第三代全长链重组凝血因子Ⅷ预防治疗中间型重型血友病A患儿疗效和安全性评估

目的评估第三代全长链重组凝血因子Ⅷ(f LFⅧ)预防治疗中间型、重型血友病A患儿的年出血次数、关节年出血次数和安全性。方法 2014-11-01—2016-11-30采用单中心、前瞻、非随机、自身对照比较南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院血液科应用f LFⅧ进行大剂量预防治疗1年后的中间型、重型血友病A患儿年出血次数、关节年出血次数、凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)抑制物的改变及药物副反应。结果 15例患儿均为男性,年龄中位数15岁(5~18岁),所有患儿FⅧ活性(FⅧ∶C)2.2%,其中,重型血友病A 8例。应用f LFⅧ20~40 U/kg、每周2~3次进行大剂量预防治疗1年,年出血次数由(27.60±13.67)次降为(2.57±1.36)次(P0.001),减少了90.7%;关节年出血次数由(11.13±8.81)次降为(0.93±1.10)次(P0.001),减少了91.6%。7例经大剂量预防治疗达到关节年出血0次。不同程度的年出血次数均下降,其中重度年出血次数下降为0次。所有患儿在进行大剂量预防治疗1年间未发生药物相关副反应或严重不良反应,FⅧ抑制物滴度检测有3例0.1 BU/m L,其余未检出。结论应用f LFⅧ进行大剂量预防治疗可有效降低中间型、重型血友病A患儿年出血次数和关节年出血次数,安全、无副反应,无抑制物产生。     

中国重型血友病A患儿规律预防治疗的选择及其影响因素分析-来自中国12家血友病中心的调查和分析

目的探讨医疗保险政策及慈善项目对中国重型血友病A患儿选择规律预防治疗的影响。方法 (1)对2007年11月1日至2013年5月31日期间,在中国12个血友病中心接受过Ⅷ因子规律预防治疗的重型血友病A患儿进行回顾性研究。(2)记录研究期间的各项临床资料。(3)从各中心收集重型血友病A患儿选择或放弃规律预防治疗影响因素的调查问卷。(4)查询12个中心(位于11个城市)历年的血友病相关医保政策,比较不同医保报销比例下患儿年均FⅧ使用量及自付水平。比较参加慈善援助项目及未参加慈善援助项目年均FⅧ使用量的差异。结果 (1)2008年开始出现患儿选择规律预防治疗,并且人数呈逐年增加的趋势。(2)患儿选择规律预防治疗的前三位原因为:既往按需治疗效果不理想、当地医保政策改善、患儿或家属对疾病认识提高。中途放弃规律预防治疗的主要原因为家庭经济支付能力不足。(3)研究中83.4%的患儿享受医保报销,其中80.11%患儿的医保政策年度支付上限不低于15万元,可满足其规律低剂量预防方案的医疗费用。(4)医保报销比例高的患儿年均FⅧ使用量相对较高。医保报销比例低的患儿,自付水平明显较高(P0.05)。66.4%的患儿自付水平≥50%,其人均可支配收入的一半以上需用于支付预防治疗费用。(5)预防治疗的患儿中79.6%接受了慈善援助项目的支持。(6)2012年患儿实际年FⅧ使用量均值为30376IU(合999IU/kg),仅为全年坚持规律预防治疗理论用量的62.9%,明显低于高收入国家FⅧ使用量。结论(1)医保政策是影响中国儿童选择和坚持预防治疗的重要因素,慈善援助项目对其起到了推动作用。(2)对于低剂量预防治疗方案来讲,医保报销比例,而非年度支付上限,可能是制约患儿坚持长期规律预防治疗的重要因素。(3)目前中国儿童血友病预防治疗为短疗程、低剂量.与中高收入国家FⅧ使用量存在明显差距,医保政策有待进一步改善。     

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目的探讨血友病患儿确诊时间、症状及其关节畸形等情况。方法天津血液学研究所血液病医院于1986年7月至2004年8月,对就诊的429例血友病患儿临床症状出现时间、诊断时间及关节畸形出现的时间进行分析。结果429例血友病患儿,均为男性,血友病A共390例,占90.9%,其中亚临床型5例(1.3%),轻型43例(11.0%),中型181例(46.4%),重型161例(41.3%);血友病B共39例,占9.1%,其中亚临床型2例(5.1%),轻型6例(15.4%),中型26例(66.7%),重型5例(12.8%)。患儿初次出现出血症状的中位年龄为1.6岁(0～12岁);但初次诊断年龄0.3～12.0岁,中位年龄为5.2岁(0.3～12.0岁),两者之间差异具有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论目前血友病患儿的诊断存在延迟,替代治疗疗程和因子剂量的不足是关节畸形高发生率的原因。     

