口服胆囊造影CT诊断胆囊隆起性病变

目的：探讨口服碘番酸胆囊造影ＣＴ（简称ＯＣＣＴ）对良恶性胆囊隆起性病变的诊断作用。材料与方法：分析３８例手术病理证实的胆囊隆起性病变（胆固醇息肉２８例,腺瘤样息肉３例,乳头状瘤１例,腔内型胆囊癌５例和腺瘤恶变１例）的ＯＣＣＴ表现。结果：胆固醇息肉表现为胆囊内多发或单发性颗粒状充盈缺损,直径均≤０．５ｃｍ;腺瘤样息肉和乳头状腺瘤均呈单发结节,直径为０．５５～０．８ｃｍ;腺瘤恶变和腔内型胆囊癌均为体积较大的结节,直径≥１．２ｃｍ。结论：ＯＣＣＴ是诊断胆囊隆起性病变的有效方法之一;病变大小是鉴别良恶性胆囊隆起性病变的有力依据。     

胆囊息肉的CT仿真内窥镜表现与病理分型的关系

目的 :研究胆囊息肉的CT仿真内窥镜 (CTVE)表现与病理类型之间的关系。材料和方法 :选择 3 2例术前行CTVE检查并经手术病理证实为胆囊息肉者 ,比较其病理类型与CTVE表现的关系。结果 :不同病理类型胆囊息肉的数目、大小、形态、部位、基底有无蒂结构CTVE所见均不同。结论 :胆囊息肉的CT仿真内窥镜表现与病理类型密切相关。胆固醇息肉是一种多发于体、颈部有蒂的直径小于 10mm的球型或乳头型息肉 ,炎性息肉是一种无蒂的多发于胆囊体部的球型或不规则型息肉。     

胆囊腺瘤及腺瘤样病变的CT表现与病理对照

目的 探讨胆囊腺瘤(AG)及腺瘤样病变CT表现,以期提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的胆囊AG及腺瘤样病变的CT图像及临床病理特点.结果 15例胆囊AG及腺瘤样病变中,乳头状腺瘤及管状腺瘤各4例,乳头状-管状腺瘤3例,腺瘤样息肉4例.12例单发,2例各2个病灶,1例3个病灶.CT平扫均为软组织密度,外形呈乳头状或椭圆形.病变位于胆囊体部7例,胆囊颈部及胆囊底部各4例.6例AG直径<10.0 mm,9例直径>10.0 mm,内部密度均匀,平扫CT值在30~43 HU之间,增强扫描后CT值在57~120 HU之间.肿瘤内无出血、钙化、囊变.病灶边界清楚,邻近胆囊壁结构完整;增强后动脉期病灶中度或明显均匀强化.6例患者合并胆囊结石.结论 AG及腺瘤样病变的 CT表现具有一定的特征性,增强扫描有助于鉴别肿瘤良恶性.     

口服胆囊造影CT扫描技术和临床应用

目的：探讨口服胆囊造影CT扫描的价值。方法：选择54例患者行胆囊CT平扫是口服碘番酸造影CT扫描。结果：口服碘番酸胆囊造影CT扫描在显示等密度、低密度结石及胆囊息肉、胆囊癌方面具有特征性表现,在胆囊与非胆囊病变的鉴别上具有一定价值,结论：口服磺番酸胆囊造影CT扫描是检查胆囊疾病的有效手段之一,在胆囊病变的诊断及鉴别诊断中有着独特的价值。     

十二指肠单发性充盈缺损的X线诊断(附20例分析)

本文报道20例X线钡餐造影显示十二指肠单发性充盈缺损,经手术及病理证实为异位胰腺2例,结石2例,囊肿1例,腺瘤12例,腺癌3例。其共同的X线表现为单发性圆形或椭圆形充盈缺损,缺损边缘表现常不同,可为光滑、波浪状或不规则。对各类疾病的X线特征及鉴别诊断进行了分析讨论。     

