Reliability of the First Eye and Second Eye in Frequency Doubling Technology Perimetry

Purpose

To compare the reliability of the perimetry results of the first eye and the second eye with frequency doubling technology (FDT).

Methods

The subjects were 328 residents who underwent the C-20-5 mode of FDT at a city in central Japan. FDT perimetry was always performed first in the right eye and then in the left eye without any time between tests. When more than 33% fixation loss or false-positive error was detected, the result was judged unreliable.

Results

Of the 328 subjects, the bilateral perimetry results were reliable in 255 subjects (77.7%), the unilateral results were reliable in 57 (17.4%), and there was not a reliable result in either eye in 16 (4.9%) subjects. Of the 57 subjects whose unilateral result was unreliable, the result of the second eye was unreliable in 50 (88%) subjects, and the result of the first eye was unreliable in 7 (12%). This difference in the reliability between the first eye and second eye was significant (P < 0.001). There were no differences in the age, sex, visual acuity, refractive error, test duration, or number of glaucoma suspects between the two groups whose unilateral result was unreliable in the first eye or the second eye.

Conclusions

The FDT perimetry result of the second eye was less reliable than that of the first eye. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2005;49:417–419 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2005     

Agreement between frequency-doubling technology perimetry and Heidelberg retinal tomography 3

Purpose

To compare Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT) 3 and frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry for diagnosis of glaucoma.

Methods

One eye of each of 117 patients was randomly chosen. The eyes were imaged by HRT3 and tested by FDT. The pattern standard deviation (PSD) and global glaucoma probability score (GPS) were selected as representative output, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value determined for each. The agreement between the 2 diagnostic methods was analyzed.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity of HRT3 and FDT perimetry for PSD (65.4 and 62.7 %, respectively) and for GPS (69.2 and 62.7 %, respectively) were similar, as were the positive predictive values (PSD 40.5 %, GPS 41.9 %). However, the 2 methods had only slight diagnostic agreement (κ = 0.112), and this was not significant (P = 0.281).

Conclusions

FDT perimetry and HRT3 had no significant diagnostic agreement. Thus, the results from both examinations should be considered when determining diagnosis of glaucoma.     

Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in the early diagnosis of normal-tension preperimetric glaucoma: a case report

Introduction

The purpose of this case is to present the use of pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in the early diagnosis of normal-tension preperimetric glaucoma in 56 years old woman.

Methods and Results

At baseline the results were as follows: distance-corrected visual acuity in the right eye (RE) and left eye (LE) 1.0 and 0.7, respectively (Snellen table), normal anterior segments in both eyes, normal fundus in the RE and abnormal cup to disc ratio (0.6) in the LE. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was within normal limits in both eyes: RE-14 mmHg, LE-18 mmHg (Goldmann tonometer). Results of standard automated perimetry (SAP), short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) and nerve fiber analyzer (GDx) were normal in both eyes. PERG result was normal in the RE but in the LE reduced amplitudes of P50 and N95 waves were observed. After topical treatment (Xalacom to the LE), a reduction of IOP to 13 mmHg was achieved and was accompanied by amplitudes increase of PERG waves. After discontinuation of the therapy, IOP increased to 18 mmHg and P50 and N95 amplitudes decreased to the values before treatment, suggesting the influence of IOP lowering therapy on electrical function of retinal ganglion cells. After 4 years from the baseline, static perimetry results were still normal, but abnormalities in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were detected in GDx.

Conclusions

PERG was a useful test not only for the early diagnosis of normal-tension preperimetric glaucoma, but also in evaluating the effectiveness of antiglaucomatous treatment.     

Correlation between early retinal nerve fiber layer loss and visual field loss determined by three different perimetric strategies: white-on-white,frequency-doubling,or flicker-defined form perimetry

Purpose

To compare the significance of white-on-white standard automated perimetry (SAP), matrix frequency doubling technology (FDT), and flicker-defined form perimetry (FDF) for early detection of nerve fiber layer loss in early glaucoma patients.

