二尖瓣成形术112例

目的总结先天性心脏病合并二尖瓣关闭不全患者的二尖瓣成形手术方法和临床效果. 方法 112例先天性心脏病患者主要病种为房室间隔缺损29例、室间隔缺损25例、动脉导管未闭14例、房间隔缺损14例等,合并二尖瓣关闭不全的主要病理改变为瓣环扩大58例、瓣叶裂隙37例、前、后瓣叶脱垂36例等.二尖瓣成形方法为瓣叶裂隙缝合34例,Cosgrove环环缩瓣环22例,交界环缩18例,双孔法14例等.术中左心室注水观察、评价成形后二尖瓣反流程度,脱离体外循环后食管超声心动图观察成形结果. 结果全组无死亡,1例因人工腱索断裂行二尖瓣置换术,术后门诊随访二尖瓣反流0 ～Ⅰ级72例,Ⅱ级26例.术前左心室舒张期末直径大于或等于45 mm 62例,术后随访左心房、左心室缩小,与术前比较差别有显著性意义(t=6.53,7.89,P<0.001). 结论先天性心脏病合并二尖瓣关闭不全病理改变较多,根据不同病理改变采取相应的二尖瓣成形方法,甚至需要同时采用多种措施才能获得满意效果;术中行食管超声心动图能为判断手术效果提供有益的帮助.     

先天性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

本组１５４例先天性二尖瓣关闭不全患者中，单纯关闭不全者２３例，有合并畸形者１３１例。二尖瓣修复手术１４４例，换瓣１０例。修复手术包括交界折叠术１２５例；瓣膜裂隙缝合术１１例；大瓣孔洞修补术１例；小瓣部分切除缝合加瓣环成形术３例；大瓣腱索延长缩短术４例。全组早、晚期死亡各１例，修复不满意再手术换瓣者２例，生物瓣衰竭再手术者１例。作者认为，术前彩超检查对本病的诊断是简捷有效的方法。手术以瓣膜修复为主，根据不同病变采用各种修复方法。本组修复手术未用人工环，效果满意。对于病变严重，经修复不满意者需行二尖瓣替换。儿童换瓣选用稍大型号的双叶瓣为宜     

先心病并发细菌性心内膜炎的外科治疗

对１８例先天性心脏畸形并发细菌性心内膜炎病人进行直视心脏手术，其中１３例在感染控制后手术，５例于感染活动期行限期或急症手术。感染病灶主要在左心系统者５例，其中３例主动脉瓣叶破坏行瓣膜替换，２例二尖瓣大瓣腱索断裂行腱索移植和瓣环成形。病灶主要在右心系统者１３例，剔除或切除病变组织和赘生物并行三尖瓣修复５例，带单瓣人工血管片加宽右室流出道１例。所有先天性心脏畸形均同期处理。手术死亡１例，死亡率５．６％。本组资料表明：先心病并发细菌性心内膜炎者感染病灶多在右心系统，常伴肺部感染，应积极控制感染和尽早手术，于彻底清除病灶同时矫治先天性心脏畸形；对损毁瓣膜尽可能采用修复术。术后选用抗生素的种类和疗程应根据不同病情而区别对待。     

二尖瓣脱垂的手术矫治

作者报告３５例二尖瓣脱垂采用成形术治疗的结果。病因为退行性变、先天性心脏病、外伤和风湿性心脏病。其中病变累及二尖瓣前叶者７例，后叶者２６例，前后叶病变者２例，均有瓣环扩大，腱索细长、断裂或瓣叶裂隙。手术采用部分瓣叶切除、折叠缝合、交界环缩或加用人工环固定疗效满意。作者就手术适应症和方法进行讨论     

后环缝缩矫正二尖瓣关闭不全

目的总结二尖瓣后环缝缩治疗二尖瓣关闭不全（ＭＩ）的临床经验。方法回顾近１０年采用后瓣环缝缩成形治疗ＭＩ的３５例,其中２７例合并先天性畸形,轻度ＭＩ３例,中度ＭＩ２４例,重度ＭＩ８例。全后瓣环缝缩７例,部分后瓣环缝缩２８例,同时行腱索成形７例,瓣叶成形１４例。结果全组无手术死亡。２１例（６００％）完成纠正ＭＩ,１１例（３１４％）基本纠正,３例（８６％）仍轻中度ＭＩ。随访３个月～１０年,３４例心功能Ｉ级,１例术后５年因肺动脉高压死于右心衰。结论二尖瓣后环缝缩是一种简单、安全和有效的瓣环成形方法     

