腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的体会

目的:总结腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析为21例肾盂旁囊肿患者经腹腔入路行腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的临床资料。结果:21例手术均获成功,手术时间35～85 min,平均52 min;术中出血量5～40 ml,平均16 ml;无肾蒂、肾盂损伤等并发症发生,平均住院7 d。术后随访3年,1例于术后8个月复发,再次手术;其余患者随访至今均无复发。结论:腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗肾盂旁囊肿具有患者创伤小、出血少、疗效确切等优点,可作为肾盂旁囊肿的常规治疗方法。     

Laparoscopic ablation of symptomatic peripelvic renal cysts

PURPOSE: We report our experience with laparoscopic ablation of symptomatic peripelvic renal cysts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two men and two women (mean age 58) with a peripelvic renal cyst associated with ipsilateral flank pain and obstruction were treated by transperitoneal laparoscopic ablation. One patient had an episode of pyelonephritis before detection of the cyst. Cyst size ranged from 4.5 to 6.5 cm (mean 5.5 cm). Dissection of the cyst was intricate because of the close proximity to the renal hilum and the compressed collecting system. Patients were followed with radiologic imaging at 6 and 12 months and once a year thereafter. RESULTS: In all cases, the laparoscopic procedure was successful. The operative time ranged from 120 to 190 minutes (mean 155 minutes), and the mean blood loss was <150 mL. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.7 days (range 2-5 days), and the time of convalescence was 14 days. Complications consisted of a subcutaneous hematoma. At a mean follow-up of 23 months, symptoms and collecting system obstruction had resolved in all patients. CONCLUSION: Although laparoscopic ablation of peripelvic renal cysts is technically challenging, it is a safe and efficacious procedure and offers a favorable minimally invasive alternative for the treatment of symptomatic cysts.     

俯卧位背侧人路后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的临床分析（附12例报告）

目的：探讨俯卧位经背侧人路后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的方法和疗效。方法：回顾性分析俯卧位经背侧入路后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗12例单纯性肾囊肿患者的临床资料。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为31～67岁,平均42．6岁。术前均行泌尿系B超、静脉尿路造影（IVu）和肾脏CT平扫及增强检查明确囊肿大小、数量及位置,证实与肾盂集合系统不相通。囊肿直径4．5～12．0cm,平均7．6cm。结果：12例患者均在后腹腔镜下顺利完成手术。手术时间30～105min,平均48．5min;术中出血量5～25ml,平均14．2ml;术后住院时间3～6天,平均4．8天。围手术期未出现并发症。随访12~20个月,平均15．3个月,未见囊肿复发。结论：俯卧位背侧入路后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗单纯性肾囊肿安全可行。经背侧入路后腹腔镜手术的成功实施为临床手术路径的研究提供一种新的思路。     

Laparoscopic ablation of peripelvic renal cysts

Recently, laparoscopic surgery has been reported for symptomatic renal cysts. A 60-year-old female was referred to Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital with a chief complaint of general fatigue and left back pain. CT demonstrated bilateral peripelvic renal cysts, and DIP demonstrated left hydronephrosis and a medical shift of the left renal pelvis. Laparoscopic ablation of bilateral peripelvic renal cysts was performed under general anesthesia and a round excision was made in the cyst wall via the peritoneum. After surgery, the left back pain disappeared and CT demonstrated resolution of peripelvic renal cysts. Laparoscopic ablation of peripelvic renal cyst is a highly effective and minimally morbid procedure.     

腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶引流术8例报告

目的:探讨经腹腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶引流术的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析8例患者的临床资料。结果:8例患者全部治愈,无中转手术,手术时间20~43m in,平均28m in,无并发症发生,住院3~6d,随访最长2年,最短半年,囊肿无复发。结论:经腹腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶引流术具有创伤小,视野清晰,手术时间短,术后患者疼痛轻、康复快、住院时间短等优点,值得临床应用。     

超声引导下穿刺注射乙醇治疗肾盂旁囊肿

目的 总结超声引导下穿刺治疗肾盂旁囊肿的经验体会,探讨其临床效果。方法 对169例肾盂旁囊肿患者行超声引导下穿刺注射乙醇治疗。其中囊肿压迫致肾积水36例（21．3％）,合并肾结石8例（4．7％）,全部经B超和静脉肾盂造影（IVP）检查,59例行cT检查。诊断明确后行经皮肾穿刺,穿出囊液立即行尿胺试验,对尿胺试验阴性者,以及尿胺阳性但囊肿造影确定与肾盂不相通者,用95％乙醇进行硬化治疗。自穿刺后1,3,6个月和1年时复查B超观察囊肿大小,以后每年随访1次。随访时间为6个月至5年。结果 囊肿治愈165例（97．6％）,囊肿缩小至≤1．5cm4例（2．4％）。36例肾积水全部缓解;8例肾结石,4例行体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）后结石排出,2例行经皮肾镜取石,2例结石未治疗。穿刺后出现肉眼血尿5例,3～5d自行消失。结论 超声引导下经皮穿刺治疗肾盂旁囊肿,具有安全、有效、微创、合并症少等优点。     

