人乳头瘤病毒、疱疹病毒Ⅱ型及人巨细胞病毒与宫颈癌关系的研究

用人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16,18,11型、疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-2)N/BglⅡ,L/HindⅢ片段和人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)DNA等6个核酸探针,通过分子杂交技术对宫颈疾患活检标本进行了检测和分析,结果在同一标本中未发现3种病毒DNA均阳性者,但宫颈癌标本中46%HPV和HCMV DNA同时存在,2例HSV-2 DNA阳性的宫颈癌标本中有1例同时存在HCMV DNA。提示宫颈癌的病毒病因是多因素的,HPV,HSV-2和HCMV均可能有关,在宫颈癌发生过程中3者之间可能有某些内在联系。     

不同类型宫内节育器对宫颈沙眼衣原体阳性率的影响

目的 研究不同类型宫内节育器（IUD）对宫颈沙眼衣原体（CT）阳性率的影响。方法 应用PCR技术对放置含铜IUD－Gyne Fix IN(简称吉妮）与惰性IUD及未采用IUD避孕的健康妇女（各72例）宫颈分泌物CT抗原进行检测，各组之间进行抗原阳性率比较，并进行动态观察。结果 吉妮组在旋转UD后3个月，宫颈CT阳性率为4．17％，6个月时为3．28％；惰性组在放置IUD后3个月，宫颈CT阳性率为16．67％，6个月时为16．13％；未放置组宫颈CT阳性率为18．06％。吉妮组分别与惰性组及未放置组比较，均有显著性差异（P＜0．05，P＜0．05）；惰性组与未放置组比较，无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论 含铜IUD对宫颈CT感染有抑制作用。     

两种液基细胞学结果及HPV分型检测在诊断宫颈病变中的作用

回顾性分析宫颈液基细胞学检查(TCT)结果为鳞状上皮内高度病变(HSIL)和非典型鳞状上皮不除外高度病变(ASC-H)2组病例的组织病理学结果、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)-DNA分型检测结果 ,比较这2种液基细胞学结果在诊断高级别宫颈病变中的作用。结果显示:ASC-H组宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ(CINⅡ)以上患病率显著低于HSIL,但高度提示宫颈高级别病变;HPV分型检测是对ASC-H高级别病变的有效预测;对于HPV16(+)的ASC-H、HSIL患者建议进行更积极的治疗。     

高危型HPV16,18 DNA检测在宫颈病变筛查中的应用价值

目的:研究分析在宫颈病变筛查中高危型人乳头瘤病毒16,18型(HPV16,18)DNA检测价值。方法:选取收治的病理检查结果为癌及癌前病变的患者104例和病理检查结果为良性病变的患者145例,所有患者均接受液基细胞学检查、HPV16,18 DNA检测,统计比较两种检查手段的诊断效果。结果:HPV16,18 DNA检查癌及癌前病变患者的阳性检出率为75.96%(79/104),液基细胞学检查的阳性检出率为59.62%(62/104),HPV16,18 DNA检查癌及癌前病变的检出率比液基细胞学检查明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HPV16,18 DNA检测特异性、阴性预测值分别为85.52%、83.22%,液基细胞学分别为99.31%、77.42%,HPV16,18 DNA检测特异性显著低于液基细胞学,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而阴性预测值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CINⅡ及以上级别病变的感染率显著比CINⅠ更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变的发生、发展与高危型HPV16,18感染密切相关,在宫颈病变筛查中,HPV16,18 DNA检测对宫颈癌、宫颈癌前病变的敏感性比液基细胞学明显更高,而特异性则明显更低,具有重要诊断价值。     

宫颈癌筛查的三阶梯临床应用

目的评价宫颈薄层液基细胞学（liquid-based cytololgy test,LCT）和人乳头瘤病毒（Human papillomavirus,HPV）DNA配合阴道镜检查在宫颈病变筛查中的应用价值。方法选取就诊梅州市人民医院行宫颈检查的患者,以病理结果作为金标准,评价宫颈薄层液基细胞学检查和PCR扩增,基因探针杂交方法检查人乳头廇病毒在临床的应用价值。结果 HPV DNA和LCT均阳性的患者中,随着TBS细胞学诊断的级别升高分别为SCC97.4%、CINⅢ92.3%、CINⅡ83.4%、CINⅠ71.8%。结论采用LCT结合HPV DNA检查可以提高宫颈上皮内瘤样变（宫颈癌前病变）的阳性诊断率,可疑患者应配合阴道镜检查及镜下活检进一步明确诊断及治疗,重视宫颈癌前病变的规范化筛查。     

LCT、HPV检测及宫颈多点小活检在宫颈癌筛查的应用

目的 探讨宫颈液基细胞学(LCT)检查及人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)DNA检测及阴道镜下宫颈多点小活检对宫颈癌与癌前病变的筛查用于早期诊断及预测病变转归的价值.方法 在深圳市某社区抽取19～69岁妇女380人作为研究对象.对其同步进行宫颈脱落细胞的液基细胞学检查、HC-Ⅱ法和SNIPER高危型HPV检测.对一项或多项异常者行...     