二尖瓣脱垂并关闭不全的外科修补

目的：总结二尖瓣脱垂的外科修复经验,方法：对44例二尖脱垂患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。44例患者中风湿性2例,非风湿性42例（22例合并先天性心脏病）,关不全中度24例,重度20例,腱索断裂或缺如12例,腱索过长32例,其中多根腱索过长6例,治疗行腱索移植10例,健索缩短25例（多根腱索短6例）,人工腱索1例,瓣叶折叠3例,瓣叶切除5例,同时行瓣裂缝合8例,瓣环成形28例（后环缝缩14例）,结果：结果：全组无手术死亡病例,1例风湿性患者术后1个月发生左心房血栓再次手术行瓣膜替换,二尖瓣功能正常34例（77．8％）,基本正常6（13．6％）,残留轻至中度关闭不全3例（6．8％）,随访1－18例（平均6．5年）,效果良好,结论：外科修复治疗二尖瓣脱垂是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

改良人工腱索联合瓣环成形术在二尖瓣脱垂修复中的应用及远期随访结果

目的探索改良的人工腱索技术联合人工瓣环成形术修复二尖瓣前叶或/和后叶脱垂引起的二尖瓣关闭不全及其近、远期随访效果。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2014年6月我院应用改良人工腱索技术联合人工瓣环成形术修复二尖瓣前叶或/和后叶脱垂引起的重度二尖瓣关闭不全112例患者的临床资料,其中男69例、女43例,年龄5~73(51.4±14.4)岁。术中在脱垂瓣叶对应的乳头肌上将不带垫片的膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)缝线作U型缝合,两头的针线则均在距缘3~5 mm处缝合于脱垂瓣叶的游离缘,先将每根线在脱垂的瓣缘缝两针,在置入C型二尖瓣成形环后,通过左心室的反复注水试验,调整人工腱索的长度至最佳位置,直至完全纠正瓣叶脱垂和二尖瓣反流,最后每根针线再在瓣缘缝一针,打结固定。结果全组患者均成功行二尖瓣成形术,每例患者平均植入1~3(2.4±0.7)根e PTFE人工腱索。二尖瓣成形术后,术中经胸超声心动图提示78例患者无二尖瓣反流,34例患者为轻度二尖瓣反流。出院时,复查经胸超声心动图提示二尖瓣无反流72例,轻度反流39例,轻中度反流1例。与术前相比,术后左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)明显缩小[(58.6±8.7)mm vs.(50.7±6.3)mm],P0.001]。术后随访3~105(41.5±24.8)个月时,无反流或轻度反流93例,轻中度反流16例,中度反流3例。术后5年,中度以上二尖瓣关闭不全免除率为95.1%±3.0%。结论应用该改良人工腱索技术联合人工瓣环成形术修复瓣叶脱垂引起的二尖瓣关闭不全,操作简单易行,人工腱索的调整、固定方便,近、远期效果良好。     

全胸腔镜人工腱索二尖瓣成形术的近期结果

目的评价全胸腔镜二尖瓣成形的手术效果,介绍腔镜下人工腱索构建的个人经验与体会。方法回顾性分析2013年5月至2016年6月体外循环下行全胸腔镜人工腱索二尖瓣成形术71例二尖瓣关闭不全患者的临床资料,其中男47例、女24例,年龄13~78(46.1±14.5)岁。患者病因包括退行性瓣膜病63例,先天性瓣膜病变4例,感染性心内膜炎2例,风湿性瓣膜病1例,心肌病1例。前瓣病变26例,后瓣19例,前后瓣25例,以瓣环扩大为主1例;合并交界区病变13例。二尖瓣反流面积4.2~26.3(12.2±5.6)cm2。手术均在全胸腔镜心脏停跳下进行,以5-0 Gore-tex线为人工腱索材料,均采用逐一单根植入的方法构建人工腱索。结果瓣膜成形转瓣膜置换1例,术中转正中开胸止血1例,无住院死亡病例。体外循环时间(156.0±31.6)min,主动脉阻断时间(110.0±20.1)min。单纯二尖瓣成形39例,二尖瓣成形+三尖瓣成形28例,二尖瓣成形+房间隔缺损修补3例,二尖瓣成形+部分型肺静脉异位引流矫治1例。平均每例患者植入人工腱索1~7(2.5±1.7)根,65例植入二尖瓣成形环。术中经食管超声检查,无反流44例,反流面积0~2 cm2 24例,反流面积2 cm2 3例。反流面积2 cm2的3例患者均有明显的二尖瓣前叶收缩期前向运动(SAM)征,再次阻断主动脉行瓣膜置换1例,再次成形1例,另1例保守治疗。随访1~36(12.7±10.5)个月,失访2例,随访率97.2%。重度反流3例,中度反流5例,轻度或轻微反流27例,未见二尖瓣反流36例。随访期间死亡1例,脑梗死1例,无再次手术病例。结论全胸腔镜下采用单根植入法行人工腱索二尖瓣成形可获得良好效果,其难点在于如何确定腱索长度及保持这一长度的稳定性。     