Methods

Fifty-one healthy controls and 40 patients with early glaucomatous nerve fiber loss were enrolled in this study. Patients had retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) imaging and visual field testing by SAP, FDT matrix, and FDF perimetry at the same visit. Visual field defects were confirmed with two or more consecutive examinations by the same types of perimetry. Significant retinal nerve fiber layer loss and thus early glaucoma was defined with the reference to the RNFL thickness deviation map. The sensitivity, specificity, correlation, MD (mean deviation) and PSD (pattern standard deviation) visual field indexes, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of MD and PSD of the perimetries were compared.

Results

There was a significant difference in nerve fiber layer thickness between healthy patients (97.7 ± 1.34 μm and patients with early glaucoma (84.1 ± 1.58 μm) (p?p?0.6. AUCs of PSD were not reliable in all of the three VF devices.

Conclusions

The sensitivity for detection of RNFL loss in early glaucoma seems to be higher in FDF and FDT matrix than SAP perimetry, while specifity was highest in SAP. Thus, simultaneous performance of FDF/FDT matrix and SAP perimetry seems beneficial for the correct diagnosis of early glaucoma in patients.     

Multifocal electroretinographic evaluation of macular function in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy

Background

In acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), little is known about the long-term outcome of electroretinographic macular function. The purpose of this study was to report 2-year follow-up results of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in a 26-year-old Japanese woman diagnosed with APMPPE.

Methods

Clinical and electrophysiological investigations of a single patient.

Results

Best-corrected visual acuity at initial examination was 1.5 and 0.5 in her right and left eyes, respectively. In addition to characteristic fundus lesions bilaterally, fluorescein angiography demonstrated diagnostic early blockage and late staining of the lesions. Optical coherence tomography revealed a hyperreflective spot (corresponding to the lesion) in the outer retinal layer in the right eye and intraretinal fluid in the left eye. On mfERG, the amplitudes were generally preserved, but markedly reduced amplitudes were detected in the central region of the left eye and in the paracentral region of the right eye. Five days later, visual acuity improved to 1.0, and the intraretinal fluid spontaneously disappeared without medication in the left eye. Light-to-dark ratios on electrooculography were 2.68 and 2.23 in the right and left eyes, respectively, both within the normal range. Two years later, visual acuity was 2.0 in both eyes, and ophthalmoscopically, there were neither retinal nor retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) abnormalities. mfERG revealed that the amplitudes were considerably improved (nearly normal level) in both eyes.

Conclusions

The outcome suggests that longitudinal macular function in both visual acuity and mfERG may be favorable, unless areas of retinal or RPE alteration remain.     

Laser speckle flowgraphy for differentiating between nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy and anterior optic neuritis

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) for the differentiation of acute nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) from anterior optic neuritis (ON).

Methods

To investigate blood flow in the optic disc under normal conditions, NAION, and anterior ON, we compared the tissue blood flow of the right eye with that of the left eye in the control group, and that of the affected eye with that of the unaffected eye in the NAION and anterior ON groups.

Results

In the normal control group, the tissue blood flow did not significantly differ between the right and left eyes. In the NAION group, all 6 patients had decreased optic disc blood flow in the NAION eye when compared with the unaffected eye. By contrast, in the anterior ON group, all 6 patients had increased optic disc blood flow in the anterior ON eye when compared with the unaffected eye. In the NAION group, the mean blur rate (MBR) of the affected eyes was 29.5 % lower than that of the unaffected eyes. In the anterior ON group, the MBR of the affected eyes was 15.9 % higher than that of the unaffected eyes.

Conclusions

LSFG could be useful in differentiating between NAION and anterior ON. In addition, this imaging technique saves time and is noninvasive.     

Frequency-doubling technology and retinal measurements with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in preperimetric glaucoma

Background

To determine the relationship between visual fields and retinal structures measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in preperimetric glaucoma (PPG).

Methods

Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients with PPG and 20 healthy eyes of 20 volunteers were included. All patients underwent Heidelberg retina tomography-2 (HRT2), standard automated perimetry (SAP), frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry, and RTVue-100. SAP and FDT indices, HRT parameters, and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thicknesses were correlated using Pearson’s test. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) and sensitivity/specificity based on each parameter’s definition of abnormalities were compared between parameters.