闭合式经后腹腔镜腔镜肾囊肿去顶

OBJECTIVE: To study the close method of retroperitoneal laparoscopic unroofing of renal cyst. METHOD: A close method retroperitoneal laparoscopic unroofing of renal cyst was attempted in 35 cases between May 1995 and December 1996. The age of the patients ranged from 30 to 72 and the cyst size from 4.0 to 9.3 cm. RESULTS: The operative procedure took around 50 minutes. After a 1 - 18 month follow up, we observed the disappearance of all renal cysts. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic procedure renders less trauma and discomfort to the patients and may be better indicated for symptomatic, simple renal cysts.     

腹腔镜下肾盂旁囊肿去顶减压术

目的：评价腹腔镜技术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的有效性和安全性。方法：采用腹膜后途径、经腹腔途径及单孔腹腔镜技术行肾盂旁囊肿去顶减压术21例。结果：21例患者手术全部成功。手术时间35～150min,平均55min;术中出血量5～100ml,平均30ml。术后2～5天（平均3．2天）拔除引流管。术后住院时间4～9天,平均6．5天。1例术中肾盂修补者术后漏尿1天,引流量为200ml,其余围术期无并发症。术后随访2～36个月,无复发。结论：腹腔镜技术治疗肾盂旁囊肿具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点,疗效满意,是肾盂旁囊肿治疗的理想方式。     

后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术(附38例报告)

目的探讨后腹腔镜技术在肾囊肿去顶术中的应用。方法回顾性分析38例后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术患者的临床资料,其中,右肾16例,左肾22例,肾上极12例,肾中部16例,肾下极10例。结果除1例因肾周严重粘连而改行开放手术,余37例均手术成功,手术时间45~120(平均65)min,手术出血量10~80(平均40)ml,术后住院时间3~12(平均6)天。结论后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术疗效确切,创伤小,是目前治疗单纯性肾囊肿的最佳选择。     

腹腔镜与开放性肾囊肿去顶术的比较

目的 :比较开放性与腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的疗效和优点。方法 :采用腹腔镜经腹腔途径对 4 3例肾囊肿患者进行肾囊肿去顶术。并与 2 4例开放性肾囊肿去顶术患者进行比较。结果 :腹腔镜手术时间、术后住院时间均显著少于开放性手术 (P <0 0 1)。术后随访 3～ 12个月 ,未见复发。结论 :经腹腔途径腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗肾囊肿 ,疗效好 ,患者创伤小 ,术后康复快 ,明显优于开放性手术。     

Laparoscopic management of renal cystic disease

Laparoscopic management of renal cystic disease is a highly effective, safe, and minimally invasive alternative to open surgery and antegrade or retrograde endoscopic procedures. Simple renal cysts can be accessed either transperitoneally or retroperitoneally. Almost all studies of the laparoscopic approach have demonstrated great satisfaction in terms of efficacy, minimal complications, operative time, minimal blood loss, hospital stay, recuperation, and cosmesis over other methods of treating renal cysts. Laparoscopic unroofing of peripelvic cysts is more challenging owing to their proximity to hilar vessels and the collecting system. Such surgery should be considered an advanced laparoscopic procedure. Access may be achieved either transperitoneally or retroperitoneoscopically. The basic principle of adequate exposure is essential for effective treatment. If the cyst is not completely excised, the surgeon must fulgurate the edge and tack perirenal fat in the residual cyst cavity to prevent recurrence and facilitate drainage. Laparoscopic evaluation of complex cysts seems to be sound. The results are promising, and follow-up does not show any increase in peritoneal seeding, tract recurrence, or distant metastases in the small number of neoplasms diagnosed at laparoscopy. Nevertheless, more studies are required with long-term follow-up. Bosniak type IV renal cysts or malignancy in renal cysts can be managed by laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with either access. Laparoscopic cyst marsupialization in patients with ADPKD is the latest emerging indication for laparoscopy in renal cystic disease. This procedure not only effectively reduces pain in some patients but also improves hypertension and stabilizes renal function, delaying renal replacement therapy. Long-term follow-up and further evaluation are needed.     

