儿童朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症临床特征与 BRAF V600E基因突变的相关性分析

目的:总结儿童朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的临床特征,分析 BRAF V600E基因突变与LCH的相关性。 方法:回顾性分析中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院儿科肿瘤专科2013年4月至2019年12月收治的60例LCH患儿的临床特征,其中有39例患儿完善 BRAF V600E基因检测,分...     

儿童朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的临床及BRAF基因突变研究

目的 总结朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)患儿临床特征,分析BRAF基因突变与临床特征的关系。方法 回顾性性分析2019年—2021年湖南省儿童医院收治的46例LCH患儿临床资料,采用下一代基因测序方法检测BRAF基因突变,分析其与临床特征的关系。结果 28例(61%)病灶组织检测出BRAF基因突变,其中26例为V600E突变。BRAF突变与年龄、性别、RO+、MS无关。9例出现疾病进展,均为MS-LCH,其中8例加用阿糖胞苷化疗(其中5例口服达拉非尼治疗),6例好转,1例处于中间反应状态,1例放弃后死亡。结论 LCH患儿BRAF基因突变率高,其临床意义需进一步探讨。达拉非尼可能有助于提高二线治疗BRAF基因突变患儿的好转率。     

儿童朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的BRAF-V600E基因突变及临床意义

目的 探讨儿童朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症（LCH）的BRAF-V600E基因突变的意义。方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测26例儿童LCH患儿石蜡包埋组织样本中的BRAF-V600E基因突变情况,并回顾性分析BRAF-V600E基因突变与临床特征及预后的关系。结果 25例患儿接受正规化疗,2年总生存率（OS）及无事件生存率（EFS）分别为100%、88%。70%（18/26）的病理标本来自骨组织,BRAF-V600E基因突变阳性率达50%（13/26）。BRAF-V600E基因突变与LCH患儿年龄、性别、受累器官、临床分类、早期治疗效果、复发情况以及2年OS及EFS均无相关性（P > 0.05）,但与LCH的临床分组相关（P < 0.05）。结论 LCH患儿总体生存率较高,BRAF-V600E基因突变发生率高,BRAF-V600E基因突变与LCH临床分组相关。     

克拉屈滨治疗儿童难治性朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症并发肝损伤1例并文献复习

目的讨论并鉴别克拉屈滨引起的少见的不良反应—药物性肝损伤(DILI),提高克拉屈滨治疗儿童难治性朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的临床用药安全性。方法回顾性分析1例1岁5月男性难治性LCH,经LCH-Ⅲ诱导方案、Japan LCH-SG 96 B诱导方案两次诱导后治疗反应差,评估病情再活动,转入更为强烈的LCH-S-2005方案:克拉屈滨9mg/(m~2·d)联合阿糖胞苷1g/(m~2·d)治疗,一个疗程共5d,并复习相关文献。结果该病例在用药后出现严重肝脏毒性,表现为肝大、显著高胆红素血症、肝酶不高,CT影像改变肝大,密度减低,门静脉周围见条状低密度影,临床表现类似肝窦闭塞综合征(SOS)。该病例同时发生了4级血液学毒性最后死于肺部感染。结论临床医师需注意克拉屈滨引起药物性肝损伤的问题,而且可能在原来存在肝脏基础疾病的患者中更易出现。克拉屈滨治疗前肝功能的充分评估、治疗过程中肝功能的密切监测、血药浓度监测、及时的病理学诊断、剂量的个体化调整等,是今后克拉屈滨应用过程中需要重视和关注的要点。     

核苷类似物治疗儿童朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症

朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症（Langerhans cell histiocytosis,LCH）是一组由朗格罕细胞为主的组织细胞在机体网状内皮系统内广泛增生、浸润为基本特征的疾病,全身各器官、系统均可受累,其中肝、脾、血液系统和肺被认为是受累的危险器官［1］。LCH的异质性很强,单系统和（或）无危险器官受累患儿对常规治疗反应好,个别甚至可自愈,长期生存率在90％以上,而多系统尤其伴危险器官受累的高危患儿对常规化疗反应不佳,成为难治或复发病例,预后不良［2］。近些年,陆续报道了核苷类似物对难治和复发LCH患者的挽救治疗及一线治疗,效果令人振奋。本文就此方面进展进行综述。     

