转乳期婴儿不同喂养方式对其碘营养变化的影响

目的了解母乳喂养婴儿及其乳母碘营养水平;动态观察从1个月月龄至6个月月龄转乳期时不同喂养方式对婴儿碘营养的影响.方法对97名1个月月龄母乳喂养婴儿尿碘水平进行测定,同时检测其乳母乳碘、尿碘水平,比较二者关系;动态观察97名婴儿从出生至6个月月龄,按喂养方式分为母乳、混合、人工喂养三组,分别检测比较其尿碘水平,与1个月月龄时尿碘水平进行自身对照比较.结果 1个月月龄母乳喂养婴儿尿碘中位数为183 μg/L,提示碘营养状态良好,乳母尿碘、乳碘中位数分别为122 μg/L、201 μg/L,前者明显低于后者(P＜0.001);6个月月龄尿碘水平与1个月月龄比较,母乳喂养组较前升高,人工喂养组下降(P均<0.001),混合喂养组无明显变化(P＞0.05),3组间差异有显著意义(P＜0.005),母乳及混合喂养组明显高于人工喂养(P均<0.001),母乳喂养组婴儿尿碘中位数最高.结论母乳喂养儿碘营养状态良好,乳母碘营养不足;转乳期婴儿碘营养呈下降趋势,部分人工喂养婴儿存在碘营养不良.     

母乳瘦素与新生儿体格发育的关系

目的:探讨母乳瘦素对新生儿体格发育的影响.方法:选择2007年1月至2009年6月在本院顺产的健康产妇及其新生儿各120名,根据喂养方式分为纯母乳喂养组、混合喂养组和纯配方奶喂养组,测定分娩时脐血及产后第3、28天新生儿血清和母乳瘦素水平,测量新生儿出生时、生后28天体重和身长,并计算Ponderal指数(PI),比较各组瘦素变化及新生儿体格发育情况,探讨二者之间的关系.结果各组新生儿血清瘦素水平出生时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),第3天纯配方奶组低于纯母乳组[(1.7±1.2)μg/L比(2.6±1.4)μg/L,P<0.05],第28天纯配方奶组低于纯母乳组和混合喂养组[(2.3±1.1)μg/L比(3.2±1.3)μg/L、(2.9±1.4)μg/L,P均<0.05].新生儿出生时各组PI值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),第28天纯配方奶组高于纯母乳组和混合喂养组[(2.9±0.3)g/cm3比(2.7±0.2)g/cm3、(2.8±0.3)g/cm3,P均<0.05].产妇母乳瘦素水平第3天各组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),第28天混合组低于纯母乳组[(11.7±3.8)μg/L比(13.5±4.6)μg/L,P<0.05].结论:不同喂养方式影响新生儿瘦素水平,并进而影响新生儿期体格发育,母乳瘦素是新生儿瘦素的主要来源.     

高乳清蛋白婴儿配方奶对新生儿生长发育及氨基酸代谢的影响

目的探讨高乳清蛋白婴儿配方奶对新生儿生长发育及氨基酸代谢的影响。方法采用双盲随机对照前瞻性研究选取60例健康足月新生儿,随机分为配方Ⅰ组、配方Ⅱ组(每组各30例),同期母乳喂养新生儿30例为母乳组。配方Ⅰ组出生后予高乳清蛋白婴儿配方奶(蛋白质14 g·L-1、蛋白质/能量比2.0 g/418 kJ、乳清蛋白/酪蛋白=90/10)喂养,配方Ⅱ组为普通婴儿配方奶(蛋白质18 g·L-1、蛋白质/能量比2.6 g/418 kJ、乳清蛋白/酪蛋白=60/40)喂养;母乳组出生后完全母乳喂养。于出生28 d采取各组静脉血测定血清氨基酸、清蛋白、前清蛋白水平,同时测定身高、体质量及头围生长发育指标。结果 1.配方Ⅰ组出生28 d体格发育指标及血清清蛋白、前清蛋白水平与母乳组比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05);配方Ⅱ组出生28 d体质量及血清前清蛋白水平均明显低于母乳组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,0.01)。2.配方Ⅰ组除血清天冬氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸明显低于母乳组(P<0.05,0.01),苏氨酸明显高于母乳组(P<0.01)外,其余18种氨基酸水平与母乳组比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05)。配方Ⅱ组血清天冬氨酸、瓜氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸均明显低于母乳组(P<0.05,0.01),天冬酰胺、甘氨酸、酪氨酸、苏氨酸均明显高于母乳组(Pa<0.01),其余15种氨基酸水平与母乳组比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05)。配方Ⅰ组血清丝氨酸、甘氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸及苯丙氨酸水平均显著低于配方Ⅱ组,瓜氨酸高于配方Ⅱ组(P<0.01,0.05)。结论 1.高乳清蛋白婴儿配方奶喂养新生儿体格发育指标可达到母乳喂养儿水平,与普通婴儿配方奶喂养儿比较,新生儿期体质量增长及血清前清蛋白水平更接近母乳喂养儿。2.高乳清蛋白婴儿配方奶喂养与普通婴儿配方奶喂养新生儿比较血清氨基酸水平更接近母乳,但不能完全替代母乳喂养。     