经腹膜后腹腔镜囊肿去顶术治疗肾囊肿的初步体会

目的：总结经腹膜后腹腔镜囊肿去顶术治疗单纯性肾囊肿的经验，讨论手术适应证和手术要点，方法：采用经腹膜后腹腔镜囊肿去顶术治疗肾囊肿患者32例，结果：31例手术成功，1例转为开放手术，微小并发症发生率为16％，技术熟练后无并发症发生，1例术后3个月复发，术后平均住院3天，结论：经腹膜后腹腔镜囊肿去顶术创伤小，患者康复快，宜为肾囊肿外科治疗的首选术式。     

The role of retroperitoneoscopy in the management of renal and adrenal pathology.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the technique, findings and results of retroperitoneoscopic ablation of recalcitrant renal, giant adrenal and complex peripelvic cysts, and nephrectomy for nonfunctioning congenital anomalous kidneys. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nine patients (six men and three women, mean age 56 years, range 44-68, five with renal, two with adrenal and two with peripelvic cysts, diameter 6-14 cm) were treated by retroperitoneoscopic cyst ablation using three 10-mm ports. Six further patients (two male and four female, mean age 24 years, range 13-38) underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy using three or four ports for anomalous nonfunctioning kidneys; three patients had a pelvic kidney, two a horseshoe kidney and one an iliac kidney. Isthmusectomy was also performed in the patients with horseshoe kidneys. RESULTS: Retroperitoneoscopic cyst ablation was successful in all nine patients; the mean (range) operative duration was 69 (50-85) min in patients with simple renal and adrenal cysts, and 185 (160-210) min in patients with peripelvic cysts. The mean (range) blood loss was 130 (50-200) mL and hospital stay 2.33 (2-4) days. At the last follow-up, 15-39 months after the procedure, all patients were asymptomatic and satisfied with the outcome, with no recurrence of cysts. Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy with isthmusectomy (when applicable) was successful in the six patients with anomalous kidneys, with a mean (range) operative duration of 105 (85-120) min; the mean (range) blood loss was 116 (75-150) mL and the analgesic requirement 208 (150-250) mg of diclofenac sodium. The hospital stay was 2-3 days and the delay before return to preoperative activity 7-14 days. CONCLUSIONS: Retroperitoneoscopic cyst ablation is a safe and effective method to treat symptomatic cysts of the upper urinary tract which are refractory to other forms of management. Dissection is difficult in patients with peripelvic cysts. Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for anomalous kidneys is a challenging procedure because of the abnormal location, anomalous vessels and presence of an isthmus. With advances in laparoscopy and increasing experience, open surgery for such conditions is likely to become obsolete.     

腹腔镜与开放手术行肾囊肿去顶减压术的对比研究

目的:比较腹腔镜与开放手术行肾囊肿去顶减压术的临床疗效。方法:回顾37例腹腔镜单纯性肾囊肿去顶减压术,与38例开放手术的临床资料。结果:术中平均出血量,术后住院时间,术后平均引流量,术后止痛药应用比例腹腔镜组均优于开放组,手术时间、住院费用腹腔镜组与开放组差异无显著性。结论:腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术具有创伤小,患者康复快,术后住院时间短等优点,是肾囊肿去顶术的首选方法。     

Long-term results of laparoscopic unroofing of symptomatic solitary nonparasitic hepatic cysts

The long-term results of laparoscopic unroofing for symptomatic solitary nonparasitic hepatic cysts have not been well demonstrated. During the last 8 years, five patients with symptomatic solitary nonparasitic hepatic cysts underwent laparoscopic unroofing. Their symptoms were right-upper-quadrant pain (in three patients) and epigastric pain (in two). Accompanying the hepatic cysts were acute cholecystitis in one case and adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder in another. Perioperative data, including operation time, estimated blood loss, complications, hospital stay, and mortality rate, were evaluated. There were no conversions to open laparotomy. Cysts were located in segments 4 and 5 in three patients, segment 3 in one, and segment 8 in another, and the mean size of the cysts was 10.4 cm in diameter (range: 7-18 cm). In four cases cholecystectomy was performed simultaneously. Mean operation time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay were 182 minutes (range: 72-270), 168 mL (range: minimal to 800 mL), and 9.4 days (range: 7-12), respectively. There were no deaths or instances of major morbidity. During a mean follow-up period of 66 months (range: 35-102), one patient had a recurrent lesion requiring reoperation. Laparoscopic unroofing is a feasible and safe procedure for patients with symptomatic solitary nonparasitic hepatic cysts. Strict patient selection, accurate location of the cyst within the liver, and a sufficiently wide unroofing technique are needed for the outcome to be successful.     