36例朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症的临床与病理分析

目的分析朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(langerhans cell histiocytosis,LCH)传统分型和单系统/多系统分型及Lavin-Osband分级之间的联系,观察LCH病理结果,并对比临床和预后中的不同。方法回顾性调查36例LCH,分析比较其临床、病理及预后。结果36例LCH中14例单系统LCH,Lavin-OsbandⅠ、Ⅱ级,治疗后痊愈或好转12例。22例多系统LCH,多为Ⅲ、Ⅳ级;治疗后未愈或恶化9例,死亡2例。病理检查17/17例CD1a阳性;电镜6/10例找到Birbeck颗粒;12/12例Fascin染色阳性。结论现行分型分级利于直观评估病情、预后。CD1a染色比电镜找Bir-beck颗粒更简便易行。Fascin在LCH诊断中有一定作用,但其价值需大样本量的试验证实。     

儿童朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症病因和治疗进展

朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)是一种以大量未成熟树突状细胞在组织中异常积累为特征的罕见疾病。LCH的病因与发病机制随着BRAFV600 E基因突变的发现已逐渐明朗,但LCH多样化的临床表现仍导致其治疗困难。文章综述近年来有关LCH的病因与发病机制和治疗的最新进展。     

儿童肺受累的朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症病例分析北大核心CSCD

目的 了解肺受累的朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症（Langerhans cell histiocytosis,LCH）儿童的临床表现及影像学特点.方法 回顾分析首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院呼吸二科近4年来因肺部症状或肺部影像学异常而就诊,并通过活检确诊为肺受累的LCH的14例患儿临床表现和影像学特征.结果 14例中男10例,女4例,男女比2.5∶1;中位发病年龄为1.3岁.所有均伴有多系统受累,最常见的是伴皮肤受累（10例,71％）,其次为肝受累（8例,57％）及骨受累（7例,50％）.最常见的表现为咳嗽伴发热（7例,50％）,呼吸道表现无特异性,3例患儿无呼吸道症状,但肺CT提示广泛肺间质改变.最常见的肺CT表现为结节合并囊泡（6例,43％）,其他表现为仅囊泡无结节（5例,36％）、仅结节无囊泡（1例）、既无结节也无囊泡（2例,14％）.结节可多发可散发,多为小结节,可大小不等,可含有囊腔.囊泡大小不等,形态不均,壁厚不均,可融合,可多发也可散发,可呈蜂窝样.7％患儿合并气胸.结论 肺受累的LCH常伴有皮肤、肝脏等多系统受累表现,易被误诊,仔细查找皮疹对于LCH的诊断有重要作用.高分辨率肺CT的特征性表现[肺间质改变、结节和（或）合并囊泡]有助于诊断.     

儿童朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症26例临床分析

目的 提高对儿童朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)临床特点的认识,探讨应用改良LCH-Ⅲ方案治疗的有效性和安全性.方法 26例LCH患儿均在确诊前完善必要的实验室检查、皮疹印片或组织病理检查,按Lavin-Osband法进行分级和分型.轻型者仅行局部治疗,其余病例共分为3组,分别按照改良LCH-Ⅲ方案进行化疗.结果 LCH病变可累及多个系统和脏器,可伴有不同程度功能障碍.26例患儿中,4例采用局部治疗,22例采用改良LCH-Ⅲ方案治疗(其中1例先采用局部治疗,病情进展再用此方案),6周时总有效率为72.7%,18个月时总有效率为86.4%.中位随访期36个月(24 ～ 50个月),治愈15例,稳定6例,进展或恶化3例,死亡2例.结论 LCH确诊时临床表现多样,病情轻重不一.改良LCH-Ⅲ方案可针对LCH临床分型和分级进行分层治疗,疗效满意,不良反应及治疗相关并发症少,值得临床推广应用.     