二尖瓣成形术治疗132例中、重度二尖瓣关闭不全患儿的中期疗效

目的 探讨儿童中重度二尖瓣关闭不全成形术的手术方法及治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析132例中重度二尖瓣关闭不全患儿资料,年龄2个月～6岁,平均(18.9±7.2)个月;体质量4～21kg,平均(11.3±4.8)kg.先天性心脏病126例,感染性心内膜炎5例,马方综合征1例.全组患儿均在全麻中低温体外循环下,采用瓣环环缩术、人工瓣环成形术、瓣叶裂缺修补术、后瓣矩形或三角形切除成形术、腱索折叠等个体化的二尖瓣综合成形技术,同期矫治合并的心脏畸形,术中经食管超声(TEE)检查评价成形效果.结果 全组患儿术中TEE示131例无反流或轻度反流;1例中度反流再次行体外循环下二尖瓣成形.术中平均体外循环(80.0±31.1) min,平均主动脉阻断(48.0±17.9) min.早期死亡3例,病死率2.3％,其中2例为完全型房室间隔缺损患儿,分别于术后第7天死于心力衰竭,术后第2天死于低心排血量综合征;1例为大型室间隔缺损合并重度肺动脉高压患儿,术后1个月死于肺部感染.129例成功治愈出院,术后呼吸机辅助(34.4±31.9)h,术后住院(9.0±5.4)天.完整随访122例,时间2～74个月,平均(40.5±8.3)个月.随访期间无死亡.复查超声心动图提示中度反流7例,重度反流3例,4例患儿再次行二尖瓣成形或二尖瓣置换术.本组患儿5年生存率97.7％,免除再手术率92.0％.结论 儿童中重度二尖瓣关闭不全应早期行手术治疗,合并其他心脏畸形需同期矫治,手术治疗的早、中期效果满意.术中根据二尖瓣的具体病变情况,采取个体化的综合成形方法是成功治疗儿童中重度二尖瓣关闭不全的关键.     

右腋下小切口二尖瓣成形术68例

目的探讨经右腋下小切口行二尖瓣成形术的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2011年12月经右腋下5～10 cm小切口行二尖瓣成形术68例的资料。二尖瓣成形方法包括瓣叶裂隙修补6例,瓣叶部分切除28例,交界成形12例,双孔成形10例,人工腱索6例,腱索缩短3例,瓣叶心包补片修补3例;68例中人工瓣环植入38例。结果 68例手术均顺利完成,无严重并发症发生,无手术死亡。术后1周复查超声心动图,二尖瓣无明显反流或仅微量反流52例,轻度反流16例。随访65例,随访时间3个月～8年,其中〉3年32例,2例复发二尖瓣重度关闭不全,经胸骨正中切口行二尖瓣置换手术。其余患者二尖瓣反流均在中度以下。结论右腋下小切口二尖瓣成形术创伤小,出血少,临床效果良好,并且切口位置隐蔽,美容效果好。     

Mitral regurgitation due to ruptured chordae tendineae. Early and late results of valve repair

