老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉病变与动态脉压指数

目的 探讨老年原发性高血压（EH）患者颈动脉病变与动态脉压指数（PPI）的相关性。方法 对103例老年EH患者行颈动脉超声和动态血压测定，PPI=24h脉压（PP）均值／24h收缩压（SBP）均值，按PPI值分为A组（PPI〈0．40，n=15）、B组（PPI：0．40～0．49，n=48）、C组（PPI≥0．50，n=40）3组，观察各组颈动脉内膜中膜厚度（IMT）的水平。结果 B组IMT[（0．15±0．07）mm]水平高于A组[（0．12±0．04）mm，P〈0．05]，C组IMT[（0．16±0．05）mm]水平高于B组（P〈0．05），并显著高于A组（P〈0．01），随着PPI逐渐增大，IMT明显增加（P〈0．05）；老年EH患者颈动脉内膜增厚的发生与PP及PPI相关（P〈0．05）；Logistic回归分析显示，在矫正总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血尿酸、SBP、DBP与PP后，PPI仍然是颈动脉内膜中膜厚度增厚主要决定因素（P=0．009）。结论 老年EH患者PPI和PP与颈动脉病变呈正相关，PPI是老年EH患者颈动脉病变发生发展的一个重要的独立危险因素。     

老年高血压患者脉压指数与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度的相关性

目的:探讨老年高血压患者脉压指数(PPI)与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)的相关性.方法:选取104例老年(年龄≥60岁)高血压患者,多普勒超声仪测定IMT,据其分为IMT正常组、IMT增厚组和斑块形成组三组,收集一般临床资料,计算PPI.结果:IMT增厚组及斑块形成组收缩压(SBP)、脉压(PP)、PPI、TC、LD...     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者脉压与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度的关系

目的对新诊断2型糖尿病患者血压及脉压水平与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)的关系进行分析,以期为2型糖尿病患者预防早期心脑血管疾病提供临床依据。方法对中国糖尿病并发症防治研究——CDCPSⅠ期及Ⅱ期研究中1567例新诊断2型糖尿病患者(年龄30～70岁,其中女性698例,40.9%)行B超检查测量颈动脉IMT,并通过对血压的测量,分析血压及不同脉压(PP)对颈动脉IMT的影响,同时分析内膜增厚组(IMT≥0.8 mm)与内膜正常组(IMT<0.8 mm)血压和PP水平有无差异结果(1)合并高血压组与不合并高血压组比较,颈动脉IMT显著增厚[高血压组(0.76±0.15)mm,非高血压组(0.74±0.14)mm,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0006)]。(2)直线相关分析发现,颈动脉IMT与年龄(r=0.19548)、BMI(r=0.07252)、LDL(r=0.06523)、SBP(r=0.11173)、DBP(r=0.05962)、PP(r=0.10592)显著正相关(均为P<0.05)。(3)以PP 50mm Hg为界限将患者分为两组,脉压≥50mm Hg组颈动脉IMT(0.77±0.14)mm较脉压<50mm Hg组(0.74±0.15)mm显著增厚(P=0.0006);即使在非高血压患者,脉压≥50mm Hg组的颈动脉IMT(0.75±0.14)mm较脉压<50 mm Hg组(0.73±0.14)mm也有增厚(P=0.046);在<60岁的患者脉压≥50 mm Hg组的颈动脉IMT(0.75±0.15)mm较脉压<50 mm Hg组(0.73±0.14)mm也有显著增厚(P=0.008)(4)颈动脉IMT≥0.8 mm组SBP、PP均较IMT<0.8 mm组显著升高(P值分别为0.001和0.002),而两组间DBPIMT增厚组(78 2±9.8)mm Hg,正常组(79.1±10.0)mm Hg]差异无统计学意义(P=0.075)。结论在新诊断的2型糖尿病患者,PP与颈动脉IMT的正相关性与SBP相近,而强于DBP。对于PP≥50mm Hg的患者要尽早行颈动脉超声检查测量颈动脉IMT以早期发现可能存在的亚临床动脉粥样硬化性疾病,尽早进行干预治疗。     