妊娠糖尿病母亲母乳中真胰岛素水平及对婴儿生长的影响

目的:探讨妊娠糖尿病(GDM)哺乳期妇女初乳、42天和90天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平,分析其相关因素及其对婴儿体格发育的影响.方法:采用双位点单克隆抗体夹心放大酶联免疫分析法(BA-ELISA)测定GDM产妇和健康产妇初乳、42天和90天成熟乳及新生儿脐血中真胰岛素水平,监测婴儿90天内生长情况.结果GDM组初乳及90天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平均高于对照组(22.8μU/ml比20.4μU/ml,33.6μU/ml比23.5μU/ml,P均<0.05).母亲孕前、产前、产后42天和90天的体质指数(BMI)与90天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平正相关,产后42天BMI与42天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平正相关,孕期糖化血红蛋白百分比与90天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平正相关,剖宫产者初乳真胰岛素水平低于阴道分娩者(21.2μU/ml比96.3μU/ml,P<0.05).42天时高母乳喂养组母乳中真胰岛素水平低于低母乳喂养组(29.7μU/ml比69.6μU/ml,P<0.05).脐血中真胰岛素水平与出生体重和身长正相关,42天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平与出生至42天的体重增长值负相关,90天成熟乳中真胰岛素水平与90天头围负相关.结论:GDM哺乳期妇女母乳中真胰岛素水平较正常哺乳期妇女高,分娩方式和喂养方式对成熟乳中真胰岛素水平有影响,母乳中真胰岛素水平与孕产妇的BMI值呈正相关,对婴儿体格生长起调节作用.     

院内不同喂养方式对早产/低出生体质量儿体格生长影响的比较

目的通过前瞻性随机对照研究评价比较不同喂养方式下,早产/低出生体质量儿住院期间的体格生长、血液生化和喂养安全性。方法按照不同喂养方式将出生胎龄<37周、出生体质量≤2500 g的158例早产儿分为早产/低出生体质量婴儿液态配方奶组(早产奶组,58例)、纯母乳喂养组(母乳组,47例)、液态配方奶及纯母乳混合喂养组(混合组,53例),比较各组的体格生长、血液生化指标,喂养不耐受、感染事件发生率,静脉营养使用时间,住院时间及宫外发育迟缓(EUGR)发生率等项目。结果早产奶组、母乳组、混合组婴儿的体质量增长速率分别为(16.46±5.14)g/(kg.d)、(11.56±4.11)g/(kg.d)、(15.19±4.53)g/(kg.d),三组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);头围增长速率分别为(0.72±0.34)cm/周、(0.49±0.34)cm/周、(0.71±0.29)cm/周,三组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);身长增长速率分别为(0.89±0.41)cm/周、(0.69±0.38)cm/周、(0.89±0.39)cm/周,三组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。早产奶组的出生体质量恢复时间、静脉营养使用时间也短于其余两组,住院时间各组差异无统计学意义;出生3d和2周后各组早产儿组间比较表明血尿素氮、白蛋白水平相似,但组内比较显示入院2周后各组均有尿素氮下降和白蛋白上升;喂养不耐受、感染事件发生率的差异无统计学意义。出院时早产奶组婴儿头围、EUGR发生率低于母乳组(P<0.05)。结论早产儿院内喂养采用早产奶安全,并且在促进早产儿体格生长方面优于单纯母乳喂养。     