以磁共振评分评估重型血友病A患儿规律低剂量预防治疗的长期关节结局

目的对规律低剂量预防治疗重型血友病A患儿长期随访,采取磁共振等方法评估患儿的长期关节结局,并对影响关节结局的因素进行初步分析。方法 2008年1月—2011年12月就诊于北京协和医院血友病中心,接受规律低剂量FVIII预防治疗的重型血友病A患儿,进行长达10年的长期随访,收集其临床病例资料,统计患儿开始低剂量预防治疗年龄、随访时间、预防时间(总周数)、预防剂量等,应用年关节出血次数(AJBR)、靶关节数、关节磁共振评分(IPSG MRI评分)等评估患儿在长期规律低剂量预防治疗方案下关节的状态及其损伤程度。结果 21例患儿入组年龄为1岁9个月～17岁11个月,随访时间为6～10年,其关节MRI评分为2～24分(13.52±6.17),21/21(100%)有关节损伤,19/21例(91%)患儿有关节软骨损伤,17/21例(81%)患儿有骨质损伤。IPSG MRI评分越高,关节损害越严重;关节MRI评分与年关节出血次数、开始预防年龄有明显相关性(P<0.05)。结论(1)低剂量预防治疗下,长期随访100%患儿仍然有关节受损,说明低剂量方案有待提高;(2)儿童尽早开始低剂量预防性治疗,可有效减少血友病A患儿关节出血次数,可能改善关节结局;(3)关节MRI检查敏感发现关节结构破坏,可能是评估关节早期损伤的首选检查方法。     

儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜合并颅内出血20例临床分析

目的 探讨特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)合并颅内出血(ICH)患儿的临床特点.方法 选取2001年1月至2010年7月住院的ITP合并ICH患儿20例为观察组,另随机选取同期住院无ICH的ITP患儿40例为对照组;将两组临床资料进行对比分析.结果 观察组除皮肤瘀点、瘀斑外其他出血症状出现率高于对照组,观察组患儿血尿发生率较高,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);观察组出现颅内出血前有头颅外伤病史者占35%,对照组2.5%,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);两组发病时血小板计数差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05).观察组18例(90%)患儿血小板计数＜ 20 × 109 /L时出现ICH,其中15例(75%)血小板计数＜ 10 × 109/L时出现ICH.血小板计数＜ 10 × 109 /L者死亡4例,血小板计数高10 × 109 /L者死亡1例,诊断1周内出现ICH的患儿病死率为28%,诊断1周后发生ICH的患儿病死率为18%.结论 血小板计数在ITP发生ICH中并不是绝对因素,对于严重血小板减少伴有头部外伤和(或)血尿表现的ITP患儿应警惕ICH的发生.     

小儿血友病93例临床分析

目的分析93例血友病患儿的诊断及治疗经验。方法对患儿的发病年龄、病例特点、实验室检查进行分析。结果血友病甲78例(84%),血友病乙15例(16%),其中重型45例(48%),中型33例(35%),轻型14例(15%),亚临床型1例(1%)。各种类型的出血为小儿血友病的主要表现,重型多见于婴幼儿,其中6例发生颅内出血(6%);关节病变及严重关节畸形多见于年长儿,共6例(6%)。初次出现出血症状的中位年龄为1.5(0～12.0)岁,但初次诊断的中位年龄为5.4(0.4～12.0)岁。延迟诊断的原因多种多样。结论延迟诊断、延误因子替代治疗是导致脏器出血和关节畸形的主要原因。     

应用个体化药物代谢指标开展儿童血友病精准预防治疗

正血友病是由于凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)或Ⅸ(FⅨ)缺陷引起的一种遗传性出血性疾病,主要表现为自发性关节和(或)肌肉出血,反复关节出血可导致关节损伤、甚至是残疾。血友病目前唯一有效的治疗方法为外源性凝血因子替代疗法。现有的替代治疗方法有按需治疗和预防治疗两种。如果仅接受按需治疗,中重型患儿将在学龄期前后出现不可逆的关节病变~([1-2])。预防治疗能够预防出血的发生,减少出血所致滑膜损伤,预防关节病变发生,提高患儿的生活质量~([3])。早在1994年,预防治疗就被世界卫生组织和世界血友病联盟定为重型儿童血友病的最佳治     