原发性高血压患者合并代谢综合征加重血管内皮功能损害

目的 观察代谢综合征对原发性高血压患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)、肱动脉的舒张功能和高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的影响.方法 EH患者148例根据是否合并MS,分为EH 非MS组(79例)和EH MS组(69例),选择同期健康体检者30例为正常对照(对照组),超声测定颈动脉IMT、肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)和非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(NMD),激光散射比浊法测定hsCRP.结果 与EH 非MS组患者比较,EH MS组患者的IMT[(1.0±0.3)VS(0.8±0.2)mm,P<0.01]和hsCRP[(0.9±0.4)vs(0.7±0.3)mg/L,P<0.01]显著增高,FMD[(5.5±4.0)%VS(8.9±3.5)%.P<0.05]和NMD[(13.5±4.1)%vs(20.1±3.9)%vs(26.7±3.3)%,P<0.01]显著降低.多元回归分析研究显示,IMT与收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖和hsCRP相关(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 EH和MS可损害内皮细胞及动脉的舒张功能,促进颈动脉内膜增厚和动脉硬化的发生发展.     

原发性高血压患者合并代谢综合征加重血管内皮功能损害

目的观察代谢综合征对原发性高血压患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)、肱动脉的舒张功能和高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的影响。方法 EH 患者148例根据是否合并 MS,分为 EH+非 MS 组(79例)和 EH+MS 组(69例),选择同期健康体检者30例为正常对照(对照组),超声测定颈动脉 IMT、肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)和非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(NMD),激光散射比浊法测定 hsCRP。结果与 EH+非 MS 组患者比较,EH+MS 组患者的 IMT[(1.0±0.3)vs(0.8±0.2)mm,P<0.01]和 hsCRP[(0.9±0.4)vs(0.7±0.3)mg/L,P<0.01]显著增高,FMD[(5.5±4.0)%vs(8.9±3.5)%,P<0.05]和 NMD[(13.5±4.1)%vs(20.1±3.9)%vs(26.7±3.3)%,P<0.01]显著降低。多元回归分析研究显示,IMT 与收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖和hsCRP 相关(P<0.05或 P<0.01)。结论 EH 和 MS 可损害内皮细胞及动脉的舒张功能,促进颈动脉内膜增厚和动脉硬化的发生发展。     

老年高血压患者vWF与动态血压参数及颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者血管性假血友病因子(vWF)与动态血压各参数及颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系。方法对入选的60例老年高血压患者和30名健康者(对照组)进行动态血压监测(ABPM),颈动脉超声测定IMI、酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测定vWF。同时各组间进行比较及相关性分析。结果老年高血压组I MT为10.95 mm±0.197 mm,vWF为(180.07±15.59)%明显高于对照组的10.80 mm±0.137 mm与(121.00±60.93)%。老年高血压患者v WF水平与颈动脉IMT呈正相关,相关系数为r=0.385,P<0.01。对照组IMT非增厚组和IMT增厚组24 h平均SBP、PP、非杓形血压发生率及v WF水平呈逐渐增高趋势。另外,IMT非增厚组vWF水平(158.00±69.58)%明显高于对照组(121.00±60.93)%。老年高血压患者vWF水平与动态PP和血压节律相关,标准化回归系数分别为0.301和0.445(P<0.01)。结论老年高血压患者早期就存在血管内皮功能失调和凝血激活状态,血管内皮功能损伤的程度与动脉粥样硬化程度呈正相关。在老年高血压患者动态血压各参数中脉压增...     

动态脉压指数与颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度及高敏C反应蛋白的关系

目的探讨脉压指数（PPI）与颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（IMT）及超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的关系。方法纳入2011年5月～2012年7月原发性高血压（EH）患者116例作为高血压组,并按照PPI分为3个亚组（A组：PPI≤0.40,n=39;B组：0.41≤PPI〈0.50,n=41;C组：PPI≥0.50,n=36）;同期纳入健康体检者89例作为对照组。应用全自动免疫散射比浊法检测血清hs-CRP,超声检测IMT,比较不同组颈动脉IMT及hs-CRP水平。结果①高血压组PPI、颈动脉IMT和hs-CRP均高于对照组;②随着PPI的增加,颈动脉IMT随之增加,二者呈正相关（r=0.797,P〈0.001）;③随着PPI的增加,hs-CRP也随之增加,二者呈正相关性（r=0.734,P〈0.001）。结论原发性高血压患者PPI较健康人群高,且PPI与颈动脉IMT和hs-CRP具有相关性。     

