暴发性阴囊坏疽的局部处理方法探讨

目的 探索暴发性阴囊坏疽的治疗方法。方法 回顾分析9例暴发性阴囊坏疽治疗方案。9例患者均行外科清创，冲洗引流，抗感染等治疗，其中4例感染广泛蔓延的患者清创术后，采用U形多孔双向引流管引流。3例外暴露的睾丸暂置于浅表腔隙中，二期重建阴囊回纳睾丸。结果 留置U形管引流者，重复清创手术的次数明显减少，体温及血象恢复正常的时间较普通引流显著缩短，术后恢复迅速。结论 暴发性阴囊坏疽的治疗仍以清创及应用抗生素为主，术中多毋须切除睾丸。U形多孔双向引流管在清创术后引流效果确切，在促进康复有明显优势。     

阴囊坏疽的诊断和治疗(附9例报告)

目的：探讨阴囊坏疽的诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析9例阴囊坏疽患者的临床资料，对9例患者均行早期多切口切开引流和广泛清创。结果：7例患者坏疽创面愈合良好，1例行二期睾丸切除术后愈合；1例死亡。患者生存率为88．8％。结论：阴囊坏疽的治疗以早期多切口切开引流、广泛清创、使用足量广谱抗生素、全身支持治疗及局部治疗、原发病治疗为主。注意卫生、保持局部清洁及提高卫生保健意识是其重要预防措施。     

阴囊坏疽的阴囊重建

目的探讨阴囊坏疽的诊断、治疗及阴囊重建方法.方法 1992年1月～2004年9月,对15例阴囊坏疽进行临床资料分析,年龄23～80岁.创面细菌培养阳性14例,无菌生长1例,其中血培养阳性1例.均行抗感染、外科清创及引流等治疗.2例行高压氧治疗.清创术后根据情况采用皮瓣转移、植皮、直接缝合等方法行阴茎阴囊修复重建,其中2例高龄患者行睾丸去势术.结果住院时间21～34 d,平均26 d.所有患者术后创面均Ⅰ期愈合.获随访1～3年,平均1.5年.13例保留睾丸者阴囊外观满意,性功能正常,无睾丸萎缩发生.下肢、阴囊及腹股沟区无不适.结论阴囊坏疽确诊后应早期广泛清创并联合应用抗生素治疗,加强局部引流,有条件者可行高压氧治疗,根据具体情况重建阴囊.     

联合高压氧综合治疗 Fournier坏疽（附14例报告）

目的：探讨Fournier坏疽（Fournier＇s gangrene, FG）的发病因素、诊断、联合高压氧的治疗方法及预后。方法对收治的14例FG患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并探讨我们的诊治经验。全部患者均早期采用外科清创引流、足量抗生素抗感染、高压氧等联合治疗措施,清创同时行阴茎切除术＋膀胱造瘘及肠造瘘各1例。 II期行阴囊缝合成型术4例,阴囊植皮术8例,阴茎切除术后行尿道外口成型＋阴囊植皮1例。结果痊愈出院13例,仅1例患者因脓毒败血症所致多器官功能衰竭而死亡。结论 FG应早期诊断,尽早行广泛清创引流、广谱抗生素及高压氧治疗。待创面无明显炎症反应并长出新鲜肉芽组织后,行II期缝合或植皮术重塑阴囊、会阴部及阴茎皮肤。     

阴囊坏疽的治疗体会(附14例报告)

目的总结阴囊坏疽的治疗方法。方法2003年8月至2005年6月诊治阴囊坏疽14例，患者年龄27～74岁，平均48岁。阴囊坏疽并发肛周、阴茎坏疽者2例，并发肛周、阴茎、腹股沟区坏疽者10例，并发肛周、阴茎、腹股沟区、腹部皮下坏疽者2例。其中并发阴茎坏死3例，并发睾丸炎5例。14例细菌培养均为阳性。14例均采用Ⅰ期清创、阴囊成形、置管引流术，同时给予抗炎对症治疗。3例阴茎坏死者行阴茎全切、尿道造瘘术，2例腹部坏疽者行腹部皮下切开清创引流，5例睾丸炎者行单侧睾丸切除。结果12例阴囊成形术Ⅰ期愈合，2例尿道造瘘术患者痊愈出院。10例阴茎皮肤坏疽者1个月后阴茎植皮，痊愈出院。死亡2例。结论早期及时清创和抗炎对症治疗是治疗本病的关键，Ⅰ期清创、阴囊成形及置管引流是治疗阴囊坏疽的有效方法。     

