腹壁肿瘤切除术后巨大/超大腹壁缺损的外科修复重建策略

腹壁肿瘤、尤其是恶性肿瘤R0切除术后会导致巨大、甚至超大腹壁缺损,选择合理的腹壁修复重建技术是治疗关键。本文总结了腹壁恶性肿瘤的临床特点、治疗现状、肿瘤扩大切除后腹壁缺损的术前评估和腹壁缺损修复重建的术式选择;重点阐释了腹壁缺损类型、缺损大小、缺损周围组织情况和患者全身情况对术式选择的重要性。     

腹壁整形加聚丙烯网片修复巨大下腹壁缺损

目的探讨应用横切口腹壁整形术与聚丙烯网片联合修复下腹壁缺损的方法。方法应用横行切13腹壁整形加聚丙烯网片的手术方法，修复27例下腹壁缺损，其中6例下腹壁病灶切除，21例下腹横行腹直肌肌皮瓣（以下简称TRAM瓣）供区。结果随访3～20个月，腹壁病灶均彻底切除，术后未见复发，所有患者无腹壁薄弱、腹壁膨隆或腹壁疝形成，腹壁切口、一期愈合，无并发症。结论横行切口腹壁整形加聚丙烯网片修复下腹壁缺损，方法简单、效果可靠。     

腹壁肿瘤切除术后遗留腹壁巨大缺损39例修复与重建

目的探讨采用聚丙烯（Polypropylene,PP）补片或复合补片修复腹壁肿瘤切除术后遗留腹壁巨大缺损的方法和效果。方法收治的39例腹壁巨大肿瘤患者均采取了手术切除治疗。采用直接缝合腹膜关闭腹腔,并在腹膜外用PP补片修复缺损6例,采用带蒂大网膜加PP补片修复缺损19例,采用复合补片修补腹壁缺损14例。结果 39例中因术后发生急性心肌梗塞死亡1例。术后肺部感染1例,经抗感染治疗治愈。术后出现皮下积液5例,经穿刺抽吸,理疗和引流等措施治愈。随访34例,随访时间1～5年。在访的4例结肠癌患者和4例胃癌患者术后12～27个月均因肿瘤腹腔内复发及肝脏广泛转移死亡,术后肿瘤局部复发1例,随访的全部患者未发生腹壁切口疝和肠梗阻等并发症。结论采用PP补片或复合补片修复腹壁肿瘤切除后遗留腹壁巨大缺损并发症发生率低,效果良好。     

腹壁肿瘤的治疗原则

腹壁肿瘤以手术为主要治疗措施,其中腹壁恶性肿瘤还要辅以化疗、放疗。巨大腹壁肿瘤的切除后必然会造成腹壁大面积的缺损,如何在保证肿瘤根治的前提下选择最佳腹壁缺损的修复方式是临床治疗的一个难题。     

膀胱及腹壁切除后肠代膀胱及合成材料腹壁修补术(附1例报告)

目的尝试在切口污染条件下采用假体材料修补大面积腹壁缺损的可行性.方法一例晚期复发性膀胱腺癌累及全层腹壁的患者,在对其病灶切除后,同时实施原位肠代膀胱术和假体材料前腹壁大面积缺损修补术.结果术后患者切口一期愈合,原位肠代膀胱恢复正常储尿排尿功能.结论对于已累及腹壁的晚期膀胱肿瘤,实施膀胱全切除和累及腹壁切除,同时实施肠代膀胱术和假体材料腹壁缺损修复术是完全可行的.     

巨大腹壁缺损修补

获得性腹部缺损的常见病因有外伤、手术、感染、肿瘤切除等。理想的腹壁修补包括:(1)修补区与残余的腹壁融为一体,恢复腹壁结构和外形的完整性;(2)防止脏器突出、保护腹腔内容物、支持其功能;(3)提供动态肌肉支持;(4)无张力修补;(5)修补具有持久性。中线探查切口是最常见的腹部缺损,大多数中线缺损主要是由肠管膨胀或者软组织侧方收缩牵拉中线造成,而腹壁肌层的解剖结构基本正常,腹壁绝对缺损不大。少数情况下,感染(坏死性筋膜炎)或创伤(高速飞弹创伤)可造成腹壁绝对缺损。本文主要以修补中线缺损作为叙述重点。1术前评估1.1病人的生理和营…     

自体组织移植修补腹壁巨大缺损

腹壁缺损可由创伤或腹壁肿瘤切除造成的原发性大面积腹壁缺失,也可由手术切口或肠造口造成疝,以及疝修补失败、合成材料修补术后感染、复发等继发形成[1,2],其发生率约为2%～11%[3]。如缺损大(巨大切口疝:疝环最大距离≥10cm),可用自体组织移植或人工合成材料修补,目前临床上广     

无网片腹壁重建

手术后腹壁缺损是具有挑战性的外科并发症,常需要手术修复或重建来恢复腹壁的完整性。很多情况可造成腹壁缺损,包括外伤、手术、腹壁肿瘤切除、先天畸形和感染等。其中手术后腹壁切口疝是最常见的腹壁缺损,西方国家剖腹手术后的腹疝发生率接近10％。缝合修复曾是切口疝治疗的唯一选择,但手术复发率高达50％,因此,目前仅限于应用于很小的（〈5cm）缺损;而应用网片无张力修补则通常被认为是最佳选择。一项随机对照的研究显示,网片和缝合修补切口疝的复发率分别为24％和43％;     

应用腹壁下动脉穿支岛状皮瓣修复会阴部软组织缺损

目的提供一种修复会阴前区软组织缺损的方法.方法采用腹壁下动静脉为血管蒂,保持腹直肌的完整性,形成腹壁下动脉穿支岛状皮瓣,带蒂移位,修复会阴前区皮肤肿瘤切除或放疗所致的大面积创面.结果本组6例患者,皮瓣切取面积6.0 cm×12.0 cm～10.0 cm×28.0 cm.皮瓣全部成活,供瓣区无腹壁薄弱、腹壁疝等并发症发生.结论腹壁下动脉穿支岛状皮瓣血运丰富,不损伤腹直肌,是修复会阴部大面积缺损的一种较好的方法.     