From 1958 through 1980, 131 patients had repair of ruptured chordae tendineae of the mitral valve; 62% were men. Ages ranged from 5 to 70 years (median 57). Chordae to the anterior mitral leaflet were ruptured in 44 patients (34%), to the posterior mitral leaflet in 85 (65%), and to both leaflets in two patients (1%). The mitral valve was repaired by leaflet plication without resection in 116 patients, plication after wedge resection of the unsupported leaflet in six, Ivalon sponge buttress of the posterior leaflet in three, resuspension of chordae in two, and annuloplasty alone in the remaining four. Mitral valve annuloplasty was performed in addition to leaflet repair in 115 patients (88%). Operative (less than 30 days) mortality was 6.1%. Survival rate of patients dismissed from the hospital was 92% at 5 years and 73% at 10 years. There were no differences in late survival or risk of reoperation for recurrent or residual mitral insufficiency between patients with ruptured chordae to the anterior leaflet and those with ruptured chordae to the posterior leaflet. Survival was significantly better for the group with repair than it was for a group that underwent mitral valve replacement for ruptured chordae during this same time interval (5 year survival rate, 92% versus 72%, p less than 0.003). The incidence of thromboembolism after repair was 1.8 episodes/100 patient-years compared with 8.0 episodes/100 patient-years after replacement. Our data indicate that valvuloplasty is the procedure of choice for most patients with mitral regurgitation owing to ruptured chordae tendineae, including selected patients with ruptured chordae to the anterior leaflet.     

Congenital Anomalous Chordae Tendinae of the Mitral Valve: An Unusual Presentation of Mitral Insufficiency in Children

Abstract : Anomalous chordae tendinae (CT) originating from mitral valve leaflet is a rare congenital mitral valve anomaly. Our case report is unique as this anomaly is extremely rare in this pediatric age group. The anomalous CT extended from anterior mitral leaflet to the atrial septum (AS). Surgical repair in the form of anomalous CT excision, anterior leaflet chordoplasty, and posterior mitral annuloplasty was successfully performed. Congenital mitral valve (MV) leaflet or chordae anomalies are rare. In anomalous CT from MV leaflet to the AS, the surgical experience is extremely limited and only reported in adults and adolescents. 1 - 4 We describe an unusual presentation of severe mitral insufficiency (MR) associated with anomalous CT from the anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL) to the AS that prompted successful repair during childhood. (J Card Surg 2010;25:584‐585)     

Mitral insufficiency due to ruptured chordae tendineae--clinical features, early and late results of valve replacement and repair

To evaluate the early and late results of mitral valve replacement and reconstruction for mitral insufficiency due to ruptured chordae tendineae respectively, 74 consecutive cases were analyzed. Fifty-five (74.3%) of the patients were men, and the mean age was 48 +/- 12 years old (range 16 to 76). The causes of the mitral disease were idiopathic in 50 (67.6%), rheumatic in 7 (9.4%) and infective endocarditis in 11 (14.9%) patients. In idiopathic 50 cases, 24 had mitral valve prolapse and 16 had both mitral valve prolapse and hypertension. Forty-one (55.4%) of the patients were in NYHA functional class III or IV preoperatively. Thirty (40.5%) cases underwent surgery within one year after their initial symptoms of heart failure onsets including six emergency operation cases due to uncontrollable acute lung edema. Chordae to anterior mitral leaflet were ruptured in 31 (a5, m16, p10)[41%] patients, to the posterior mitral leaflet in 45 (a4, m23, p18)[59%], and to both leaflets in one patient. Mitral valve replacement was performed in 68 patients (91.9%) and 6 patients (8.1%) underwent mitral valve repairs. Twenty cases underwent associated procedures that included tricuspid valve annuloplasty in 8, aortic valve replacement in 5 and myocardial revascularization in 4 cases. There were two operative deaths (2.4%); both occurred after replacement, left ventricular rupture in one and DIC in one. Mean follow-up period was 4.5 years (range 1 to 17) in 67 cases. There were four late deaths; all occurred after replacement. However five patients sustained mild mitral insufficiency after mitral valve repair including one that became worse of regurgitation three years after isolated Kay's annuloplasty, there were no cases that had needed reoperation and no late death after reconstruction. Left ventricular function and pulmonary arterial pressure were almost normalized in more than 90% cases postoperatively. Our data indicated that mitral valve reconstruction (McGoon's plus Kay's method as standardized maneuver) was the procedure of choice for selected patients with mitral insufficiency owing to ruptured chordae tendineae to the posterior mitral leaflet, including more limited patients with ruptured chordae to the anterior mitral leaflet.     