48例重型血友病儿童骨密度测定及相关因素分析

目的描述我国重型血友病患儿的骨密度状况,探讨重型血友病患儿骨密度及相关影响因素。方法选取2015年7月-2015年8月在北京协和医院血友病门诊确诊为重型血友病的6～18岁患儿48例,采用超声骨质分析仪(BMD-1000C)对重型血友病患儿骨密度进行检测,对血清钙、磷、25(OH)VitD、运动、日照时间及钙摄入量等其他相关因素进行分析。结果 48例血友病患儿中7例(15%)中度骨密度减低,20例(42%)轻度骨密度减低;患儿均存在不同程度的25(OH)VitD缺乏;血友病患儿骨密度与血钙水平呈正相关(P0.05)。结论重型血友病患儿骨密度较正常参考值低,且维生素D缺乏情况普遍存在,患儿骨密度水平与血钙水平相关。     

血友病关节健康评分在学龄前儿童血友病关节评价中的应用——一项多中心儿童重型血友病A临床数据分析

目的探讨血友病关节健康评分(hemophilia joint health score,HJHS)在重型血友病A(hemophilia A,HA患儿关节病变评价及早期发现关节功能障碍的意义。方法本研究为观察性队列研究,以中国血友病个体化预防研究(China hemophilia individualized prophylaxis study,CHIPS)为背景,分析2016年8月至2017年6月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院和成都市妇女儿童中心医院血友病门诊的患儿基本资料,入组的20例4～7岁曾有关节出血史的重型HA患儿进行双侧肘、膝、踝6个目标关节进行血友病关节健康评分(HJHS)及超声(US)检查;并回顾性收集入组前3个月关节出血情况数据。对上述数据进行统计分析。结果对20例中位年龄4.75(4.00～7.58)岁重型HA病例,共进行了120个目标关节HJHS及US检查:其中26.7%(32/120)的关节有出血记录;入组前3个月内20例中位关节出血次数1(0～6)次,有出血的关节HJHS评分与无出血的关节HJHS评分差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.608,P=0.009),即有出血的关节HJHS评分分数高。HJHS评分与US评分结果存在差异(χ2=24.221,P0.001)。故两者不能互相替代。88个无出血记录的关节中有22.7%(20/88)US评分异常、36.3%(33/88)HJHS评分异常,其中12个关节(17.6%)US评分正常,但HJHS评分异常,此12个关节与有关节出血伴HJHS评分和US评分异常的关节HJHS评分差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.513,P=0.012)。关节异常部位以膝关节(50%,6/12)最多,肿胀(58.3%,7/12)为最常见的评分异常项目。结论对学龄前重型血友病A患儿开展HJHS检查,可发现无出血关节早期病变史,且HJHS评分与US评分结果存在差异,因此对患儿关节应进行综合评估,以保持患儿关节健康状态提供保障。     

WT-2009方案治疗儿童肾母细胞瘤疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨WT-2009方案治疗儿童肾母细胞瘤的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年7月至2013年12月确诊的34例肾母细胞瘤患儿的临床资料,其中2例确诊后死亡,6例放弃治疗,余26例按照儿童肾母细胞瘤化疗方案(WT-2009)进行治疗。采用Kaplan-Meier方法分析患儿预期2年累积总生存率及2年无事件生存率。结果病理分型以预后良好型(包括上皮细胞型、胚芽型和混合型)为主(88%,30/34);首发症状以腹部包块为主(56%,19/34)。26例经WT-2009方案进行治疗的患儿中,CR 24例(92%),PR 1例(4%),PD 1例(4%);治疗过程中仅1例发生严重肺部感染。预期2年累积生存率为100%,2年无事件生存率为89.7%。结论肾母细胞瘤病理类型以预后良好型多见,化疗反应敏感;患儿对WT-2009方案化疗耐受性好,无化疗相关死亡,安全性高。     

Efficacy of standard prophylaxis versus on-demand treatment with bayer's sucrose-formulated recombinant FVIII (rFVIII-FS) in Chinese children with severe hemophilia A

