后腹腔镜手术与传统开放手术在肾上腺肿瘤切除中的疗效比较

目的 探讨后腹腔镜手术与传统开放手术在肾上腺肿瘤切除中的临床疗效差异.方法 将60例肾上腺肿瘤患者随机分为对照组和实验组(n=30),对照组采用传统开放手术治疗,实验组采用后腹腔镜手术治疗,比较2组平均手术时间、平均出血量、术后住院时间和术后并发症发生率.结果 实验组患者平均手术时间为(81.3±14.6)min、平均出血量(63.8±10.5)mL、术后住院时间为(5.02±1.32)d、术后并发症发生率为13.3%,均显著低于对照组的(146.1±20.9)min、(121.3±21.6)mL、(10.5±4.31)d、30.0%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 后腹腔镜手术在肾上腺肿瘤切除术中具有出血少、安全性高、手术时间短、并发症少的优点,值得临床推广应用.     

后腹腔镜和开放手术治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤的疗效分析

为比较后腹腔镜手术和开放手术治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤的临床效果,对2005—2007年我院治疗的肾上腺肿瘤直径大于5cm的患者(21例开放手术和12例后腹腔镜手术)的临床病例资料进行分析,比较两组手术时间、术中平均出血量等指标。结果腹腔镜组与开放手术组相比,术中出血量、术后进食活动时间、术后拔除引流管时间等方面优于开放手术组(均P<0.05),两组在平均手术时间、术中输血率、术后入ICU率、术后引流量、并发症发生率、术后住院时间方面的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经过认真的术前准备,后腹腔镜切除较大肾上腺肿瘤尚安全。     

后腹腔镜与开放手术行肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的疗效比较

目的:评价后腹腔镜与开放手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的疗效及安全性。方法:分别采用后腹腔镜、开放手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤46例(A组)、30例(B组)。比较两组之间手术时间、术中出血量、术中血压剧烈波动例数、术后肠功能恢复时间和术后住院时间等。结果:A、B组手术时间分别为(101.14±35.37)min和(152.40±52.09)min(F=4.08,P<0.05);术中出血量分别为(62.05±21.17)ml和(316.14±58.91)ml(F=12.70,P<0.001);术中血压剧烈波动例数分别为6例和7例(χ2=2.06,P>0.05);术后肠功能恢复时间分别为(2.10±0.48)d和(3.49±1.07)d(F=6.52,P<0.05);术后住院时间分别为(4.17±1.25)d和(5.91±2.69)d(F=7.37,P<0.05)。结论:后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术具有微创、手术时间短、术中出血量少和术后恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的临床应用体会

目的 探讨原发性醛固酮增多症(原醛症)行腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗的效果,并与开放手术对比分析.方法 回顾分析比较行腹膜后腹腔镜手术的原醛症患者48例与近期开放手术治疗的原醛症患者36例的临床效果.结果 经后腹腔镜肾上腺手术全部成功.后腹腔镜组在平均手术时间、平均失血量、术后止痛剂用量、术后下床活动时间及术后住院天数均显著优于开放组(P＜0.01).两组手术时间分别为(50±13)min和(110±20)min;术中出血量分别为(46±11)ml和(130±22)ml,组间比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.001).结论 治疗原醛症采用后腹腔镜手术显著优于开放手术,是一种安全有效的术式,具创伤小、出血少、康复快、住院时间短等优点.     

后腹腔镜术治疗肾上腺肿瘤50例

目的 探讨经后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的效果.方法 肾上腺肿瘤患者50例,行后腹腔镜手术治疗,观察 病理分型、平均手术时间、术中出血量、平均进食时间、平均留置引流时间、术后住院时间及随访结果.结果 50例中,髓质脂肪瘤20例,肾上腺皮质腺瘤10例,肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤10例,节细胞神经瘤5例,肾上腺皮质腺癌3例,肾上腺转移瘤2例;48例患者(96.0%)顺利切除肿瘤,另外2例(4.0%)患者术中转开放手术;平均手术时间(120.52±37.25)min,术中估计出血量 (90.14±35.41)mL;平均进食时间(2.01±0.38) d,平均留置引流时间(2.15±0.75)d;术后住院时间(6.89±1.54)d;术后随访平均33个月,术后血压恢复正常32例,18例继续用药物控制血压,但用药量较术前明显减少.结论结论后腹腔镜术治疗肾上腺肿瘤,手术安全、有效、创伤小,病人痛苦轻,术后恢复快.     

后腹腔镜与传统开放手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的随机对照研究

目的：比较后腹腔镜与传统开放手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的优缺点。方法将2005年1月至2010年12月接受治疗的120例肾上腺肿瘤患者,通过计算机产生随机数学表,按1∶1分配原则随机分为后腹腔镜组与开放手术组,比较2组的手术相关指标、术后恢复指标、术后处理情况、手术成功情况、并发症和随访情况。结果后腹腔镜组1例因拒绝接受腹腔镜手术,2例缺乏随访资料而脱落;开放手术组因2例转院,2例缺乏随访资料而脱落。后腹腔镜组（57例）和开放手术组（56例）的手术时间、术中出血量、输血例数分别为（89.6±177;18.4）min、（70.2±177;17.2）ml、8例和（124.2±177;27.3）min、（205.7±177;51.9）ml、20例;拔管时间、进食时间、下床时间、住院时间分别为（2.8±177;1.3） d、（1.7±177;1.1） d、（2.6±177;1.2） d、（6.2±177;3.1） d和（4.2±177;2.0）d、（2.9±177;1.4）d、（5.1±177;3.1）d、（13.5±177;5.4）d;术后镇痛例数、引流量分别为11例、（15.4±177;4.2）ml和43例、（45.1±177;12.7）ml;以上指标比较差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,2组的治疗费用比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。开放手术组1年内无一例死亡和复发,后腹腔镜组有5例中转开腹,1年内1例死亡、2例复发。后腹腔镜组和开放手术组分别有2例（3.51％）和9例（16.07％）出现并发症,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）。结论与传统开放手术相比,后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺肿瘤,具有创伤小、并发症少和术后恢复快等优点,但仍存在手术失败和复发的可能,需要进一步提高泌尿外科医生的经验和操作技巧。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术与开放手术的疗效比较