先天性朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症一例

患儿女,4 h,因"生后即发现全身皮疹"入院.第3胎第2产,胎龄37周,双胎剖宫产.Apgar评分均10分.出生体重2 500 g.双胎之大男孩,口腔下齿龈有一0.5 cm×0.5 cm红色肿物,无破溃出血,皮肤未见皮疹.父母均体健,母人工流产2次,否认孕期患病史及家族遗传病史.体检:T 36.5℃,RR 45次/分,P 130次/分,BP 65/40 mmHg,W 2.5 kg.全身皮肤散在暗红色斑疹,面部、躯干四肢为主,形态不规则,直径3～5 mm,高出皮面,有棘手感.住院过程中皮疹渐结痂,脱屑.     

Langerhans cell histiocytosis in non‐twin siblings

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), which has unknown pathogenesis, can manifest as many kinds of signs and symptoms at any age. Although its genetic background has not been exactly identified, the familial clustering of this disease has been described in some reports. It is very uncommon, however, in siblings who are not monozygotic or dizygotic twins. Reported herein is a case of LCH in non‐twin siblings (younger sister and elder brother) who were diagnosed at 3.3 and 14.5 years of age, respectively, and successfully treated with chemotherapy, with BRAF V600E mutation status, and a brief review of the literature.     

Monoclonal Antibody MT1: A Marker for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cells and their pathologic counterparts can be identified in paraffin sections using immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein. This procedure is useful in confirming a diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). However, many other cell types are also positive for S-100 protein. Positive staining for CD1 (Leu 6) supports a diagnosis of LCH, but requires frozen tissue. A panel of antibodies would be desirable in confirming a diagnosis of LCH, particularly if these antibodies could be used on paraffin-embedded material. We studied the pattern of staining for commercially available monoclonal antibodies MT1, MT2, MB2, and LN1, which were originally marketed as lymphocyte markers, using paraffin-embedded tissue sections of cases of LCH. In all 20 cases pathologic Langerhans cells stained positively with MT1 only. Various other S-100 protein-positive lesions were also examined with MT1 and were consistently negative for MT1. Other cutaneous histiocytic and mast cell lesions were positive with MT1, but S-100 protein negative. Our results demonstrate that the monoclonal antibody MT1 serves as an additional marker for LCH and, together with S-100 protein, would make up a diagnostic panel of antibodies for LCH to be used on routine paraffin-embedded sections.     

儿童甲状腺乳头状癌 BRAF基因突变及临床意义

目的:研究儿童甲状腺乳头状癌 BRAF(V600E)基因突变情况及其临床意义。 方法:选取2012年1月至2016年12月天津医科大学肿瘤医院肿瘤组织库收集的儿童(≤18岁)甲状腺乳头状癌肿瘤组织标本,进行 BRAF(V600E)基因检测,分析 BRAF(V600E)突变与...     

Response to the BRAF/MEK inhibitors dabrafenib/trametinib in an adolescent with a BRAF V600E mutated anaplastic ganglioglioma intolerant to vemurafenib

Efficacy of BRAF V600E targeted therapies in brain tumors harboring the mutation has been shown in several case reports and is currently being studied in larger clinical trials. Monotherapy with vemurafenib has been associated with significant side effects, including rashes, papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. Here we describe an adolescent female with anaplastic ganglioglioma and significant skin reaction to vemurafenib with subsequent tumor response and tolerance to the BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination of dabrafenib and trametinib without recurrence of previous reaction.     

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Arising After Hodgkin's Disease

We present the case of a 19-year-old male who suffered from Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) 12 months after having been treated for recurrent Hodgkin 's disease (HD). Immunophenotypic characterization and electron microscopic analysis were useful for the exclusion of a bone relapse of Hodgkin's disease or any other differential diagnosis. The association of LCH with HD or other malignancies is rare but more frequent than previously believed. The significance of such an association and the pathophysiology of LCH are still open questions.     

Etoposide in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Children: A Preliminary Experience

Treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is yet to be established. We treated seven patients with etoposide alone at a dose of 100 mg/²/day for 3 days given every 3 to 4 weeks for six cycles. Three patients had received prior chemotherapy, two patients were less than 2 years of age, and two had liver dysfunction. A positive response to therapy was seen in five patients. There was no major toxicity. Etoposide therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of LCH.