高敏C反应蛋白及脉压与老年高血压患者动脉粥样硬化相关性探讨

目的探讨高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及脉压(PP)与老年原发性高血压(EH)患者动脉粥样硬化(AS)的相关性。方法对106例老年EH患者进行hs-CRP浓度测定,同时测量血压,并使用B型超声测定颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及斑块,根据IMT及斑块将患者分为非IMT增厚组(32例)和IMT增厚组(74例),结合hs-CRP及PP对两组患者进行比较和综合分析。结果IMT增厚组hs-CRP及PP显著高于非IMT增厚组(P<0.05,P<0.01),粥样斑块Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级hs-CRP及PP显著高于粥样斑块0级(P<0.05,P<0.01),并且IMT与hs-CRP及PP呈显著正相关,IMT增厚组相关系数分别为0.742和0.638(P<0.05,P<0.01),非IMT增厚组相关系数分别为0.553和0.425(P<0.05,P<0.01),所有患者相关系数分别为0.679和0.538(P<0.05,P<0.01)。进一步行多因素logistic多元回归分析,结果显示,hs-CRP、PP、收缩压与IMT增厚呈正相关。结论血清hs-CRP及PP水平与老年EH患者AS发病密切相关。     

高血压患者脉压、颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度与肿瘤坏死因子α

目的 研究高血压(EH)患者脉压(PP)、颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)的关系及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的关系.方法入选EH 126例,根据PP水平分为≤60、61～89、≥90 mm Hg 3组,测定患者颈动脉IMT、斑块及血浆TNF-α水平.结果 随着PP增大,颈总动脉内径(CCA)、平均颈总动脉IMT及斑块的检出率明显增高(P＜0.05);3组EH患者TNF-α差异具有统计学意义,PP越大血浆TNF-α水平越高(P＜0.01～0.05).直线相关分析颈动脉IMT与PP呈显著相关(r=0.749, P＜0.01),IMT和PP与血浆TNF-α水平密切相关,相关系数分别为0.497、0.412(P＜0.05).结论 PP是EH动脉粥样硬化重要的血压参数,宽PP是影响心脑血管疾病预后的危险因子.TNF-α是促进EH动脉粥样硬化进程重要的细胞因子.     

老年人颈动脉中层内膜厚度与相关心血管因素的探讨

目的通过测定老年人颈动脉中层内膜厚度(IMT)及粥样斑块的程度,分析其与老年人性别,血压和高血压,脑梗死,糖尿病等相关心血管因素的关系。以期在亚临床血管病变阶段给予干预,减缓硬化的进程,减少心血管疾病的并发症。方法1.住院患者男女各100例,年龄60岁至92岁。经B超测定颈动脉IMT和粥样斑块程度,并分为颈动脉IMT正常组即对照组(A组),颈动脉IMT≤1.0mm;颈动脉IMT增厚组(B组),IMT厚度>1.0mm;颈动脉IMT增厚伴一支颈动脉粥样斑块形成组(C组);颈动脉IMT增厚伴二支颈动脉粥样斑块形成组(D组)进行性别比较。2.按病人不同疾病分为高血压病组,脑梗塞病组,糖尿病组,余病人为对照组,比较不同疾病在颈动脉硬化中的差异。3.高血压病人按颈动脉IMT正常为对照组,与颈动脉IMT增厚,粥样斑块形成组比较收缩压(SBP),舒张压(DBP),脉压(PP)了解血压与颈动脉硬化的关系。结果1.老年人颈动脉硬化程度在性别方面无差异。2.在高血压病组,脑梗死病组,糖尿病组与对照组颈动脉硬化程度比较中,高血压病组和脑梗死病组均有明显差异,分别P<0.05,P<0.001;而糖尿病组比较差异无统计学意义。3.在高血压病人中,颈动脉IMT增厚和粥样斑块形成者中的收缩压(SBP)脉压(PP)明显大于颈动脉IMT正常者,分别P<0.05,P<0.001;舒张压(DBP)比较两者无显     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.