重视腹壁肿瘤切除后的修复与重建

手术切除是治疗绝大多数腹壁肿瘤的主要手段。小的良性肿瘤可通过局部切除达到治疗目的 ,一般不会造成巨大与全层腹壁缺损形成。交界性与恶性肿瘤的主要治疗方式是扩大切除,切除的范围一般需超过肿瘤边缘肉眼正常组织的2～3cm以上,     

Intra abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome

The patho-physiological significance of raised intra-abdominal pressure, known as Intra Abdominal Hypertension, with subsequent organ dysfunction and failure, known as Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, has recently been demonstrated to occur relatively frequently in mixed populations of critically ill patients. Clinical diagnosis is unreliable, so routine measurement of intra abdominal pressure should be undertaken, particularly in specific groups of patients known to be at high risk. Whilst definitive therapy requires surgical abdominal decompression, less invasive therapies have been investigated and, if initiated early, may help to minimise progression of the condition. Clearly defined indications for surgical intervention remain elusive however and require prospective investigation. This review summarises the patho-physiology of the syndrome, its diagnosis and surveillance, and current management strategies, both medical and surgical.     

腹壁韧带样纤维瘤的术后腹壁重建的治疗研究

目的探讨人工补片在韧带样纤维瘤病术后腹壁重建中的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2012年2月至2016年2月,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治的11例腹壁韧带样纤维瘤病患者的临床资料,所有患者行根治性手术,术后腹壁缺损使用人工补片行腹壁重建,分析其临床疗效。 结果所有患者均使用人工补片行腹壁重建,平均手术时间（97±33）min,平均住院时间（19.2±3.1）d,所有患者术后恢复良好,伤口Ⅰ期愈合,无伤口感染及局部异物感,无死亡患者,出现皮下积液者1例,经穿刺抽吸后治愈。随访时间7～60个月,平均随访时间（31.8±18.5）个月,肿瘤复发1例,无死亡患者,无补片感染、慢性疼痛及局部异物感等补片相关并发症,无肠梗阻及切口疝发生。 结论人工补片用于腹壁重建具有良好的临床疗效。     

暂时性腹腔关闭技术在腹腔间隔室综合征中的应用

目的探讨暂时性腹腔关闭技术在腹腔间隔室综合征中的应用。方法总结我院2006年1月至2009年12月共13例腹腔间隔室综合征应用暂时性腹腔关闭技术患者的临床资料,分析其治疗方法和效果。结果本组13例患者中,死亡1例,其余12例行确定性关腹,暂时性腹腔关闭平均11．6（7～48）d;确定性腹腔关闭后,切口的愈合时间为（15．3±8．4）d。出现切口疝1例。结论暂时性腹腔关闭技术是治疗腹腔间隔室综合征有效、安全、经济的方法。     

Evaluation of plain abdominal radiographs in the diagnosis of abdominal pain.

In an effort to develop referral criteria for the ordering of abdominal radiographs for patients presenting with abdominal symptoms, we prospectively studied the relation between clinical data and radiographic abnormalities. Of 1780 examinations, 179 (10.0%) showed some radiographic abnormality. If abdominal radiographs would have been limited to those patients who had moderate or severe abdominal tenderness, or to patients with a high clinical suspicion of bowel obstruction, renal or ureteral calculi, trauma, ischemia, or gallbladder disease, regardless of the degree of tenderness, 956 (53.7%) examinations would not have been done. All radiographic abnormalities reflecting a serious pathologic process would have been identified. Only 33 (3.5%) abnormalities of limited significance, almost all localized or generalized ileus, would have been undetected. The adoption of these referral criteria would result in minimal loss of clinically useful information, large financial savings, and a reduction in radiation exposure.     

Coarctation of the abdominal aorta

Four patients with suprarenal coarctation of the abdominal aorta were managed from 1978 to 1993 (mean follow-up 8.75 years). Ages at the time of diagnosis were 2 months, 8 months, 4.5 years, and 15 years, respectively. Three children presented with severe hypertension, two of whom were in congestive heart failure, and the fourth child presented with a cold, ischemic leg. The 8-month-old patient had Williams syndrome (supravalvular aortic and pulmonic stenosis, bilateral renal artery stenosis and celiac artery occlusion, elfin facies, and mental retardation) and was treated nonoperatively. After 12 years of follow-up, he was given five medications to control hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure. Three patients with abdominal aortic coarctation were treated operatively and none died. Two patients underwent bypass grafting from the supraceliac aorta to the infrarenal aorta, with bilateral renal artery reconstruction in one. Postoperative arteriograms obtained 1 year or more after operation were normal in both cases. The 2-month-old patient underwent patch aortoplasty, with subsequent reoperation 1.5 years later for recurrent hypertension and heart failure with a bypass graft to the left kidney and removal of an infarcted right kidney. In all three patients, operative repair of the suprarenal aortic coarctation has resulted in long-term control of blood pressure and cardiac and renal function.