Artificial chordae

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures have been used for replacement of chordae tendineae since 1985. They have been used for correction of prolapse of mitral and tricuspid valve leaflets as well as for resuspension of the papillary muscles during mitral valve replacement when the native chordae cannot be preserved to maintain continuity between the mitral annulus and papillary muscles. The sutures used were 5CV Gore-Tex for replacement of the chordae tendineae of the anterior leaflet and 6CV for the posterior leaflet and commissural areas of the mitral valve. Initially one suture was used to create two artificial chordae, but as experience increased, the technique was modified and multiple pairs of artificial chordae were created with a single suture by passing successively through the fibrous portions of the a papillary muscle and the free margin of the prolapsing segment of leaflet, and tying the tends together on the papillary muscle head. This technique creates artificial chordae that are interdependent and their lengths are self-adjusting when pressure is exerted on the leaflets. From 1985 to 1998, 288 patients had artificial chordae used during mitral valve repair for degenerative disease of the mitral valve. Prolapse of both leaflets was present in 51% of patients, isolated prolapse of the anterior leaflet in 28%, and posterior leaflet in 21%. The mean follow-up was 4.8 +/- 3.0 years and was complete. At 10 years, the freedom from mitral regurgitation >2+ was 88 +/- 6% and the freedom from reoperation was 92 +/- 2%. Failures of repair were unrelated to the artificial chordae. Gore-Tex sutures are an excellent material to replace chordae tendineae, appear to be free of adverse effects, and have become a valuable adjunct to the surgical armamentarium to treat mitral and tricuspid valve disease.     

Generation of chordae tendineae with polytetrafluoroethylene stents. Results of mitral valve chordal replacement in sheep

Surgical repair of ruptured or elongated chordae tendineae of the mitral valve is one of the most complex reconstructive techniques in cardiac surgery. Various surgical procedures have been described to repair chordal abnormalities of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve with unpredictable results. Mitral valve replacement is usually recommended in that situation. This report describes a simple repair technique that we have devised. We resected one or two marginal chordae of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve in 35 sheep and replaced them with a double-armed, pledget-supported, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene suture. The 30 surviving animals were studied hemodynamically and were electively put to death 3, 6, 9, 18, and 24 months after the operation. Mitral insufficiency did not develop in any of the sheep. All specimens had a normal mitral valve without thrombosis. The polytetrafluoroethylene suture remained pliable and was incorporated into the anterior leaflet and papillary muscle. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that the suture was completely covered by a sheath of tissue with a collagen structure remarkably similar to that of a native chorda. Calcification was not detected in the new chordae. This reproducible and safe technique may considerably simplify the difficult repair of chordal abnormalities.     

Early and late results of partial plication annuloplasty for congenital mitral insufficiency

BACKGROUND: Partial plication annuloplasty is the main technique for congenital mitral insufficiency because this technique allows the mitral anulus to grow, in contrast to ring annuloplasty. However, this technique is not satisfactory for mitral insufficiency with some anomalies of the mitral valve apparatus. METHODS: Forty-one patients underwent partial plication annuloplasty for mitral regurgitation from July 1979 to December 1998. Mitral regurgitation associated with an atrioventricular defect, an atrioventricular discordance, and a univentricular heart was excluded from this study. RESULTS: There were no early or late deaths. In early results, partial plication annuloplasty was more effective for mitral regurgitation with abnormality of the posterior leaflet (n = 14) or normal leaflet motion (n = 8) than with abnormality of the anterior leaflet and its apparatus (n = 14) or absence of chordae (n = 4). The mean follow-up period was 145.8 months. During the follow-up period, 2 patients underwent mitral valve replacement, and a third patient underwent mitral valve repair with partial plication annuloplasty after the first repair. The main cause of mitral regurgitation of 2 of the 3 patients was absence of chordae. The actuarial freedom from reoperation rate was 94.9% +/- 3.6%, 91.9% +/- 4.7%, and 91.9% +/- 4.7% at 5, 10, and 15 years after the operation, respectively. CONCLUSION: Early and long-term results of partial plication annuloplasty were acceptable for congenital mitral insufficiency with any type of malformation of the mitral valve, and results were excellent with abnormality of the posterior leaflet and its apparatus or normal leaflet motion. However, late results were suboptimal for mitral regurgitation with absence of chordae. Other techniques, such as artificial chorda replacement, should be adapted in these cases.     

