唇腭裂新生儿术前矫治方法与技术的探讨及术后疗效评价

目的:探讨唇腭裂新生儿术前鼻-腭-牙槽骨矫形的方法与技术并进行初步疗效评价.方法:对10 例单侧唇腭裂新生儿(包括2 例伴对侧I度唇裂)进行术前鼻-腭-牙槽骨矫形主要包括鼻矫形、恢复牙弓形态、减小腭部裂隙;矫形后用改良Millard法行单侧唇裂唇鼻畸形同期整复术.采用SPSS 15.0统计软件包对所得数据进行t检验.结果:10 例唇腭裂新生儿经3 个月左右术前鼻-腭-牙槽骨矫形,鼻小柱高度、鼻塌陷畸形显著改善及鼻小柱歪斜度减小(P<0.01);唇部软组织裂隙宽度显著变窄(P<0.05),牙槽裂隙及腭部裂隙显著变窄(P<0.01).经矫形的患儿术后鼻对称性得到很好的恢复;唇部形态恢复佳.结论:唇腭裂患者术前进行鼻-腭-牙槽骨矫形是值得采用的序列治疗方法.     

唇腭裂婴儿术前鼻牙槽骨塑形治疗后鼻孔、牙槽和腭部裂隙的变化

目的探讨鼻牙槽骨塑形器应用于完全性唇腭裂婴儿术前矫形的临床效果。方法通过对16例完全性唇腭裂婴儿进行术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治．记录治疗前后患侧鼻孔的宽度、高度,鼻小柱长度和上腭牙槽骨裂隙的变化,观察矫治效果。结果经过90～150d的治疗．9例双侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿和7例单侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿的鼻小柱长度和鼻孔宽度高度均有明显的改善．牙槽骨裂隙宽度和硬腭前部裂隙宽度均明显缩小。结论鼻牙槽塑形器能明显改善完全性唇腭裂婴儿的鼻翼和鼻小柱外观,减小牙槽骨和硬腭前部裂隙的宽度,有利于鼻部发育,减少手术难度,提高整复效果。     

术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形在双侧完全性唇腭裂患儿治疗中的应用

目的：探讨双侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形的方法与技术,并进行初步疗效评价。方法：9例双侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿进行术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形治疗。将前颌骨向后移动,排列在两侧牙槽骨之间,使牙槽骨成为较为规则的弧形排列;鼻软骨塑形及鼻小柱延长。采用SPSS15.0软件包对所得数据进行t检验。结果：9例患儿经5个月左右的术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形,前颌骨的前突量从37.64mm减至29.94mm,治疗前、后差异显著（P〈0.01）,牙槽骨排列成较为规则的弧形;鼻翼塌陷畸形得到改善,鼻尖形态改善,鼻底宽度减小（P〈0.05）,鼻小柱得到延长,从1.13mm增加至3.78mm（P〈0.05）。结论：双侧完全性唇腭裂患儿为了获得较为理想的鼻唇形态及牙槽骨的规则弧形排列,术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形是值得采用的序列治疗方法。     

鼻牙槽骨塑形对单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿术后鼻外形的影响

目的：探讨术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治对单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿术后长期鼻外形美观与对称性的影响。方法：84例患儿按改良式旋转推进唇裂修复术实施手术。其中，经过术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治42例，未经术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治42例。均采用术后4～5a照片打分方式进行鼻外形评定，而后分组进行比较。采用SPSS10．0软件包进行配对样本t检验。结果：经过术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治和未经术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治患儿，术后4～5a鼻外形的美观与对称性平均得分分别为66．62±14．25和66．31±15．08，两者之间无显著统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：单纯术前应用鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治纠正单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿鼻畸形，而未对单侧唇裂鼻畸形形成的解剖学机制进行有效干预，手术后良好的鼻外形无法长期维持。     

新生儿单侧完全性唇腭裂的鼻-齿槽塑形治疗的临床研究

目的 观察鼻-齿槽塑形治疗对单侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿的临床疗效。方法 对12例出生6~20 d的单侧完全性唇腭裂新生儿进行鼻-齿槽的整形,测量治疗前后的齿槽骨裂隙宽度、上唇裂隙宽度、鼻孔宽度、鼻孔高度和鼻小柱长度,并用SPSS10.0软件进行统计分析。结果 经过3～5个月的鼻-齿槽塑形治疗后,齿槽裂隙、上唇裂隙和鼻孔宽度明显减小,鼻孔高度和鼻小柱长度明显增加,均有统计学意义。鼻外形左右基本对称,患侧鼻孔略大于健侧,鼻小柱位于面部正中位置,上唇组织延长。结论 鼻-齿槽塑形塑形治疗能有效减少单侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿的上唇及齿槽骨的裂隙宽度,改善鼻外观,降低手术难度。     