In China, care of patients with severe hemophilia primarily involves insufficient dosing of on-demand treatment and secondary low-dose prophylaxis (10 IU/kg 2× /wk). We sought to evaluate 3× /wk, standard-dose prophylaxis with sucrose-formulated recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII-FS; Bayer) compared with on-demand treatment in Chinese children with severe hemophilia A. Children and adolescents aged 2–16 years with severe hemophilia A, no inhibitors, and no prophylaxis for >6 consecutive months before study entry were eligible for this 24-week, interventional, sequential-treatment study. Patients received rFVIII-FS on demand for 12 weeks followed by a 12-week prophylaxis period (25 IU/kg 3× /wk). The primary efficacy endpoint was comparison of the annualized bleeding rate (ABR) of all bleeds in the prophylaxis versus on-demand phase. Additional variables included ABR of joint bleeds, school attendance/activity, daily activity, and hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS). Thirty patients (median age, 12 years) were treated and analyzed. Compared with on-demand treatment, prophylaxis reduced median (quartile [Q1; Q3]) ABR of all bleeds (57.5 [44.5; 73.9] vs 0 [0; 4.0]) and joint bleeds (34.5 [26.1; 56.5] vs 0 [0; 4.0]). Median (range) total HJHS improved after both the prophylaxis and on-demand phases (8.0 [0–48.0] and 11.0 [0–55.0], respectively) compared with baseline (16.0 [0–56.0]). School attendance/activity and daily activity improved with prophylaxis versus on demand. No inhibitors or treatment-related adverse events were reported. In this first prospective, standard-dose, secondary prophylaxis study in China, rFVIII-FS prophylaxis reduced bleeding and improved health outcomes versus on-demand treatment in children with severe hemophilia A.     

长期小剂量凝血因子Ⅷ预防重度血友病A患儿关节出血的疗效与相关因素分析

目的探讨重组人凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)长期小剂量次级预防重度血友病A患儿关节出血的疗效与相关因素。方法对2010年4月1日～2011年4月1日我院16位2～16岁重度血友病A患儿进行FⅧ预防性静脉输注(每次5～15 U/kg,间隔3 d),记录治疗前1年与治疗后1年的关节出血次数,同一关节反复出血的情况,治疗前后FⅧ抑制物产生情况,梅毒、艾滋病、乙肝、丙肝、丁肝、戊肝感染情况及肝功能变化。结果治疗前1年关节出血次数为(29.69±4.48),治疗后1年关节出血次数为(10.94±3.30)次,治疗前后比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。治疗前靶关节出血发生率为45.2%,治疗后靶关节出血发生率为14.6%,治疗前后比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。治疗后FⅧ抑制物产生率为12.5%,产生率低及抗体滴度低,治疗前后梅毒、艾滋病、乙肝、丙肝、丁肝、戊肝均阴性,肝功能正常。结论 FⅧ长期小剂量次级预防输注可有效减少中重度血友病A患儿关节出血次数,同时可有效减少靶关节出血发生率,从而在一定程度上保护关节的功能,且FⅧ抑制物产生率及滴度低,无相关疾病传播,安全可靠。     

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??We reviewed some relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years?? and summarized the developmental status of family therapy and nursing care of children with hemophilia.During more than 40 years of practice?? their life expectancy and their quality of life have significantly been improved after the hemophilia patients received treatment from the Hemophilia Treatment Center in Europe and the United States. Comprehensive hemophilia care and family therapy and care started late in China?? and large domestic Hemophilia Centers played greater roles in improvement of the life quality of the patients??but there were still many problems. Family therapy and nursing care can improve the quality of life of children with hemophilia?? and save the cost of health care. Family therapy and nursing care for children with hemophilia should be strengthened in Hemophilia Treatment Centers.     

