄58例，发生率为11．7％。其ASAⅢ级、低氧血症、术后疼痛的病例较非谵妄病例高，P＜0．05。结论：改善患者一般状况，围术期充分吸氧，良好的术后镇痛对预防术后谵妄有积极意义。     

我国老年患者术后谵妄危险因素的系统评价

目的 探讨我国老年患者术后谵妄的危险因素,为临床制定干预措施提供依据。方法 检索万方数据资源系统、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普信息资源系统（VIP）,收集建库至2013年12月公开发表的关于老年患者术后谵妄危险因素研究文献,按纳入和剔除标准进行筛选,采用RevMan 5.2软件对病例对照文献进行Meta分析,对病例总结文献统计各危险因素的发生率。结果 共纳入16篇文献,其中病例对照8篇,病例总结8篇。病例对照文献累计病例353例、对照2 008例。老年术后谵妄各因素合并OR值（95%CI）分别为：低氧血症2.58（1.59,4.18）、合并肺部感染4.76（1.36,16.67）、合并高血压2.16（1.20,3.89）、合并冠心病1.50（0.82,2.73）、术后疼痛3.18（1.63,6.20）、全身麻醉3.64（0.94,14.11）、手术时间32.30（-37.67,102.27）、高龄（≥70岁）0.99（-0.46,2.45）。Meta分析结果显示,低氧血症、合并肺部感染、合并高血压、术后疼痛是老年患者术后谵妄的危险因素（P＜0.05）。病例总结文献累计病例共404例,其中低氧血症、合并高血压的发生率较高,分别为62.6%（253例）、55.9%（226例）。结论 术前合并高血压、肺部感染,术后低氧血症、疼痛是老年患者术后谵妄的危险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.