Results

Significant differences were found in FDT-MD, FDT-PSD, SAP-PSD, cpRNFL, and mGCC parameters (p?<?0.001–0.015), but not in SAP-MD or HRT parameters, between PPG and control groups. Significant correlations were not found between visual field indices and structural parameters, except between FDT-MD and HRT rim area (r?=?0.450, p?=?0.021) and between FDT-PSD and temporal cpRNFL thickness (r?=?0.402, p?=?0.021). AUROCs for cpRNFL (p?=?0.0047–0.033) and mGCC (p?=?0.0082–0.049) parameters were significantly better than those of HRT parameters, whereas significant differences were not found between FDT indices and cpRNFL or mGCC parameters or between cpRNFL and mGCC parameters. Adding average cpRNFL or mGCC thickness to FDT-MD significantly increased sensitivity compared to single parameters (p?=?0.016–0.031).

Conclusions

Structural and functional parameters were poorly correlated but complementary for glaucoma detection in PPG. Combining these parameters may improve PPG diagnosis.     

Bilateral papillomacular retinoschisis and macular detachment accompanied by focal lamina cribrosa defect in glaucomatous eyes

Purpose

We report here a patient with bilateral papillomacular retinoschisis with an enlarged glaucomatous optic nerve head cup and a focal lamina cribrosa defect, the findings of our clinical investigations of this case, and the chosen treatment and outcome.

Design

This is an observational case report.

Methods

Clinical examinations were performed using simultaneous confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The patient was treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Results

The left eye had a macular detachment with a presumed acquired pit of the optic nerve, while the right eye did not have an obvious optic nerve pit. Enhanced depth imaging OCT showed focal lamina cribrosa defects in both eyes. PPV was performed on the left eye, which resulted in a re-attachment of the macula and improvement of the visual acuity.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the pathological changes were most likely due to focal lamina cribrosa defects in both glaucomatous eyes. This type of maculopathy can be successfully treated with PPV.     

European ST80 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus orbital cellulitis in a neonate

Background

To report atypical features on Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a case of non-familial pure adult nanophthalmos.

Case presentation

A 39?year old male hyperope was found to have biometric and fundus findings typical of nanophthalmos. The additional atypical features included serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in right eye and a cuff of subretinal fluid with underlying yellow deposits along superotemporal arcade in the left eye. Fundus flourescein angiogram showed hyperfluorescence due to window defect, dye pooling due to serous PED in right eye and leak superior to disc in right eye and superotemporally in left eye. Cirrus-SD OCT horizontal line scan passing through the fovea showed extensive inner limiting membrane corrugations causing distorted foveal contour in both eyes. A large juxtafoveal serous PED and a small extrafoval PED were seen with folds in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choriocapillary layer in the right eye.

Conclusion

Structural disruptions in the RPE-choriocapillary complex in the form of folds or juxtafoveal serous PED and RPE folds can be atypical features of nanophthalmic macula better discerned on high resolution OCT.     

Acquired dyschromatopsia in acute myelocytic leukaemia

Background

Patients with haematological malignancy are referred to the ophthalmologist either with visual symptoms or to exclude orbital or intraocular involvement after the diagnosis has been established. This report describes a patient with acute myelocytic leukaemia (AML) whose presenting symptom was dyschromatopsia.

Methods

A 52-year-old female, previously in good health, presented with a disturbance of colour vision. On examination, there was bilateral reduction in visual acuity, impaired colour vision and severely constricted visual fields. Electrophysiological testing and colour contrast sensitivity (CCS) assessment were performed.

Results

CCS showed bilateral threshold elevation in the tritan axis of both eyes, right worse than left. Pattern ERG showed marked macular dysfunction in the right eye, but was normal in the left eye. Full-field ERGs fell within the normal range. Pattern VEPs were reduced in the right eye, without peak time shift; flash VEPs showed bilateral delay. Investigation showed severe anaemia, and a bone marrow biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of acute AML. There was symptomatic improvement in visual acuity and colour vision following blood transfusion and initiation of chemotherapy.

Conclusion

This appears to be the first case report of dyschromatopsia in AML with symptomatic improvement following treatment. The case lends support to previously suggested hypotheses of chromatic visual disturbance in association with presumed hypoxia.     