唇腭裂患儿的鼻牙槽塑形治疗:29例临床分析

目的:采用鼻牙槽塑形器对唇腭裂患儿进行术前唇、牙槽裂隙及鼻畸形矫正,观察鼻牙槽塑形疗效,总结矫治过程中出现的问题及解决对策,为鼻牙槽塑形治疗的开展提供参考。方法:选择在本院接受鼻牙槽塑形治疗的患儿29例,其中单侧唇腭裂19例,双侧唇腭裂10例;初诊年龄为出生后3～150d,矫治周期2.5～3个月,每2周复诊,调整矫正器。结果:参照鼻牙槽塑形治疗评价标准,17例患儿矫治成功,唇、牙槽裂隙明显缩小,鼻不对称畸形明显改善,鼻小柱延长;9例好转,唇、鼻畸形部分纠正,利于手术;3例患者放弃治疗。结论:鼻牙槽塑形成功的关键因素包括初诊年龄、印模、腭护板和鼻撑的调整、鼻模的应用;正畸科需要与口腔颌面外科、整形外科医师取得共识,尽早给患儿开始治疗,以提高手术效果。     

完全性唇腭裂婴儿术前正畸治疗的临床研究

目的 观察术前鼻-牙槽突矫治器(PNAM)在完全性唇腭裂婴儿术前矫治中的作用.方法 采用术前鼻-牙槽突矫治器对45例非综合征性完全性唇腭裂患儿(平均年龄为18.33 d)进行唇裂术前正畸治疗,测量治疗前后的鼻小柱倾斜度、鼻小柱长度、鼻孔宽度、鼻孔高度和牙槽骨裂隙宽度,并用SPSS 10.0软件进行统计分析.结果 经PN...     

上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器在婴儿双侧完全性唇腭裂术前正畸中的应用

目的 探讨上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器在婴儿期双侧完全性唇腭裂术前正畸中的应用价值.方法 对50例双侧唇腭裂患儿,随机分为试验组(n＝30)与对照组(n＝20),试验组于出生10 d～1个月内进行上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器矫治,对照组均不做术前正畸.两组患儿正畸治疗前(T1)后(T2)对比上唇裂隙、上前牙槽突裂隙关闭程度,对比两组唇腭裂联合整复术后3个月鼻翼外观满意度,作出评价.结果 两组患儿T1、T2两侧上唇裂隙及牙槽突裂隙宽度差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).患儿术后鼻翼外观满意度试验组87%,高于对照组60%(P＜0.05).结论 该治疗有效减少上唇及上颌骨牙槽突的裂隙宽度,改善鼻外观,达到降低手术难度,增加手术效果的目的.     

McNamara分析法评价改良鼻牙槽骨矫形术对单侧完全性唇腭裂患者替牙列期颌骨发育的影响

目的 初步探讨改良鼻牙槽矫形术对单侧完全性唇腭裂患者替牙列期颌骨发育的影响.方法 选择56名单侧完全性唇腭裂患者,依据其在唇腭裂修复手术前是否进行过改良鼻牙槽骨矫形术分为矫治组与对照组,矫治组26人,对照组30人.选用McNamara头影测量分析法评价改良鼻牙槽骨矫形治疗对于单侧完全性唇腭裂患者替牙列中期的颌骨发育的影...     

双侧完全性唇腭裂新生儿进行鼻-齿槽塑形治疗的临床研究

目的观察鼻-齿槽塑形治疗(presurgical nasal-alveolar molding,PNAM)对双侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿的临床疗效。方法对20例出生10天~3个月的双侧完全性唇腭裂新生儿进行鼻-齿槽的整形,测量治疗前后的双侧上唇裂隙宽度、前鼻突到唇裂距离、鼻小柱长度及唇裂交角,并用SPSS21.0软件进行统计分析。结果经过3~4个月的PNAM治疗后,双侧上唇裂隙宽度、前鼻突到唇裂距离明显减小,鼻小柱长度明显增加,均有统计学意义;唇裂交角增大,但无统计学意义。鼻外形左右基本对称,鼻翼外形恢复不明显,鼻小柱位于面部正中位置。结论 PNAM塑形治疗能有效减少双侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿的上唇裂隙宽度,压低前鼻突,伸长鼻小柱,改善鼻外观,降低手术难度。     

新生儿完全性唇腭裂术前鼻撑和正畸治疗的临床观察

目的 观察新生儿完全性唇腭裂术前鼻撑和正畸治疗的效果。方法对38例完全性唇腭裂，通过模型测量矫治前后牙槽裂距的改变，观察治疗效果；用鼻外形的评价标准对术后患儿进行初步评价。结果经过108—152天的治疗，26例单侧完全性唇腭裂齿槽左右裂隙较矫治前平均缩小5．3mm，前后裂距较矫治前平均缩小3．5mm；鼻外形评价的优良率为76％。12例双侧完全性唇腭裂齿槽左侧裂隙平均缩小4．7mm，右侧裂隙平均缩小4．2mm，左右裂距平均扩大1．6mm，前后裂距平均缩小5．1mm，前牙槽突宽度平均增大1．2mm；鼻外形评价的优良率为66％。结论对完全性唇腭裂患者在新生儿期做术前鼻撑和正畸治疗，患儿易适应，有利鼻发育，可减小手术的难度，提高整复效果。     

Nasoalveolar molding and long-term postsurgical esthetics for unilateral cleft lip/palate: 5-year follow-up

The nasoalveolar molding (NAM) technique has been shown to significantly improve the surgical outcome of the primary repair in cleft lip and palate patients. A 6-day-old female infant was managed with the presurgical NAM technique. Periodic adjustments of the appliance were continued every week to mold the nasoalveolar complex into the desired shape for the next 5 months. The 13 mm of alveolar cleft width was reduced to 1.5 mm. The depressed nostril on the cleft side was molded into the normal anatomy. The nose and upper lip were surgically repaired at the age of 5 months. The second stage surgery of palatal closure was performed at the age of 18 months. The patient was followed up regularly at 6-month intervals for the next 5 years.     