配方奶喂养对婴儿生长发育的研究

目的　观察配方奶喂养婴儿的生长发育情况 ,以期为无法进行母乳喂养的婴儿获得优质、价格合理的配方奶。方法　 30例人工喂养新生儿 (各种客观原因无法获得母乳 )采用配方奶喂养 ,并与 30例同性别、胎龄、出生体重和父母文化程度近似的纯母乳喂养新生儿作配对观察。结果　两组婴儿于生后 4 2d、2个月、3个月时检测其体重、身高、头围均无显著性差异 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。 3个月时两组智能智力发育指数 (MDI)、运动发育指数 (PDI)无显著性差异 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。结论　用该配方奶喂养的婴儿 ,其前 3个月体格和智能情况能达到与母乳喂养儿相同的发育程度。     

0～12个月婴儿体格及精神发育监测与相关因素探讨

目的了解婴儿期体格及精神发育水平和速度,探讨不同喂养方式和出生体重对婴儿发育的影响.方法监测578名婴儿体格及精神发育情况,并对婴儿喂养方式进行调查.结果婴儿体格生长水平和速度低于全国平均水平;3、6个月和12个月精神发育异常检出率分别为1.21%、1.03%和1.33%;完全母乳喂养组婴儿除体重高于混合喂养和人工喂养组外(P＜0.05),其他均无差异;低出生体重婴儿体格、智力发育落后于正常出生体重和巨大儿.结论我市婴儿体格发育水平低于全国平均水平,智力发育异常率与全国接近,喂养方式不再是影响城区婴儿生长发育的主要因素,出生体重对婴儿体格和智力发育均有影响.     

O～12个月婴儿体格及精神发育监测与相关因素探讨

目的　了解婴儿期体格及精神发育水平和速度 ,探讨不同喂养方式和出生体重对婴儿发育的影响。方法　监测 5 78名婴儿体格及精神发育情况 ,并对婴儿喂养方式进行调查。结果　婴儿体格生长水平和速度低于全国平均水平 ;3、6个月和 12个月精神发育异常检出率分别为 1.2 1%、1.0 3%和 1.33% ;完全母乳喂养组婴儿除体重高于混合喂养和人工喂养组外 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其他均无差异 ;低出生体重婴儿体格、智力发育落后于正常出生体重和巨大儿。结论　我市婴儿体格发育水平低于全国平均水平 ,智力发育异常率与全国接近 ,喂养方式不再是影响城区婴儿生长发育的主要因素 ,出生体重对婴儿体格和智力发育均有影响     

配方奶添加半乳糖-低聚糖对婴儿肠道微生态调节作用的研究

目的观察婴儿配方奶(Frisolac Advanced)添加半乳糖-低聚糖,对婴儿肠道微生态和肠道内发酵的影响,并与母乳和原有配方奶(Frisolac H)比较其功能特点。方法选取华东、华南地区2个城市的4家医院,选择足月健康新生儿,随机分配进入已添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4g/L的配方喂养组(Frisolac Advanced)/未添加低聚糖的配方喂养组(Frisolac H),并选择纯母乳喂养为参考对照。共371个健康足月儿参与此项目。我们邀请所有参与的婴儿在满3个月时入院,采样检测大便中肠道微生态(双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌)和短链脂肪酸(乙酸),测定大便pH值,并记录婴儿体格生长、大便性状与机体抵抗力。结果在婴儿满3个月时,Frisolac Advanced配方喂养组和纯母乳喂养组肠道益生菌(双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌)数量均显著高于Frisolac H配方喂养组,Frisolac Ad-vanced配方喂养组和纯母乳喂养组之间差异无显著性;各组间肠道大肠杆菌数量差异无显著性。与原有配方(Frisolac H)比较,配方添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4g/L可显著提高大便短链脂肪酸(乙酸)含量,降低大便pH值,改善大便性状,提高大便次数,增加大便体积。配方添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4g/L喂养婴儿,未见明显肠道不良反应(哭闹,溢奶,呕吐)。结论婴儿配方奶添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4g/L,可部分模拟母乳功能,调整肠道微生态,提高肠道益生菌数量,促进肠道内营养物质酵解产生短链脂肪酸,并改善大便性状。     