Visual Field Defect After Radial Optic Neurotomy for Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Purpose

To evaluate visual field defects after radial optic neurotomy (RON) in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods

Eight patients (eight eyes) underwent RON for macular edema associated with CRVO. Goldmann perimetry was performed on each patient both before and after surgery.

Results

Postoperative Goldmann perimetry showed a temporally located wedge-shaped visual field defect consistent with neural damage secondary to RON in seven eyes (88%). After surgery, the visual field decreased from preoperative values by 7% at 3 months (P = 0.30) and by 21% at 12 months (P = 0.0023). Although three patients (38%) were aware of the postoperative visual field defect, only one patient (13%) considered this defect to be a visual disability.

Conclusions

After RON, most patients showed a postoperative defect in the temporal visual field consistent with the incision to the optic disk. However, this visual field defect appears to be well tolerated by most patients.?Jpn J Ophthalmol 2006;50:158–160 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2006     

One year outcome of manual alcohol-assisted removal of Salzmann’s nodular degeneration

Background

To analyze visual and refractive modifications and corneal topography changes in a patient treated for bilateral advanced Salzmann’s nodular degeneration (SND).

Methods

A forty-three-year-old man with bilateral advanced SND underwent manual, alcohol-assisted removal of the altered layer. Visual acuity, refraction, corneal topography and corneal aberrations were examined before and after the treatment after 7 days and 1, 6 and 12 months.

Results

The uncorrected visual acuity changed from 0.1 to 1.0 in both eyes. Refraction changed from sphere +3.00 and cylinder +4.50?×?180 degrees in the right eye and sphere +6 and cylinder +4.0?×?170 degrees in the left eye to bilateral emetropia. Corneal topography recovered from an extremely flat profile to a normal shape and it was unvaried during the follow-up period. Main topographic indices, highly altered before the treatment, normalized and were normal at control examinations. The quality of vision improved significantly with reduction of high-order aberrations from RMS of 5,07 μm to 0,66 μm in the right eye and RMS of 4,89 μm to 0,57 μm in the left eye respectively.

Conclusions

Salzmann nodules produce an impressive central corneal flattening with high hyperopic refractive error and significant increment of corneal aberrations. After manual removal of the altered layer, the visual and refractive recovery, corneal topography and aberrometry normalization were immediate and stable during the observational period.     

Dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) versus Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) - a comparison of agreement and reproducibility

Background

The PASCAL® dynamic contour tonometer (DCT) is a novel device designed for intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. It is assumed to be largely independent of corneal properties. In a previous study we compared DCT with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in 100 right eyes with normal corneas. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether differences DCT-GAT?≥?2.0 mmHg found in the previous study are reproducible and also present in the fellow eye.

Methods

Twenty-three of the 100 patients (M:F?=?8:15, mean age: 36?±?11 SD, range 22–53 years) with a previous difference DCT-GAT?≥?2.0 mmHg were included in the present study. The minimum interval between the initial and the current examination was 3 weeks. The IOP-values of the fellow eyes in this subgroup were assessed in parallel.

Results

The difference DCT-GAT was 2.44?±?0.4 SEM mmHg in the subgroup of the 23 right eyes and 2.03?±?0.5 SEM mmHg for the fellow eyes, compared to 0.94?±?0.5 SEM mmHg in the initial sample of 100 eyes.

Conclusions

In cases with higher difference between DCT-GAT, the difference is reproducible and even present in the fellow eye. We, therefore, assume that the differences are not caused by chance, but by differing biomechanical corneal properties.     

Elderly case of pseudo-unilateral occult macular dystrophy with Arg45Trp mutation in RP1L1 gene

Purpose

To report a case of pseudo-unilateral occult macular dystrophy (OMD) with an Arg45Trp mutation in the RP1L1 gene and had unilateral functional changes for about 9 years.