Fournier坏疽的诊治(附16例报告)

目的　探讨Fournier坏疽的诊断及治疗。　方法　对 16例男性Fournier坏疽患者的临床资料进行分析。患者年龄 2 4～ 84岁 ,平均 5 1岁。其中阴囊坏疽 13例 ,阴茎皮肤坏疽 3例。细菌培养 14例 ,阳性 9例。 16例均行外科清创、引流、抗感染等治疗 ,4例行高压氧治疗。　结果　 13例经二期缝合痊愈出院 ,其中 2例 1个月后取皮瓣行阴茎、阴囊成形术。死亡 3例 ,其中 2例并发败血症 ,1例高龄患者早期出现肾功能受损而致多器官功能衰竭。　结论　治疗以早期广泛清创及应用广谱抗生素为主 ,加强局部引流 ,有条件者可行高压氧治疗。     

封闭式负压引流技术辅助治疗阴茎、阴囊坏疽4例临床分析

目的:通过分析总结封闭式负压引流技术辅助治疗阴茎、阴囊坏疽的临床疗效,探讨该类疾病的最佳治疗方法。方法:收集整理2015年1月至2016年6月,收治的4例阴茎、阴囊坏疽患者的临床诊治资料,回顾分析其治疗过程中配合使用封闭式负压引流技术的方法及其疗效。4例患者均早期行广泛、彻底的阴囊、阴茎坏疽清创术,并静脉应用二联广谱抗生素,清创后为充分创面引流,应用封闭式负压引流(VSD),待创面清洁后,予以创面缝合。结果:4例患者经配合使用封闭式负压引流技术后,坏疽创面引流更加充分,阴囊、阴茎坏疽范围快速局限化,未出现睾丸坏死情况。4例患者均在坏疽创面清洁后,二期缝合,创面顺利愈合后出院。3个月后随访,局部创面愈合良好,无复发。结论:应用封闭式负压引流冲洗技术配合早期行广泛、彻底清创可有效促进坏疽范围的局限化,显著降低换药频率和缩短患者住院周期,是治疗阴茎阴囊坏疽的极为有效的辅助治疗手段。     

特发性阴囊坏疽的诊治

目的：探讨特发性阴囊坏疽的诊治方法。方法：回顾分析21例特发性阴囊坏疽患者的临床资料,结果：对21例患者均行早期多切口切开引流和广泛的清创,90．0％的患者行膀胱造口术,生存率为90．5％,结论：早期多切口切开引流,广泛清创,快速纠正休克,及时使用广谱抗素,以及全身支持治疗和必要的重复清创是治疗成功的关键。     

特发性阴囊坏疽诊治报告（附5例报告）

目的：总结特发性阴囊坏疽诊断及治疗体会,提高该病的诊疗水平。方法：回顾性分5例特发性阴囊坏疽患者的临床资料,并结合文献复习。结果：5例患者中2例有糖尿病史。经急诊切开减压、多次彻底清创、联合应用广谱抗生素及全身支持治疗后,4例二期缝合创面,1例缺损面积较大者行阴股沟邻位皮瓣转移修复术。结论：早期诊断、及时切开减压及清创、联合应用广谱抗生素对特发性阴囊坏疽的预后有至关重要的作用。     

应用封闭式负压引流技术辅助治疗阴囊坏疽体会（附8例报告）

目的观察应用封闭负压引流技术辅助治疗阴囊坏疽的临床效果。方法对我科于2005年6月-2010年10月诊治的阴囊坏疽8例进行回顾性分析。本组患者局限于阴囊5例,并发双侧腹股沟区,阴茎皮下坏疽2例;并发肛周,左侧腹股沟区坏疽1例。8例均进行手术清创,并应用VSD持续负压吸引,同时给予抗感染对症治疗。拆除敷料创面干净后行二期手术。结果 6例使用VSD1次,行II期直接缝合后愈合;2例使用VSD2次,行腹股沟皮瓣转移后愈合。结论在清创后配合使用封闭式负压引流技术是治疗阴囊坏疽的一种有效方法,封闭式负压引流技术能够促进伤口的愈合,明显缩短治疗时间,减少换药次数,而且简单易行,值得推广。     