Cholelithiasis and renal cysts: simultaneous laparoscopic treatment

Laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly used in different fields of surgery. This report concerns the authors' experience with combined laparoscopic cholecystectomy and symptomatic renal cyst decortication. The mean diameter of the cysts was 11.2 cm. and involved the left and right kidney in 3 and 1 patient, respectively. All cysts were peripheral. Surgery was performed using 4 trocars in 3 cases and 5 trocars in the other. The mean operative time was 110 minutes and mean blood loss 40 cc. Postoperative pain was minimal. The mean duration of postoperative ileus was 2.2 days. No significant complications were observed. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.5 days. At follow-up examinations all patients were pain-free. Recurrence of the cyst was observed in only one case. Combined laparoscopic cholecystectomy and renal cyst decortication is technically feasible in selected cases and does not seem to significantly affect the perioperative course of cholecystectomy.     

Results and complications of 50 laparoscopic nephrectomies for live donor renal transplantation

Living donors represent 30% of kidneys for renal transplantation. Laparoscopic nephrectomy is the best surgical procedure due to its clear advantages: low morbidity, less blood transfusion requirements, and shorter donor hospitalization. From March 2002 to August 2004, we performed 50 laparoscopic nephrectomies for transplantation to recipients who were prescribed tacrolimus (0.1 mg/kg bid), mycophenolate mofetil (1 gr bid), and prednisone (0.5-1 mg/kg per day PO from 48 hours before transplantation). Mean surgery time was 170 minutes (120-260); warm ischemia time, 3.1 minutes (1.5-10); and cold ischemia time, 1.27 hours (0.85-4). Mean bleeding was 270 cc (100-900), and mean donor hospitalization was 5.5 days (3-9). Four cases required conversion of the laparoscopic procedure to open surgery because of bleeding. Seventy-two hours posttransplantation, the mean plasma creatinine was 170 micromol/L. None of the patients suffered delayed graft function. Eighteen percent experienced acute rejection episodes. Donor and recipient survivals were 100% at 1 year, and graft survival, 94% (kidney losses were due to acute rejection, severe acute pancreatitis, and surgical complications).     

腹腔镜肾折叠术治疗巨大肾积水(附12例报告)

目的　探讨腹腔镜肾折叠术治疗巨大肾积水的可行性及初步临床经验。　方法　巨大肾积水 12例。男 5例 ,女 7例。年龄 19～ 6 4岁 ,平均 4 3岁。左侧 7例 ,右侧 5例。输尿管上段结石4例 ,肾盂输尿管连接部 (UPJ)梗阻 2例 ,输尿管中段结石 2例 ,肾盂结石 3例 ,输尿管中段狭窄 1例。通过腹腔镜解除上尿路梗阻并于镜下用 2 0可吸收线“8”字缝合肾皮质 ,将肾脏中盏缝至上盏、下盏缝至中盏 ,折叠为拳头大小 ,并缝合肾周筋膜。　结果　 12例手术均取得成功。手术时间 75～ 2 10min ,术中出血 5 0～ 2 0 0ml。术后 1～ 4d肛门排气 ,1～ 3d拔除腹腔引流管 ,1周拔除导尿管并出院。术后 1个月于膀胱镜下拔除双J管 ,无尿漏 ,随访 3～ 18个月 ,无输尿管狭窄 ,IVU及经腹超声 (BUS)复查显示患肾积水明显减轻 ,核素电子断层扫描 (ECT)检查术侧肾脏肾小球滤过率 (GFR)好转 ,肾功能有不同程度恢复。　结论　腹腔镜肾折叠手术是巨大肾积水保肾手术的微创途径 ,不仅可以促进肾解剖和肾功能的恢复 ,加快尿囊内尿液排出 ,减少术后感染和结石的形成 ,创伤小、恢复快、痛苦少。     

Laparoscopic transperitoneal decortication of a giant peripelvic renal cyst

Laparoscopic decortication is currently considered the standard treatment of peripelvic renal cysts, in spite of the technical challenge due to the close contiguity with renal hilar structures. However, to date, few small series or single cases of laparoscopic decortication for symptomatic peripelvic cyst have been reported. In this paper, we report the first case of a giant peripelvic cyst (25 x 18 x 9 cm) treated by transperitoneal laparoscopic decortication in a young adult female. Pain relief and hypertension control were obtained early after surgery, and the patient is symptom free at a 30-month follow-up.     

腹腔镜下成人脐疝修补术26例疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下成人脐疝修补术的有效性、优越性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年11月至2013年03月苏州大学附属第二医院普外科26例腹腔镜脐疝修补术患者的临床资料。结果26例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜脐疝修补术,除1例疝环较小行腔镜下直接缝合修补外,均行腹腔内补片置入修补术（IPOM）。合并胆结石2例,同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,合并肝囊肿及白线疝1例,同时行腹腔镜下肝囊肿去顶术及白线疝修补术。术后住院3—7d,平均4d。术后随访3～63个月,平均28个月。复发1例;发生血清肿2例;术后发生腹壁钉合区域疼痛6例。结论腹腔镜下成人脐疝修补术是一种微创、安全、有效的方法,且有较好的保脐美容效果。