子宫颈病变与性传播病原微生物感染关系的研究

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-Ⅱ)、沙眼衣原体(CT)和支原体(UU)4种病原微生物感染与子宫颈病变关系。方法采用PCR荧光法检测4种病原微生物的DNA,并同时做液基细胞学检查．结果HPV、HSV-Ⅱ、CT、UU、HPV HSV-Ⅱ、CT UU、HPV CT DNA检出率分别为17.8％、10．3%、6、21％、15．9％、3．3%、2．9％、1．3％,细胞学诊断阳性者146例,不典型鳞状上皮细胞病变(ASCUS)、低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)、高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)、鳞状细胞癌(SOC)的HPV感染率分别为15．38％、71．11％、77．14％、100％。结论HPV感染是宫颈癌、宫颈鳞状上皮内瘤变的高危因素;HPV、HSV-Ⅱ、CT、UU感染是宫颈糜烂的主要病原体．这几种病原微生物合并感染时,由于其相互作用,可促进宫颈病变的进程,导致宫颈癌的发生。     

高危型人乳头状瘤病毒与宫颈病变的关系

目的 探讨高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)16/18感染与宫颈疾病发生发展的关系.方法 对23例宫颈癌、127例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)、58例宫颈炎和10例正常宫颈进行荧光定量PCR检测HPV16/18,同时检测单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)和沙眼衣原体(CT)的感染情况.结果 HPV16/18、HSV的阳性率在宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变、宫颈癌中均有递增趋势,且差异有显著性.各组病变均出现几种病原体混合感染,其中HPV16/18,HSV明显高于HPV16/18合并CT感染者.结论 高危型HPV与宫颈上皮内瘤变、宫颈癌的发生密切相关,HSV和CT可能是HPV的协同因子,联合检测可为宫颈疾病的早期诊断和治疗提供重要依据.     

液基细胞学结合HPV检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值

目的　评价液基细胞学 (Autocyte prep L CT)结合人乳头状瘤病毒 (HPV)检测对宫颈癌筛查的作用。方法应用液基细胞学、HPV检测筛查方法与宫颈活检对照 ,比较 2种方法对宫颈鳞状上皮内高度病变 (HSIL ,CIN - )和鳞状细胞癌 (SCC)筛查的准确性。结果　液基细胞学检 15 0 5 4例 ,其中 2 33例与宫颈活检诊断符合率 :HSIL (CIN - )83.3% (4 5 / 5 4例 ,含 SSC19例 ) ,SCC10 0 % (9/ 9)。并对 2 33例中的 12 4例进行 HPV- DNA检测 ,HPV16 ,18感染表现 ,慢性炎→扁平湿疣→尖锐湿疣→ CIN→宫颈癌 ,随宫颈病变加重而逐渐升高。结论　液基细胞学结合 HPV检测对宫颈癌的筛查准确性高 ,不失为一种先进的宫颈癌筛查方法     

人乳头瘤病毒检测在宫颈癌筛查中的作用

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)在宫颈癌筛查中的作用。方法用薄层液基细胞涂片法进行宫颈细胞学检查,对细胞学异常患者采用第二代杂交捕获试验检测高危型HPV DNA。 HPVDNA检测阳性和细胞学检测结果为非典型鳞状细胞或低度鳞状上皮内病变(LISL)以上患者,均行阴道镜下活组织病理检查。分析HPV感染与宫颈上皮内瘤变的关系。结果HPV DNA检出率随宫颈病变程度加重呈上升趋势。非典型鳞状细胞者中HPV检测阳性为31.4％,HPV阳性的非典型鳞状细胞患者中51.1％为宫颈上皮内瘤变或更严重病变。结论HPV DNA检测在宫颈癌筛查中可作为细胞学的辅助手段提高诊断准确性,减少细胞学结果为轻度异常患者不必要的阴道镜检查。高危型HPV检测可指导早期HPV感染者的治疗及用于惠者的追踪随访。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.