Fournier坏疽23例报告

目的:探讨Fournier坏疽的诊断治疗措施。方法:回顾性分析23例Fournier坏疽的诊断和治疗方法。23例患者外阴均红肿、疼痛,并迅速阴囊坏疽,并发不同程度的阴茎、肛周、会阴、腹股沟、下肢坏疽。23例患者分别采取早期清创术,切开引流,抗炎及高压氧治疗。Ⅱ期有11例行阴囊成形术,7例行阴茎阴囊植皮术,2例阴茎坏死者行阴茎切除术后尿道外口成形术。1例行膀胱造瘘术,1例行结肠造瘘术。结果:20例痊愈,3例死亡。结论:Fourn ier坏疽病情凶险,早期诊断、外科综合治疗是治愈的关键。     

Predisposing factors and treatment outcome in Fournier's gangrene. Analysis of 28 cases

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the etiologic factors and the effects of surgical debridement and adjunctive therapies on morbidity and mortality of Fournier's gangrene. METHODS: 27 males, 1 female, a total of 28 patients with a mean age of 58 years treated for Fournier's gangrene were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Predisposing factors including diabetes, alcohol abuse, paraplegia and renal insufficiency were identifiable in 54% of the patients. Etiologic origin of the gangrene was urogenital, cutaneous and anorectal in 43, 25 and 11% of the patients, respectively. The pathology was limited to genitalia in 10, extending to perineum in 8, the umbilicus in 7 and even up to the axilla in 3 patients. Suprapubic cystostomy and colostomy were necessary in 18 and 2 cases, respectively. We used hyperbaric oxygen therapy in 2 and honey in 6 patients to accelerate wound healing. A repeat debridement was necessary in 39% of the cases. Plastic surgery and grafting were done in 14 patients. Our mortality rate was 7%. CONCLUSION: Early recognition of the pathology and aggressive surgical debridement are the mainstay of the management of Fournier's gangrene. Additional strategies to improve wound healing and increase patient survival are also needed.     

Fournier's gangrene: a retrospective clinical study on forty-one patients

BACKGROUND: Fournier's gangrene, first described by Dr Jean Alfred Fournier in 1883, still has a high mortality rate. The prognosis and outcome of such patients were analysed. METHODS: Forty-one patients with Fournier's gangrene were reviewed on the parameters of age, sex, aetiological agents, predisposing factors, treatment modalities and outcomes. RESULTS: Although early intervention and careful treatment was carried out, nine of 41 patients (21.9%) died as a result of complications of septicemia. Among the treatment modalities, there were extensive debridement, drainage, excisions of the skin and fascia, colostomy procedure, extensive antibiotic treatment and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Although a combination of different treatment modalities were used, the mortality rate was 21.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Fournier's gangrene is still a severe disease. Today, hyperbaric oxygen treatment is very effective in the treatment of this disease.     

Perineoscrotal gangrene: report of 51 cases. Diagnostic and therapeutic features

OBJECTIVE: To approach the treatment of Fournier's gangrene. So, pathophysiology and etiology are recalled. METHODS: The authors present 51 cases of Fournier's gangrene treated from 1989 to 1998, their age ranged from 19 to 89 years. Data were collected on admission signs and symptoms, physical examination. Aggressive surgical debridement of all necrotic tissues was performed, Intravenous antibiotics and resuscitation fluid were also administered. RESULTS: All patients were male. In 20 cases (39%), there was no identifiable cause, and in 31 cases (61%), the etiology of gangrene was urethral (33%), anorectal (28%) and unknown (19%). The average hospital stay was 30 days. Three cases underwent unilateral orchidectomy, six colostomy and in 17 cases, a suprapubic catheter was inserted. Mortality was high (18%) and essentially associated to debilated state and toxi-infectious context. CONCLUSION: Fournier's gangrene is a true urologic emergency potential lethal, which requires aggressive antibiotic and surgical treatment.     