配方奶添加半乳糖-低聚糖对婴儿肠道微生态调节作用的研究

目的：观察婴儿配方奶（Frisolac Advanced）添加半乳糖-低聚糖,对婴儿肠道微生态和肠道内发酵的影响,并与母乳和原有配方奶（Frisolac H）比较其功能特点。方法：选取华东、华南地区2个城市的4家医院,选择足月健康新生儿,随机分配进入已添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4 g/L的配方喂养组（Frisolac Advanced）/ 未添加低聚糖的配方喂养组（Frisolac H）, 并选择纯母乳喂养为参考对照。共371个健康足月儿参与此项目。我们邀请所有参与的婴儿在满3个月时入院,采样检测大便中肠道微生态（双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌）和短链脂肪酸（乙酸）,测定大便pH值,并记录婴儿体格生长、大便性状与机体抵抗力。结果：在婴儿满3个月时,Frisolac Advanced 配方喂养组和纯母乳喂养组肠道益生菌（双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌）数量均显著高于Frisolac H配方喂养组,Frisolac Advanced配方喂养组和纯母乳喂养组之间差异无显著性; 各组间肠道大肠杆菌数量差异无显著性。与原有配方（Frisolac H）比较,配方添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4 g/L可显著提高大便短链脂肪酸（乙酸）含量,降低大便pH值,改善大便性状,提高大便次数,增加大便体积。配方添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4 g/L喂养婴儿,未见明显肠道不良反应（哭闹,溢奶,呕吐）。结论：婴儿配方奶添加半乳糖-低聚糖2.4 g/L,可部分模拟母乳功能,调整肠道微生态,提高肠道益生菌数量,促进肠道内营养物质酵解产生短链脂肪酸,并改善大便性状。     

Early discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit and rates of readmission

Background: Increasing admissions to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) demand early discharge from the units. Our hospital aims to early discharge patients who meet the following requirements: they are able to regulate body temperature; neither apnea nor bradycardia is observed; and bodyweight increases with lactation. We studied the real state of this strategy. Methods: We looked at postmenstrual age, bodyweight, complication at the time of discharge and the readmission rate in 609 patients with gestational age of less than 34 weeks, who were discharged from our NICU between January 2000 and March 2008. Results: The postmenstrual age and bodyweight at discharge decreased with the increase of gestational age. This tendency was stronger in cases with gestational age of less than 26 weeks. A comparison was made between two patient groups with a gestational age of less than 26 weeks and with the age of 26 weeks or longer. Many patients with a gestational age of less than 26 weeks suffered frequently from complications and were on home oxygen therapy. The readmission rates within 3 months and 1 year of NICU discharge were 10.4% and 26.9% in patients with gestational age between 22 and 25 weeks, respectively, while those rates were 2.8% and 7.4% in patients with gestational weeks of 26 to 34, respectively. Conclusion: The postmenstrual age and bodyweight at NICU discharge decreased in inverse proportion to gestational age, especially less than 26 weeks. Our requirements for early discharge were verified by the readmission rate in this investigation.     

不同胎龄新生儿细胞和体液免疫功能检测

目的 了解不同胎龄新生儿的免疫功能特点.方法 2012 年6 月1 日至2013 年6 月1 日收治的115 例无感染早产儿,根据出生时胎龄分为早期早产儿组(28~33+6 周,n=57)和晚期早产儿组(34~36+6 周,n=58);同期选取88 例健康足月儿(37~41+6 周)为对照.于出生后24 h 内采集各组静脉血,采用流式细胞仪检测各组淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD19+ 和NK 细胞,并根据血常规结果计算各淋巴细胞亚群含量;采用免疫比浊法检测各组血清IgG、IgA 和IgM 含量.结果 早期和晚期早产儿组CD3+、CD4+ 百分比及CD4+/CD8+ 比值均高于足月儿组(P<0.05),而CD8+、CD19+ 和NK 细胞百分比均低于足月儿组(均P<0.05);早期和晚期早产儿组总淋巴细胞、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD19+ 和NK 细胞含量均低于足月儿组(P<0.05),且上述指标在晚期早产儿组的水平均高于早期早产儿组(P<0.05);早期和晚期早产儿组血清IgG 水平低于足月儿组(P<0.05),而IgA、IgM 含量在3 组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 新生儿胎龄影响其细胞免疫及体液免疫功能;随胎龄增长,新生儿免疫功能将逐渐完善.     

