对尘肺高千伏摄影胸片质量的探讨

目前在尘肺的X线摄影中,已广泛采用高千伏摄影.高千伏摄影是用获得在较小密度值范围内显示层次丰富的X线照片的摄影方法[1].我国尘肺诊断标准都是以高千伏摄影的胸部后前位胸片作为基准[2].这使胸部各组织间X射线吸收差减小,层次丰富,信息量增加,从而扩大了诊断范围,提高了尘肺病诊断的准确性.     

CT与高KV摄影检查矽肺临床价值分析

目的 探讨高分辨率CT与高千伏X线摄影在矽肺诊断中的价值.方法 选择矽肺患者70例,均接受高千伏X线摄影与高分辨率CT检查.比较高千伏X线摄影与高分辨率CT对矽肺各种影像学征象检出情况.结果 高分辨率CT对纤维索条影、肺气肿、钙化及团块状影的检出率均明显高于高千伏X线摄影,两者之间有统计学差异(P＜0.05).在对空洞及小阴影的检出中,两种检查方法间无统计学差异(P＞0.05);高分辨率CT对矽肺合并症检出数量多于高千伏X线摄影,其中对肺癌的检查数量显著高于高千伏X线摄影,其差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在对矽肺病变的检出和诊断方面,高分辨率CT与高千伏X线摄影相比具有更高的临床价值.     

数字化X线机与普通X线机胸部高千伏摄影比较

目的:对比胸部普通X线机与数字化X线机高千伏摄影的优缺点。材料和方法:用普通X线机及数字X线机对170例患者进行胸部高、低千伏摄影,然后对影像进行分析比较。结果:普通X线机高千伏摄影对外带肺纹理、胸部包块、胸腔积液及矽肺等显示较好。数字化高千伏摄影对胸部包块、胸腔积液及心后病变的显示更好。结论:胸部高千伏摄影优于低千伏。数字化X线机摄影具有普通X线摄影无可比拟的优越性。     

胸部DR双能量减影与DR胸片及胸部CT吸收剂量对照研究

目的:探讨胸部DR双能量减影(DES)与DR高千伏X线摄影、DR亚高千伏X线摄影、胸部常规CT扫描以及低剂量胸部CT扫描被检者X线吸收剂量之间的差异,从剂量学角度阐明胸部影像学检查程序.方法:72例患者采用DR双能量减影、DR高千伏X线摄影以及CT扫描.DR双能量减影采用140 kV、320 mA,60 kV、500 ...     

职业病(尘肺)体检胸部低千伏摄影要点及注意事项(附1840例分析)

以往职业病(尘肺)常采用胸部高千伏摄影来达到诊断要求.近年来,我院采用胸部低千伏、低毫安秒摄影,同样达到国家尘肺(矽肺)诊断要求.现报告如下.     

直接数字化摄影在尘肺病检查及诊断中的应用研究

目的：探讨直接数字化摄影（DR）技术在尘肺病检查和诊断方面的应用价值。方法选择来我院欲提交诊断的20世纪60～80年代参加国防施工的复退军人及部分经职业健康查体筛选的企业工人共计811例,同时拍摄高千伏（HkV）胸片及DR胸片,部分加照CT扫描胸片,并对二组胸片进行质量及尘肺病诊断一致性等方面的比较。结果二组胸片的质量对比发现：DR胸片总体质量优于高千伏胸片,尤其DR胸片的一级片率明显高于 HkV胸片,DR胸片的三级片率明显低于HkV胸片,且差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）;DR胸片在图像清晰度及肺部微细结构显示方面较好,两组胸片的诊断结果基本一致,尘肺患者胸片在小阴影形态、总体密集度、分布范围方面无明显差别。结论 DR胸片质量好于HkV胸片,三级片率明显低于HkV胸片;DR摄影可用于尘肺病检查与分期诊断。     

直接数字X线摄影在职业病筛查体检胸部摄影中的应用分析

目的探讨直接数字X线摄影(DR)在职业病筛查体检胸部摄影中的应用价值。方法各随机抽取800例职业病筛查体检人员,采用DR胸部高千伏摄影者归为研究组,屏胶系统胸部高千伏摄影作为对照组,比较2组图像等级差别和产生非甲级片的因素。结果研究组甲级片率为87.8%,废片率为0,对照组甲级片率为69.1%,废片率为1.4%;研究组甲片率明显高于对照组,2组图像比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=28.6,P<0.05)。产生非甲级片的主要原因"肩胛骨、异物、位置"三者因素在研究组及对照组中大致相同;摄影条件及暗室影响因素在对照组中占43.9%,而研究组为0,通过比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 DR职业病筛查体检胸部高千伏摄影具有图像质量好、操作简单方便、工作效率高等优点,在单位时间内能检查更多的受检者,正逐步取代传统屏胶系统高千伏胸部摄影。     

谈高千伏胸片摄影及加厚处理

由于传统观念影响及Ｘ线摄影设备容量小等诸多因素 ,使得高千伏胸片摄影技术在下级医院推广较慢 ,仍将其作为一种特殊摄影技术 ,较少使用。近些年 ,随着设备不断更新 ,很多县、乡级医院已具备开展高千伏摄影的条件。本文旨在从放射物理角度 ,浅谈高千伏摄影原理 ,科学的分析优缺点 ,以便我们在Ｘ线诊断工作中 ,灵活运用此项技术 ,充分发挥其作用。原理[1]诊断用Ｘ线机产生的Ｘ线为连续光谱 ,在一定标称的管电压作用下 ,光电吸收和康普顿 吴有训吸收各占一定的百分比。低管电压下 ,以光电吸收为主 ,吸收规律为吸收系数 ( μｒ)与物质原子序…     

准高千伏扩展在普通X线、CR、DR摄影中的应用及意义

关于高千伏摄影的电压值范围尚无统一标准，有定义为100KV以上，有的说120KV以上．而常用范围是120KV-150KV；依我们的工作经验和体会及所掌握资料认为，将110KV以上划为高千伏摄影；而常规X线摄影的电压范围一般为40KV--90KV，因而我们将90KV--100KV定义为准高千伏摄影。     

作者书写数字须知

高千伏摄影是采用100～120千伏以上管电压进行摄影的技术，在临床上得到广泛应用，特别是在胸部摄片中有明显的优点。现将146例胸部高千伏摄影和常规摄影对比观察，并分析整理如下。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.