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??Objective??To evaluate the number of annual bleeding and annual joint bleeding and safety of third-generation full length recombinant human coagulation factor ????ADVATE?? in the prophylactic treatment of childhood patients with moderate-to-severe hemophilia A. Methods??Fifteen children aged from 5 to 18 years with moderate-to-severe hemophilia A were enrolled in the one center??prospective??nonrandom??self-control study from Nov.01??2014 to Nov.30??2016. Children were treated with one-year long-course infusion of ADVATE with a dose of 20??40 U/kg twice-weekly or three times weekly. The numbers of annual bleeding and annual joint bleeding after the prophylaxis treatment were compared with that on-demand. Moreover??any adverse effect and serious adverse reaction related to ADVATE usage were documented during the study. The F?? inhibitor titer were measured with modified Nijmegen method before and after the prophylaxis every 3 to 6 months. Results??The F????C for these 15 boys??median age 15??was less than 2.2%??with 8 patient severe type. The number of annual bleeding was reduced from??27.60±13.67?? on-demand treatment to??2.57±1.36?? after the prophylaxis treatment??P??0.001????and the number of annual joint bleeding was also reduced from??11.13±8.81?? to??0.93±1.10????P??0.001??. Seven patients had zero annual joint bleeding the mean annual bleeding for mild??moderate and severe degree was decreased significantly with zero times for severe degree bleeding after the prophylactic treatment. No adverse effect or serious adverse reaction related to ADVATE was recorded during one-year period treatment and F?? inhibitor detection was negative. Conclusion??Prophylactic treatment with ADVATE can effectively decrease the annual bleeding and annual joint bleeding in children with moderate-to-severe hemophilia A. This therapy is safe with F?? inhibitor test negative.     

A practical approach to hemophilia care in children

Hemophilia A and B are the most common of the severe bleeding disorders. The present article focuses on the practical aspects of the management of neonates and children diagnosed with hemophilia, and is based on questions frequently posed to paediatric hematologists. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis, the principle of early intervention and the role of comprehensive care hemophilia treatment centres.     

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??Thanks to the development of science??hemophilia care is improved gradually??and hemophilia is turning from one of inherited bleeding diseases with death and disability into one of lifelong diseases and it’s likely to deal with successfully in clinics. At present??the main problems of children hemophilia care are how to cost-effectively execute the prophylaxis and how to prevent and control the inhibitor. With the creation of novel technologies and products in hemophilia care??the conceptions and strategies of care are facing updating and challenges. Although China is a developing country and is slow in starting the care??the development of Children Hemophilia Care has improved rapidly. With the more individualized treatment and novel technologies and products??the Children Hemophilia Care will enter a new era.     

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??Objective analyze the current status of bone metabolism and bone mineral density??BMD?? in moderate/severe hemophilia children??to provide data for improving the life quality of Chinese children with hemophilia. Methods Bone metabolism and BMD data were analyzed for 28 cases of moderate/severe hemophilia children diagnosed in Hemophilia Center of Beijing Children Hospital from October 2014 to February 2015. Results ??1??The median age of 28 cases of hemophilia children was 12.9??range 6 to 18 years?? years old??hemophilia A 22 was in cases??78.6%????hemophilia B 6 cases??21.4%???? Severe hemophilia children was in 19 cases??67.9%????moderate hemophilia children 9 cases??32.1%??. The mean of BMD was ??151.86±25.93?? g/L??which was significantly lower than the normal children???191.48±20.36?? g/L???P??0.05. There was no relationship in Age??time of the first bleeding, as well as frequency of bleeding with BMD??P??0.05??. But significant correlation was found between BMD and outdoor activities/school activities participation??P??0.0002 and 0.0016??. Conclusion BMD of hemophilia children without bone metabolic abnormalities is significantly lower than that of the normal children in China. Reducing joint bleeding and increasing the outdoor activities??rather than supplement calcium blindly will be the key point to improve the life quality of hemophilia children.     

Central venous access device infections in children with hemophilia: a comparison of prophylaxis and episodic therapy

Prophylaxis was recommended as the optimal treatment regimen for severe hemophilia by several expert committees. This led to increased utilization of prophylaxis and, subsequently, central venous access devices (CVADs). Although prophylaxis is the preferred treatment, episodic therapy is used by many. CVADs are employed to facilitate administration of prophylactic and episodic infusions; however, there are no data on the risk of CVAD-related infections for prophylaxis compared with episodic therapy. Data from the Study for the Prevention of Joint Disease in Preschool Children with Severe Hemophilia, a randomized clinical trial of prophylaxis versus episodic therapy, were used to evaluate the association between CVAD-related infection and treatment. The crude and adjusted rate ratios for first CVAD-related infection per 1000 CVAD days associated with episodic therapy versus prophylaxis were 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.46-4.40) and 1.23 (95% confidence interval: 0.33-4.56), respectively. Although we cannot make a definitive statement about treatment and CVAD-related infection risk, this study suggests that prophylaxis likely does not put children at higher risk of CVAD-related infection than episodic therapy. Given the need for CVADs in some children and the benefits of prophylaxis, we conclude there is no reason to recommend against prophylaxis on the basis of existing knowledge of CVAD-related infection risk.