Sleep disturbance in family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer

Sleep is a complex process known to be essential for health, well-being, and optimal physical and psychological functioning. Therefore, sleep disturbance may lead to serious consequences. Advanced cancer patients are known to experience a complex constellation of symptoms requiring round-the-clock care. This reality, coupled with the current demographic, social, economic and health policy trends which are shifting palliative care from the hospital to the community setting, will see family members increasingly assuming responsibility for the provision of this care at home. Despite the positive aspects of caregiving, studies report that families experience stress and exhaustion. Given that patient and family constitute the unit of care in palliative care, this area warrants our attention. This article reviews the literature related to family caregivers' disturbed sleep while caring for someone with advanced cancer. What is known and directions for future research will be addressed.     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

Loneliness, depression, and social support of patients with cancer and their caregivers

Loneliness is a significant psychosocial concern for patients with cancer, and depression may be an antecedent to loneliness. To date, no studies have directly addressed the relationship of loneliness, depression, and social support among Turkish patients with cancer and their caregivers. The emotional responses that result from a cancer diagnosis vary and may include anxiety, anger, frustration, or depression. Because of the unexpected demands and emotions thrust on them, the caregivers of patients with cancer may be just as likely to experience loneliness or depression following a cancer diagnosis. As a result, this study sought to examine that relationship among a sample of 60 patients with cancer and 60 caregivers.     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

目的了解癌症患者主要照顾亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关影响因素。方法采用CESD量表、SAS量表及一般情况调查表对106例住院癌症患者的主要照顾亲属进行问卷调查。结果106例癌症患者亲属的抑郁自评分为（18．75±9．06）分,高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;55．7％的亲属存在抑郁症状;焦虑自评分为（33．94±7．09）分,高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;22．6％的亲属存在焦虑症状;患者的配偶和患者躯体症状较多的亲属更易发生焦虑。结论癌症患者的主要照顾亲属存在较严重的焦虑、抑郁情绪,其心理健康状况受多种因素影响,医务人员应积极采取针对性的干预措施,提高患者亲属的心理健康水平。     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

Predictors of depression among wife caregivers

The relationship of caregiver health, past marital adjustment, and received social support to depression was studied in 78 wives who served as primary caregivers to husbands with irreversible memory impairment. In addition, socioeconomic status and attitudes toward seeking help were investigated. The mean age of the wives was 68 years, and the mean length of time they had been caring for their husbands in the home was 4 years, 10 months. Only caregiver health and attitude toward asking for help were significant, p = .001, predictors of depression and accounted for 27% of the total explained variance.     

癌症病人抑郁程度与主要照顾者压力负荷的相关性研究

[目的]研究癌症病人抑郁程度及其主要照顾者压力负荷的相关性,为减轻癌症病人抑郁情绪提供依据.[方法]调查武汉大学人民医院癌症病人及其主要照顾者各73例,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和照顾者压力量表(CBI)分别对癌症病人的抑郁程度和其主要照顾者的压力负荷进行问卷调查.[结果]癌症病人抑郁评分40.47分±8.86分,癌症病人主要照顾者压力负荷总分39.97分±9.43分;主要照顾者5个维度压力从大到小依次为:时间性压力、发展性压力、躯体性压力、社会性压力、情感性压力;癌症病人抑郁程度与其主要照顾者总压力负荷呈正相关(r=0.262,P＜0.05).[结论]癌症病人抑郁情绪发生率明显高于普通人群,其主要照顾者承受着中等负荷压力,并且与主要照顾者压力负荷呈正相关.     

癌症病人抑郁程度与主要照顾者压力负荷的相关性研究

[目的]研究癌症病人抑郁程度及其主要照顾者压力负荷的相关性,为减轻癌症病人抑郁情绪提供依据。[方法]调查武汉大学人民医院癌症病人及其主要照顾者各73例,采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和照顾者压力量表（CBI）分别对癌症病人的抑郁程度和其主要照顾者的压力负荷进行问卷调查。[结果]癌症病人抑郁评分40.47分±8.86分,癌症病人主要照顾者压力负荷总分39.97分±9.43分;主要照顾者5个维度压力从大到小依次为：时间性压力、发展性压力、躯体性压力、社会性压力、情感性压力;癌症病人抑郁程度与其主要照顾者总压力负荷呈正相关（r=0.262,P〈0.05）。[结论]癌症病人抑郁情绪发生率明显高于普通人群,其主要照顾者承受着中等负荷压力,并且与主要照顾者压力负荷呈正相关。     

脑卒中后患者及陪护者抑郁发生因素的1年后社区随访

目的分析影响脑卒中发病后产生抑郁的因素。方法将脑卒中患者及其陪护者(照料患者日常生活的人)分成4组(总数为1048例)。其中423例幸存者中的321例患者和195例陪护者在脑卒中发生后3个月和12个月时以接受和不接受康复活动分组。390例幸存者中的311例患者和184名陪护者于12个月时仍以是否接受康复活动分组。接受为康复组,不接受为对照组。追踪调查2年。结果3个月时康复组患者出现抑郁者少于对照组(差异率0.59),12个月时仍保持差异(差异率0.55);3个月时康复组与对照组的陪护者之间没有明显差异,12个月时结果相同。然而12个月时在对照组中,有比康复组患者更明显的严重抑郁陪护者。结论脑卒中幸存者及其陪护者在3个月时普遍存在抑郁,它的几率在以后的1年中没有下降,康复组比对照组抑郁的发生率低,由此可见参加康复活动是降低脑卒中后抑郁发生率的有效方法。