Management of Fournier's gangrene: an eleven year retrospective analysis of early recognition,diagnosis, and treatment

Fournier's gangrene is an infectious necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum and genital regions. It is a synergistic infection caused by a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The mortality rate from this infection ranges from 0 to 67 per cent. One of the most important determinants of overall outcome is early recognition and extensive surgical debridement upon initial diagnosis. This is followed by aggressive antibiotic therapy combined with other precautionary and resuscitative measures. Our hypothesis is that early aggressive surgical debridement combined with broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage results in decreased mortality from Fournier gangrene. The objective of this study was to determine our morbidity and mortality as compared with other institutions. This was a retrospective review of 200 charts of patients from 1990 through 2001. The charts reviewed included patients with a diagnosis of male and female genital abscesses, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and vascular disorders. This resulted in 33 patients who had a final diagnosis of Fournier's gangrene. There were 26 (79%) males and seven (21%) females with a diagnosis of Fournier's gangrene. The patients ranged in age from 30 to 85 years (mean age 51.5). There were a number of predisposing factors that were examined. Thirteen patients (39%) were diabetic, 18 (55%) suffered from hypertension, 18 (55%) were obese, and 18 (55%) were cigarette smokers. Four patients (12%) had no predisposing factors. The treatment consisted of wide surgical debridement which was performed in all 33 patients. Most patients received multiple debridements ranging from one surgery to seven (mean 3.25) per hospital stay. The majority of patients received broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage. Three patients died, which resulted in a mortality rate of 9 per cent. Early recognition and aggressive surgical debridement is the most essential intervention in stopping the rapidly progressing infectious process of Fournier's gangrene. This intervention should be combined with aggressive triple-antibiotic therapy and other precautionary measures for supporting the patient who has the systemic effects of Fournier's gangrene. Our data do not reach statistical significance with regard to the use of triple-antibiotic therapy. However, we believe that it is an important part of the treatment regimen. The combination of aggressive surgical therapy and appropriate antibiotic coverage results in a reduction in mortality.     

Evolution and treatment of 8 patients with Fournier's perineal-scrotal gangrene]

The authors present eight cases of Fournier's gangrene treated from 1987 to 1989 (3 years). There was no discernable cause for 5 patients (62.5%). Immediate aggressive surgical debridement of all necrotic tissue was performed. Intravenous antibiotics and resuscitation fluid and hyperbaric oxygenation were also administered to all patients. Skin grafting was performed for 4 patients (40%), 3 weeks after surgical debridement. One patient died (12.5%) and 2 subsequently developed an urethral stricture. Etiology, treatment and outcome of Fournier's gangrene are discussed and the results of the study are compared to other studies. This disease is still serious, its pathogenesis is not completely elucidated, but when immediate adequate treatment is performed, the outcome is generally favourable.     

Fournier坏疽五例报告

目的 探讨Ｆｏｕｒｎｉｅｒ坏疽的诊断和处理方法。方法 报告５例Ｆｏｕｒｎｉｅｒ坏疽的临床特点并进行文献复习。结果 ５例经清创引流,抗炎及对症治疗第,３例康复,随访１年无复发;死亡２例;结论Ｆｏｕｒｎｉｅｒ坏疽是一种累及阴囊、阴茎的感染性坏死性筋膜炎。及时正确的诊断,处理可减少其死亡率和并发症;超声显像,ＣＴ等技术有利于此病的早期发现;治疗原则为早期清创,引流,全身应用大剂量广谱抗生素等。     

Fournier's disease

Fournier's gangrene is an aggressive synergistic fasciitis of the perineum. The disease can no longer be considered to be idiopathic; in most cases a urologic, colorectal, or cutaneous source can be identified. Despite antibiotics and aggressive debridement, the mortality rate remains high, particularly in the elderly, in patients with renal failure, and in patients with extensive disease. The presentation is highly variable, necessitating a high index of suspicion. High-risk patients include diabetics, alcoholics, and debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. As the AIDS population increases, the incidence of Fournier's gangrene may increase as well. In questionable cases, imaging modalities should be performed to allow early diagnosis and to reduce missed diagnoses. Broad-spectrum antibiotics and aggressive debridement remain the hallmarks of treatment. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and improved local wound care may decrease the extent of tissue destruction. Reconstructive techniques afford better cosmetic results. With early recognition, prompt treatment, improved wound care, and reconstructive efforts, the mortality rates and cosmetic results should continue to improve.