Scientific rationale and benefits of nucleotide supplementation of infant formula

The present review examines the role of dietary nucleotides in infants, and the scientific rationale and benefits of nucleotide supplementation of infant formula. The immunoprotective benefits of human milk, the biology of human milk nucleotides, and the immunological and gastrointestinal effects of dietary nucleotides in animal studies and in vitro experiments are examined. Clinical studies are reviewed, especially those examining the efficacy of nucleotide-supplemented infant formula in enhancing immunity and reducing the risk of sepsis. The presence of human milk cells, and a variety of immunoactive and trophic components of human milk, can explain the reduced incidence of sepsis in breastfed term and preterm infants. Nucleotides, believed to play an immunomodulatory role, are found in lower concentrations in infant formula. Animal studies have shown that dietary nucleotides enhance a number of immune responses and the growth, differentiation and repair of the gut. Several clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of nucleotide supplementation on gut microflora, diarrhoea and immune function, and one study has reported better catch-up growth in term infants with severe intrauterine growth retardation. More basic research studying the metabolism of nucleotides in neonates is encouraged. Additional randomized controlled trials are necessary to demonstrate the clinical benefits of nucleotide supplementation of infant formula, as it cannot be presumed that nucleotides produce the same benefits for the infant as human milk. Studies are especially necessary in high-risk neonatal situations, such as extreme prematurity, significant suboptimal nutrient intake before and after birth, and recovery from gut injury.     

Probiotics for preventing and treating infant regurgitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Infant regurgitation is common during infancy and can cause substantial parental distress. Regurgitation can lead to parental perception that their infant is in pain. Parents often present in general practitioner surgeries, community baby clinics and accident and emergency departments which can lead to financial burden on parents and the health care system. Probiotics are increasingly reported to have therapeutic effects for preventing and treating infant regurgitation. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic supplementation for the prevention and treatment of infant regurgitation. Literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. A meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology where possible. Six RCTs examined the prevention or treatment with probiotics on infant regurgitation. A meta-analysis of three studies showed a statistically significant reduction in regurgitation episodes for the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (mean difference [MD]: ?1.79 episodes/day: 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?3.30 to ?0.27, N = 560), but there was high heterogeneity (96%). Meta-analysis of two studies found a statistically significant increased number of stools per day in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group at 1 month of age (MD: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.73, N = 488), with moderate heterogeneity (69%). Meta-analysis of two studies showed no statistical difference in body weight between the two groups (MD: ?91.88 g, 95% CI: 258.40–74.63: I² = 23%, N = 112) with minimal heterogeneity 23%. Probiotic therapy appears promising for infant regurgitation with some evidence of benefit, but most studies are small and there was relatively high heterogeneity. The use of probiotics could potentially be a noninvasive, safe, cost effective, and preventative positive health strategy for both women and their babies. Further robust, well controlled RCTs examining the effect of probiotics for infant regurgitation are warranted.     

The seasonal distribution of infant deaths by age: A comparison of sudden infant death syndrome and other causes of death

Objective: To examine the possibility that among deaths in infancy the increase in the winter/summer ratio with increasing age is not peculiar to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Methodology: Details of the winter (December-February)/summer (June-August) ratio among deaths in neonates (<28 days) and post neonates dying in the United States of America between 1979 and 1990 were abstracted from published statistics. The primary causes of death were classified according to the ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases.
Results: For every non-traumatic cause of death including SIDS, the winter/summer ratio was higher among postneonates than neonates. This was not seen for deaths due to trauma. Cases of SIDS and deaths due to infection had the highest ratios in both age categories. Causes of death occurring predominantly in the neonatal period (e.g. anencephaly) had the lowest overall ratios.
Conclusions: Neither the greater number of SIDS cases in the winter, nor the increasing winter/summer ratio with increasing age is unique to SIDS.     