Case report

A 64-year-old woman with a decimal visual acuity of 1.0 in both eyes complained about difficulties with visual tasks because of presbyopia. At the age of 65 years, her visual acuity in the left eye decreased to 0.2, while that in the right eye was 0.7. The fundus of both eyes was normal except for drusen. After 10 years and at the age of 75 years, her visual acuity in the right eye decreased to 0.3. Focal macular electroretinograms (ERGs) at this time were severely attenuated in both eyes, while the full-field ERGs were within normal limits. Ophthalmoscopy showed that the fundus of both eyes was still normal. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous mutation, Arg45Trp, in the RP1L1 gene.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that the phenotype in some cases of OMD with an Arg45Trp mutation in the RP1L1 gene can be unilateral for a considerable period.     

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita und Retinitis pigmentosa

Background

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a heterogeneous pattern of symptoms consisting of clinically different types. AMC is a non-progressive condition, which is characterized by congenital contracture of several joints in different body areas and may also occur as a manifestation of other syndromes. In such syndromes retinopathy as an ophthalmological manifestation of AMC has been described in the literature in only two patients.

Case report

A 12-year-old girl with AMC presented with progressive visual loss since 1 year. Visual acuity was 0.5 in the right and 0.8 in the left eye. Visual fields were concentrically constricted. Funduscopy revealed an atrophic retinal pigment epithelium of the whole fundus with vital optic discs. In the scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) amplitudes were dramatically decreased or absent and cone signals were delayed. The multifocal ERG (mfERG) presented pathologically reduced amplitudes in the macular region as well as in the periphery. Examinations 5 and 8 years later revealed a reduction of visual acuity to 0.05 in the right and to 0.1 in the left eye, in addition the results of perimetry and of the Ganzfeld-ERG had deceased and the mfERG was no longer measurable.

Conclusion

This young female demonstrated an AMC in combination with retinitis pigmentosa, but other disease manifestations or cerebral retardation could not be found. We present here an unusual case of what seems to be a new athrogryposis syndrome.     

Can the specificity of the FDT for glaucoma be improved by confirming abnormal results?

PURPOSE: To determine whether the specificity of the frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimeter in the screening mode for glaucoma can be improved by repeating abnormal screening results. METHODS: The FDT perimeter was used in C-20-5 screening mode, and the right eye was tested first. After both eyes were tested, the screening was repeated in eyes with any abnormal visual field defects on FDT perimetry. The printouts were categorized as possible visual field abnormality (zero or one miss), probable visual field abnormality (two to four misses), and definite visual field abnormality (more than five misses). A clinical ophthalmologic examination was conducted on the day of the FDT perimetry screening. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 223 people. The participants ranged in age from 23 to 91 years (mean, 68.5 years; standard deviation. 13.7 years), and 119 (53%) were women. The sensitivity of the FDT perimetry screening was 100%; both cases of glaucoma showed an abnormality on FDT perimetry both times. The specificity improved moderately from the first screening to the second screening. The specificity the first time was 62% (95% confidence interval, 53.1-71.2). The specificity the second time was 68.5% (95% confidence interval, 59.8-77.1). Improvement on FDT perimetry rescreening varied by the language spoken at home. Seven of the 19 non-English speakers without glaucoma improved on rescreening, compared with none of the 23 English speakers (P = 0.002). Seven of the 25 right eyes with FDT perimetry abnormalities both times and no glaucoma had no other detectable diseases. Three of 24 left eyes with FDT perimetry abnormalities both times and no glaucoma had no other detectable diseases. Of the 85 patients who did not have glaucoma but had FDT perimetry abnormalities both times, only one did not have some other detectable disease. DISCUSSION: In summary, the sensitivity for glaucoma of the C-20-5 screening mode is excellent, but a paradigm for screening with the FDT perimeter to improve the overall specificity for glaucoma still must be developed.     

Choroidal Neovascularization in Highly Myopic Eyes After Cataract Surgery

Purpose

To determine the incidence and characteristics of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with high myopia (≥8 diopters) who underwent cataract surgery in the Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, or the Ohno Eye Clinic, Tokyo, between September 1991 and March 2000.

Methods

The medical records of 35 patients (48 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were studied retrospectively. The development of CNV over a 4-year follow-up period, and its characteristics were determined. All of the eyes had received a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including best-corrected visual acuity measurements, anterior segment biomicroscopy, and a dilated fundus examination by stereoscopic observation.