目的：评价后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的疗效。方法：对我院15例行单侧后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术（后腹腔镜组）和18例行单侧开放性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术（开放手术组）的患者的临床资料进行比较。结果：后腹腔镜手术组15例均手术成功;肿瘤直径最大2．1～8．5cm,平均（4．2±1．8）em;手术时间55～180min,平均（85±35）min;出血量25-105ml,平均（45±25）ml;术中2例发生高血压,术后止痛剂应用1次;术后下床活动时间为2-4d,平均（2．5±1．5）d;术后住院时间为5～8d,平均（6．0±1．5）d。开放手术组18例均手术成功;肿瘤直径最大2．0～10．5cm,平均（4．5±2．5）cm;手术时间90-250min,平均（140±50）min;出血量95～650ml,平均（350±150）ml;输血6例。术中10例发生高血压,术后止痛剂应用4次;术后下床活动时间为5～7d,平均（5．5±1．5）d;术后住院时间为7～12d,平均（10．5±1．5）d。结论：对有较丰富腹腔镜手术经验的术者,后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术不仅手术时间短、出血量少、对患者的创伤小,而且术中对血压的控制较好,是治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤安全、有效的方法。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗在泌尿外科的应用分析

目的利用后腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿外科疾病,以探讨其应用价值。方法对62例泌尿外科患者利用后腹腔镜手术治疗,对手术时间、术中出血量、并发症情况进行分析,并对16例后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术与17例开放式肾上腺肿瘤切除术进行比较。结果 62例患者中59例获得成功,3例转开腹;手术时间45～495 min,平均手术时间(178±45)min;除3例术中输血量600 ml外,其余患者出血量均少于100 ml,未输血。住院时间4～15 d,平均住院时间(7.2±3.1)d。除肾蒂淋巴结结扎术患者术后需卧位1 w外,其余患者均于术后3 d内下床活动,无术后并发症。两组患者手术情况比较,观察组手术操作时间(121.5±63.2)min,对照组手术操作时间(125.2±54.5)min,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术中出血量(96.2±28.9)ml、肛门排气时间(2.9±0.6)天、住院时间(7.2±5.3)天,对照组术中出血量(152.5±34.6)ml、肛门排气时间(4.1±1.1)天、住院时间(13.1±1.5)天,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论利用后腹腔镜手术对泌尿外科疾病进行治疗,手术时间短、出血量少,术后并发症少,具有明显的微创优势。     

根治性膀胱切除加回肠膀胱术的术后早期并发症研究

目的:对单中心腹腔镜下与开放根治性膀胱切除加回肠膀胱术的术后早期并发症进行比较。方法:收集行根治性膀胱切除加回肠膀胱术且临床资料完整的患者共130例,其中80例行开放手术,50例行腹腔镜手术,比较两组之间手术时间、术中估计失血量、术后住院天数、手术早期并发症情况的差异。结果:开放手术组手术时间平均(307.4±67.3)min,腹腔镜手术组手术时间为平均(356.8±67.0)min,两组间差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。开放手术组估计失血量平均(590.6±320.5)ml,腹腔镜手术组估计失血量量平均(336.0±217.1)ml,两组间差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。开放手术组术后住院时间12.25~24.75 d,平均17 d,腹腔镜手术组住院时间11~16 d,平均13 d,两组间的差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。开放手术组术后早期并发症率为43.7%,腹腔镜手术组术后早期并发症率为38.0%,开放手术组发热、切口相关并发症明显多于腹腔镜手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ClavienDindo分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的严重并发症两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜膀胱癌根治切除相比开放手术可以有效减少手术中出血、缩短住院天数、并有效降低低级别并发症的发生率。     

腹腔镜治疗肾上腺肿瘤203例经验总结

目的:总结腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的经验.方法:2001年8月至2007年6月,采用腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤203例;男128例,女75例;年龄21～74岁,平均(45±2)岁;双侧6例.肾上腺肿瘤或结节直径0.4～18 cm.结果:203例患者,行肾上腺手术209例次,其中经后腹腔166例,经腹34例,手助腹腔镜3例,腔镜手术成功197例,有6例(2.96%)中转开放手术.手术时间为25～275 min,平均(135±35) min.术中出血40～250 ml,平均(75±25) ml.术后1～3 d可下床活动.术后住院时间7～10 d,平均(7±2) d.手术并发症为腔静脉损伤1例,胸膜损伤1例,腰部血肿4例,Trocar穿刺口脂肪液化1例.结论:经后腹腔腹腔镜途径治疗肾上腺肿瘤具有一定的优势,但需根据肿瘤大小和病理类型严格掌握,对肿瘤体积较大、肥胖或有双侧病变患者时选择经腹途径较为合适.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.