The development of Australian normative data for infant temperament

Utilizing the revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire previously validated for use with Australian populations, a cohort of 2443 infants aged 4-8 months was studied. This sample was recruited in such a manner as to be representatives of all infants of this age group in the State of Victoria. Temperament values obtained differed significantly from American norms on four of the nine temperament dimensions, providing further evidence for the importance of using culturally appropriate norms. There were associations between temperament and problem behaviours and some parent characteristics. The normative values for temperament presented are recommended for use in Australian settings.     

Babies in boxes and the missing links on safe sleep: Human evolution and cultural revolution

Concerns about bedsharing as a risk for sudden infant death syndrome and other forms of sleep‐associated infant death have gained prominence as a public health issue. Cardboard “baby boxes” are increasingly promoted to prevent infant death through separate sleep, despite no proof of efficacy. However, baby boxes disrupt “breastsleeping” (breastfeeding with co‐sleeping) and may undermine breastfeeding. Recommendations enforcing separate sleep are based on 20th century Euro‐American social norms for solitary infant sleep and scheduled feedings via bottles of cow's milk‐based formula, in contrast to breastsleeping, an evolutionary adaptation facilitating the survival of mammalian infants for millennia. Interventions that aim to prevent bedsharing, such as the cardboard baby box, fail to consider the implications of evolutionary biology or of ethnocentrism in sleep guidance. Moreover, the focus on bedsharing neglects more potent risks such as smoking, drugs, alcohol, formula feeding, and poverty. Distribution of baby boxes may divert resources and attention away from addressing these other risk factors and lead to a false sense of security wherein we overlook that sudden unexplained infant deaths also occur in solitary sleep environments. Recognizing breastsleeping as the evolutionary and cross‐cultural norm entails re‐evaluating our research and policy priorities, such as providing greater structural support for families, supporting breastfeeding and safe co‐sleeping, investigating ways to safely minimize separation for formula‐fed infants, and mitigating the potential harms of mother–infant separation when breastsleeping is disrupted. Resources would be better spent addressing such questions rather than on a feel‐good solution such as the baby box.     

新生儿胃肠穿孔临床特点及预后分析

虽然新生儿重症监护、呼吸管理、外科手术和麻醉技术都有很大的提高,但新生儿尤其是早产儿胃肠穿孔仍有很高的病死率,严重威胁新生儿的生命。为了进一步提高对本病的认识,现对我院近8年收治的新生儿胃肠穿孔病例进行分析,对早产儿与足月儿胃肠穿孔的发病原因、临床表现、预后等     

早产儿和足月儿脐血及母亲静脉血硒含量的比较

目的：硒是一种人体必需的微量元素,在细胞抗氧化防御系统中发挥着主要的作用。在早期早产儿中,低水平的硒会增加诸如慢性新生儿肺疾病、早产儿视网膜病等并发症的发生。该研究旨在检测并比较早产儿和足月儿脐血及母亲静脉血硒含量。方法：选取2008年3~7月间30个足月儿（胎龄>37 周）和30个早产儿（胎龄< 34 周）及他们的母亲作为研究对象。用原子吸收光谱法测定脐血和母亲静脉血的硒含量。结果：足月儿的脐血硒平均含量高于早产儿,差异有非常显著性(124.80± 13.72 μg/L vs 100.30 ± 11.72 μg/L, P=0.0001) 。 足月儿母亲与早产儿母亲的的平均硒含量差异无显著性 (117.03±17.15 μg/L vs 110.56±17.49 μg/L, P=0.15)。将所有婴儿的资料一起分析时,发现脐血硒含量与胎龄和出生体重显著正相关(r=0.66, P<0.0001;r=0.59, P<0.0001)。60例婴儿母亲中,无一例的血硒含量低于正常参考值的下限（70.0 μg/L）。将所有婴儿及其母亲的资料一起分析时,发现母亲血硒含量与其婴儿脐血硒含量呈显著正相关 (r=0.40, P<0.001)。结论：在伊斯法罕地区,孕母的血硒水平处于一个良好的状态,血硒水平不是早产的预测指标。足月儿的脐血硒含量高于早产儿,但足月儿和早产儿的脐血硒含量均在正常参考范围。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（7）：513-516］