Replacement of Chordae Tendineae with Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Sutures

One or more primary chordae tendineae of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve was replaced with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sutures in 22 patients as part of mitral valve reconstructive procedure. One patient with flail anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve also had replacement of chordae tendineae with a PTFE suture. These patients have been followed from 2 to 48 months, mean of 17 months. Valve function has been assessed annually by Doppler echocardiography. The PTFE chordae cannot be visualized by two- dimensional echocardiography but they seem to allow the leaflet to move normally during the cardiac cycle. The function of the repaired valve in these 23 patients has remained most satisfactory during the observed interval. We believe that PTFE sutures can be used safely to replace diseased chordae tendineae of the mitral and tricuspid valves when conventional techniques of chordal repair are not possible.     

Partial tricuspid valve transfer for repair of mitral insufficiency due to ruptured chordae tendineae

BACKGROUND: A new technique is suggested for the reconstructive surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation. It involves partial transfer of the tricuspid valve of the patient to the mitral valve, in order to provide chordae to correct anterior leaflet prolapse of the mitral valve, secondary to rupture of the chordae tendineae. METHODS: From January 1991 to May 1997, 20 patients with mitral insufficiency due to rupture of the chordae were operated on. The prevailing cause was myxomatous degeneration (70%). Patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III and IV. RESULTS: There were no hospital deaths. Two patients were reoperated on. Eighteen patients (90%) are alive with their own valves (class I and II). Doppler echocardiogram mean values were: ejection fraction, 0.65; left atrial diameter, 4.2 cm; mitral area, 2.4 cm2; mitral transvalvular gradient, 3.3 mm Hg. No regurgitation or mild regurgitation was observed in 16 (94.1%) of the 17 cases evaluated. Mean tricuspid valvular area was 3.3 cm2. In all cases, no tricuspid regurgitation was present or it was mild. CONCLUSIONS: Partial transfer of the tricuspid valve to the mitral valve is an effective procedure for the surgical treatment of mitral valve insufficiency secondary to ruptured chordae tendineae of the anterior leaflet.     

Replacement of Mitral Valve Posterior Chordae Tendineae with Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Suture: A Finite Element Study

A bstract Background and Aims : Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) suture has been used clinically for replacement of ruptured mitral valve chordae tendineae. The purpose of this study was to assess mitral valve function after posterior chordal replacement with ePTFE suture. Methods : A three-dimensional finite element computer model of the mitral valve was used, which incorporated geometry, regional tissue thickness, collagen fiber orientation, and anisotropic material properties for the leaflets, interface, and chordae tendineae. To simulate chordal rupture, four marginal and four basal chordae were removed from the posterior leaflet. Chordal replacement was simulated using two elements with the physical and material properties of 2–0 ePTFE suture. Systolic loading pressures were applied. Results : The chordal rupture model demonstrated posterior leaflet prolapse, abnormal stress concentrations, potential regurgitation, and elevated chordal stress. Conversely, the chordal replacement model corrected the prolapse and returned chordal stress to normal levels. However, stress concentrations were shown at suture attachment points. Conclusions : This integrated mitral valve finite element model provides a tool to investigate the performance of the valve system. In this study, we have shown that 2–0 ePTFE suture replacement of ruptured posterior chordae tendineae returns the valve to a near normal state, in terms of leaflet stress and coaptation, and chordal stresses.     

实时三维超声在人工腱索二尖瓣成形术中的应用

目的 评价实时三维超声心动图在人工腱索植入行二尖瓣成形术中的应用价值.方法 31例二尖瓣脱垂病人,采用4-0 Goretex线为材料构建人工腱索行二尖瓣成形术,在术前、术中和术后分别行实时三维超声心动图检查.术前测量病人的正常腱索长度,通常测量二尖瓣前叶A1节段和后叶P1节段的腱索长度,以指导手术方案的制定.术中和术后采用实时三维超声检查以评价手术治疗效果.术中所有病人均同时植入人工二尖瓣成形环.结果 无手术死亡病例,体外循环(142.0±31.2)min、主动脉阻断(98.0±22.5)min.每例病人植入人工腱索1～3根,平均(2.0±1.5)根.术前三维超声测量的人工腱索的预期长度平均为(21.0±2.5)mm,术中实际植入的人工腱索的长度平均为(20.0±2.2)mm,二者比较差异无统计学意义.随访3～30个月,随访率98%.出现轻微反流15例,轻度反流1例,中度反流1例,无需再次手术治疗病例.未发现Goretex线人工腱索断裂,无后期死亡.结论 人工腱索植入二尖瓣成形术可获得良好的近、中期效果,实时三维超声可准确预测人工腱索的长度,对提高手术效果有重要帮助.