甲状腺良性结节样病变的CT诊断

目的：探讨甲状腺良性结节样病变的CT表现,重点研究CT检查对良性病变定性诊断准确率和鉴别诊断。方法：总结36例经手术病理证实的甲状腺良性结节样病变。甲状腺腺瘤21例,结节性甲状腺腺肿15例,全部病例行CT平扫,21例做增强扫描。结果：甲状腺腺瘤CT诊断与病理符合准确率为95.2%(20/21);结节性甲状腺肿准确为73.3%（11/15）。单发类圆形均匀低密度结节是甲状腺腺瘤的特征性表现,结节性甲状腺肿以多发不规则形混杂密度病灶为特征。结论：CT在甲大辩论腺腺瘤与结节性甲状腺肿的诊断和鉴别诊断上个有较高准确性,但极少数鉴别仍有困难。     

胆囊造影CT的临床应用

目的 探讨胆囊造影ＣＴ对胆囊等或低密度结石、小息肉样病变的诊断价值。材料与方法 分析３０例由造影ＣＴ诊断并经手术病理证实的胆囊等或低密度结石２１例,小息肉样病变９例。结果 常规ＣＴ对１５例等密度结石全部漏诊,６例低密度结石４例漏诊,９例小息肉样病变６例漏诊,而造影ＣＴ对３０例全部确诊。结论 造影ＣＴ对中等或低密度结石、小息肉样病变有很大的诊断价值,弥补了常规ＣＴ的不足。     

输尿管息肉的影像学诊断

目的分析输尿管息肉的影像学表现,提高对输尿管息肉的诊断水平。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的5例单纯输尿管息肉的影像学资料（X线、CT、MRI）。5例患者均行静脉肾盂造影,3例行逆行肾盂造影．2例行CT平扫和增强,2例行MR平扫。结果4例静脉肾盂造影发现病变,表现为管腔内边缘光滑的充盈缺损,1例病变侧肾脏输尿管未显影。3例逆行肾盂造影发现病变。2例CT检查发现增强后期扩张输尿管内低密度充盈缺损。2例MR平扫LWI发现高信号管腔内低信号充盈缺损。结论输尿管息肉的影像学表现具有一定特征性。X线检查是输尿管息肉首选方法．CT、MRI可作为辅助诊断手段,对碘过敏及肾功能不良等不能使用碘对比剂的患者,首选MRI。     

小肠良性肿瘤的临床与X线表现

目的:探讨小肠良性肿瘤的临床X线特点,提高对小肠肿瘤的认识及诊断水平.方法:对经气钡双对比小肠造影发现并经内镜或手术病理证实的小肠良性肿瘤30例进行回顾性分析.结果:良性小肠肿瘤临床症状不典型,本组无症状者5例,有轻重程度不同的腹痛,腹不适,大便潜血等25例.病变发生于十二指肠20例,空肠7例,回肠2例,12指肠-空肠段1例.29例为单发,多发1例.病理上 腺瘤5例,平滑肌瘤11例,绒毛膜管腺瘤4例,脂肪瘤2例,息肉8例.小肠肿瘤向肠腔内呈结节状生长,直径大小0.5～5cm,表现为类圆形或半圆形充盈缺埙,边界光整,粘膜无破坏,不侵犯周围组织,对肠管的生理活动无明显影响,肿瘤带蒂者9例,表面出现小溃疡8例.结论:口服气钡双对比小肠造影是小肠肿瘤诊断和定位的最简单、有效的手段之一,对临床治疗的选择及手术定位能提供最佳帮助.     

十二指肠腺瘤的影像诊断与评价

目的评价CT和低张十二指肠造影(HD)诊断和鉴别诊断十二指肠腺瘤的价值。资料与方法回顾分析6例十二指肠腺瘤的CT和HD表现,对照手术病理所见,对CT、HD在显示病变、定性诊断与鉴别诊断的作用进行评价。结果HD表现为充盈缺损,其中5例边缘光滑,1例边缘欠光滑,3例呈椭圆形与肠道纵轴平行,2例轻度分叶,1例显示蒂部,2例肿瘤可移动,周围黏膜正常,管壁柔软。主要CT征象为腔内肿块,密度均匀,边缘光滑,轻～中度均匀强化。2例壶腹区腺瘤显示胆系轻～中度扩张。结论CT可显示腔内病变及腔外改变。HD观察腔内异常,尤其显示带蒂腺瘤蒂部及位置改变优于CT,且具有诊断特征。二者结合有助于提高诊断正确性。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.