Simplifying cleft surgery by presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) for infant born with unilateral cleft lip,alveolus, and palate: A clinical report

PatientA 2-day-old female infant with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (left side) was presented to the Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur for evaluation and treatment with presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) prior to surgical intervention.DiscussionThe alignment of the alveolar segments creates the foundation upon which excellent results of primary lip and nasal surgery are dependent in the repair of the cleft lip, alveolus, and palate patient. Presurgical infant orthopedics has been employed since the 1950s as an adjunctive neonatal therapy for the correction of cleft lip and palate. One of the problems that the traditional approach failed to address was the deformity of the nasal cartilages and the deficiency of columella tissue in infants with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the step-by-step fabrication process of the PNAM prosthesis used to direct growth of the alveolar segments, lips, and nose in the presurgical treatment of cleft lip and palate.ConclusionAs a result, the primary surgical repair of the lip and nose heals under minimal tension, thereby reducing scar formation and improving the esthetic result. Frequent surgical intervention to achieve the desired esthetic results can be avoided by PNAM.     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿术前正畸及手术前后的上腭裂隙变化

目的 探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿术前正畸及手术前后的上腭裂隙变化.方法 对18例单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿先用上颌腭托矫治器(PNAM)术前正畸治疗后,再进行唇裂修补手术.采用模型测量方法,比较患儿初诊时、手术前1个月和手术后2个月时的上腭裂隙变化.结果 治疗后患儿唇部外形明显改善,腭部裂隙减小,患侧塌陷的鼻翼穹隆高度恢复.结...     

Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding (PNAM) for a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Clinical Report

Cleft lip and palate deformity is a congenital defect of the middle third of the face. Incidence varies from 1:500 to 1:2500 live births. Etiology depends upon hereditary and environmental factors. Restoration of these defects is important not only for functional and esthetic reasons, but also because there may be a positive psychological impact for the patient and parents. The goal of primary closure of the lip for unilateral cleft lip is to ensure a normal and symmetrical lip and nose. Presurgical infant orthopedics has been employed since the 1950s as an adjunctive neonatal therapy for the correction of cleft lip and palate. Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) represents a paradigm shift from the traditional methods of presurgical infant orthopedics. PNAM consists of active molding of the alveolar segments as well as the surrounding soft tissues. This clinical report describes a new approach of PNAM therapy for an infant with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate showing significant reduction in cleft defect size and improved contour and topography of deformed surrounding soft tissues.     

Three-dimensional evaluation of the effect of nasoalveolar molding on the volume of the alveolar gap in unilateral clefts

Over the last few decades it has been shown that nasoalveolar molding (NAM) has had an effect on the correction of nasal cartilage deformities and the alveolar process. This three-dimensional (3D) analysis evaluated the effects of NAM on the alveolar cleft region in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.Alveolar gap volumes were measured in a retrospective review of 40 dental casts of 20 patients with unilateral clef lip and palate before and after treatment. Ten patients who began undergoing NAM immediately after birth were included in this study. An additional 10 patients with unilateral clefts but without NAM were included as a control group. All of the casts (pretreatment and post-treatment) were 3D scanned, and the cleft volumes and anterior gap widths underwent computer-aided evaluations.NAM resulted in a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in alveolar gap volume and anterior cleft width from birth until lip closure time, while half of the control group showed slight increases in cleft volume. Based on these results, NAM is an effective and helpful treatment that can be used to significantly reduce alveolar gap volume and anterior cleft width in patients with unilateral clefts. Harmonization of the dental arch and a reduction in the alveolar cleft region are desirable treatment goals.     

Nasoalveolar Molding with Active Columellar Lengthening in Severe Bilateral Cleft Lip/Palate: A Clinical Report

Severe bilateral cleft‐lip/palate patients are difficult to manage even if nasoalveolar molding therapy is advocated before surgical repair. A 5‐day‐old male infant with bilateral cleft‐lip‐palate was managed with the nasoalveolar molding technique. Periodic adjustments of the appliance were continued every week to mold the nasoalveolar complex into the desired shape for the 5 months of infancy. The cleft width of 12 mm on the right and 14 mm on the left side was completely reduced, and the absent columella was lengthened to 6 mm with the active molding appliance. The horizontal bar of the nasal stent of the appliance was modified by adding an additional 1 mm layer of resilient liner on the tissue surface to achieve rapid columellar lengthening. In severe bilateral cleft‐lip/palate cases, simple modifications in the appliance can achieve rapid results.