Results

CNV was found in six eyes (12.5%) of six patients. The mean interval between cataract surgery and the development of CNV was 34 ± 17 months (range, 12–48 months). The CNV was subfoveal in all cases. The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) after cataract surgery and before the appearance of CNV was 0.23 ± 0.24, and 0.93 ± 0.41 after the CNV appeared. This decrease was statistically significant (P = 0.0008, paired Student t test). Subfoveal CNV developed more frequently in eyes when the fellow eye showed evidence of CNV preoperatively (40.0%) than in eyes when the fellow eye exhibited no evidence of CNV (9.3%).

Conclusions

CNV developed in 12.5% of patients with high myopia after cataract surgery. CNV tended to develop more frequently when the fellow eye had CNV.?Jpn J Ophthalmol 2006;50:345–348 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2006     

Two types of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy differentiated by dark- and light-adapted perimetry

Purpose

To assess the results of perimetry recorded under dark- and light-adapted (DA and LA) conditions in patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) and to compare the results of electroretinography (ERG) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in two groups of AZOOR patients.

Methods

Twelve patients with AZOOR were studied. The diagnosis of AZOOR was based on the results of ophthalmoscopy, Goldmann kinetic perimetry, and multifocal ERGs. In addition, DA and LA perimetry, ERG, and SD-OCT were performed. The patients were followed for 1–9 years.

Results

The patients were classified into two types: type A patients (3) had a scotoma detected by both DA and LA perimetry, normal or equally abnormal cone and rod ERGs, atrophy of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), and disruption of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction line in the OCT images. Type B patients (7) had a scotoma that was more prominent in LA than in DA perimetry and a continuous IS/OS junction line in the OCT images. Two patients had characteristics of both type A and type B AZOOR.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that eyes with type A AZOOR have focal and severe impairment of both the rods and cones, and eyes with type B AZOOR have focal and specific impairment of the cones.     

Two cases of repeating recurrences and spontaneous closures of macular holes in vitrectomized eyes

Background

Three eyes of 2 cases had repeating recurrences and spontaneous closures of macular holes (MHs) after vitrectomy.

Cases

A 66-year-old man had rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in his left eye and underwent vitrectomy with successful retinal reattachment. A full-thickness MH developed 1 year after the vitrectomy and spontaneously closed 1 month later. Opening and spontaneous closure of the MH recurred an additional 4 times over 7 years. An 80-year-old man had suffered intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation and underwent vitrectomy in his left eye. An MH developed in the eye 6 years and 3 months after the vitrectomy. Repeated opening and spontaneous closure of the MH occurred twice in the left eye. The same patient also suffered IOL dislocation and underwent vitrectomy in his right eye. An MH also developed in the right eye 2 years and 9 months after the vitrectomy. Repeated opening and spontaneous closure of the MH occurred 3 times in the right eye.

Observations

The visual acuity was maintained at the last visit in both cases.

Conclusions

MHs in vitrectomized eyes can show repeated recurrence and spontaneous closure.

     

Change in the location of the equator and recessed muscles in young rabbit eyes

Purpose

To study the changes in the location of the equator and the new insertion of extraocular muscle after recession surgery in a rabbit model.

Method

An experimental study was performed in ten eyes of five rabbits. Eyes were divided into two groups according to the amount of recession. In right eyes, 5 mm superior recti (SR) muscle recession, approximately 2 mm posterior to the equator, was performed (5 mm recession group), while in the left eyes, 3 mm recession was performed to the location of the equator (3 mm recession group). We measured the distance of the equator from the limbus, as well as the distance between the superior rectus insertion and the equator. The preoperative measurements were compared with the results 2 months after the surgery. The change in location of the superior rectus and the equator was compared between the two eyes.

Result

The recessed SR muscle did not show any significant change in location in both groups (p?=?0.18 and 0.16 respectively). However, the location of the equator of rabbit eye showed movement of about 1 mm posterior to the initial location with the growth of the eyeballs (p =?0.04 and 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion

The location of the equator moved posteriorly at 2 months postoperatively in young rabbit model while the insertion of the recessed SR did not show any significant movement.