薯蓣皂苷元对肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重构的影响

目的：探讨薯蓣皂苷元（Dio）对野百合碱（MCT）诱导的肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重构的影响。方法：将30只雄性 SD 大鼠随机分为正常对照组、MCT 组和 Dio 组,每组10只。MCT 组和 Dio 组一次性腹腔注射野百合碱60 mg/kg,建立大鼠肺动脉高压模型。Dio 组每天给予 Dio 80mg/kg 灌胃,对照组和 MCT 组给予相同量溶剂灌胃。待药物干预满4周后,分别测量各组干预后平均肺动脉压力（mPAP）、右心室肥大指数（RVHI）、肺小动脉管壁厚度占管径的百分比（WT％）和管壁面积占血管总面积的百分比（WA％）;采用免疫组化检测肺组织核因子-κB（NF-κB）的表达。结果：MCT 组的 mPAP、RVHI、WT％、WA％及 NF-κB 的表达水平均显著高于对照组和 Dio 组;经薯蓣皂苷元干预后,mPAP、RVHI、WT％、WA％及 NF-κB 的表达水平均明显降低。结论：薯蓣皂苷元能够缓解 MCT诱导的肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重构,其机制可能与抑制 NF-κB 的表达有关。     

辛伐他汀早期与后期干预野百合碱诱导肺动脉高压大鼠的研究

目的观察不同时期应用辛伐他汀对野百合碱(MCT)诱导大鼠肺动脉高压(PAH)的改善作用,初步评价早期应用辛伐他汀对PAH的预防效果。方法将24只SD大鼠随机分成4组,每组6只。对照组:d_0腹腔注射生理盐水1次;PAH模型组:d_0腹腔注射MCT(50 mg/kg)1次;早期干预组:腹腔注射MCT(50 mg/kg)d–7~d~(–1)辛伐他汀(20 mg·kg~(–1)·d~(–1))灌胃,d_0腹腔注射MCT(50 mg/kg)1次,d1~14辛伐他汀灌胃;后期干预组:d0腹腔注射MCT(50 mg/kg),d15~35辛伐他汀(20 mg·kg~(–1)·d~(–1))灌胃。d_(36)通过右心导管测大鼠右心室收缩压(RVSP)和平均肺动脉压(m PAP),处死大鼠后分离心肺,测定右心室肥厚指数(RVHI)和肺小动脉中膜厚度百分比(WT%),进行肺小动脉周围炎症评分。结果与PAH组比较,早期干预组及后期干预组RVSP、m PAP、RVHI、WT%得到显著改善(P0.01),肺小动脉周围炎症评分降低(P0.05);与后期干预组比较,早期干预组m PAP、RVSP改善更明显(P0.05),WT%下降更显著(P0.01),而RVHI、肺小动脉周围炎症评分无显著差异(P0.05)。结论辛伐他汀早期及后期干预均可改善MCT诱导PAH大鼠RVSP、m PAP及WT%的恶化,早期干预较后期干预效果更显著。     

重组Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体抗体融合蛋白对野百合碱诱导的大鼠肺动脉高压的作用及机制研究

目的:观察早期应用重组Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体抗体融合蛋白(rhTNFR-Fc)对野百合碱(monocrotaline,MCT)诱导的大鼠肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)的作用,并探讨其机制?方法: 成年雄性SD大鼠24只, 随机分为正常对照组(C组)?rhTNFR-Fc组(R组)?MCT模型组(M组)?MCT+rhTNFR-Fc组(M+R组)?建立MCT诱导的PAH模型,测定各组平均肺动脉压 (mPAP)?右心肥厚指数,检测各组肺小动脉血管管壁厚度占血管外径的百分比(WT%),应用ELISA法测定各组肺组织匀浆白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)?肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)水平,Western blot法测定肺组织核因子-κB(NF-κB)蛋白水平?结果:①M组大鼠mPAP?右心肥厚指数及WT%值较C组显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),rhTNFR-Fc可抑制MCT诱导的大鼠mPAP的升高(P < 0.05)及肺小动脉管壁的增厚(P < 0.05);②M组大鼠肺组织匀浆中IL-6?TNF-α水平与C组比较明显增高,差异有显著性(P < 0.05),rhTNFR-Fc可抑制MCT诱导的PAH大鼠肺组织中IL-6?TNF-α的表达(P < 0.05);③M组大鼠肺组织中NF-κB表达与C组比较显著增加(P < 0.05),rhTNFR-Fc可抑制MCT诱导的PAH大鼠肺组织中NF-κB的表达增加(P < 0.05)?结论: rhTNFR-Fc可能通过抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活及IL-6?TNF-α等炎症因子的表达防治MCT诱导的大鼠PAH?     

氟西汀抑制大鼠肺动脉高压及对GATA-4蛋白的影响

目的 研究氟西汀(Flu)对野百合碱(MCT)诱导的大鼠肺动脉高压(PAH)的抑制及其与GATA-4蛋白表达的关系.方法 建立MCT诱导的慢性炎性PAH大鼠模型.用不同剂量的Flu给大鼠灌胃,检测PAH各项指标和肺组织GATA-4蛋白表达水平.结果 MCT诱导的大鼠肺动脉压、右心指数、肺动脉血管壁厚度以及肺组织GATA-4蛋白表达均明显增加,Flu剂量依赖性地降低了以上各项指标.结论 大鼠PAH的形成与GATA-4过度表达有关.选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂Flu可能通过抑制GATA-4蛋白的表达而抑制MCT诱导的大鼠PAH.     

二乙碳酰氨嗪对野百合碱所致大鼠肺动脉高压的保护作用

目的 研究二乙碳酰氨嗪(DEC)对野百合碱所致大鼠肺动脉高压的保护作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法30只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、DEC组,每组各10只。除正常组外,各组均通过腹腔注射60mg/kg野百合碱诱导肺动脉高压模型。DEC组腹腔注射35mg/(kg·d) DEC,正常组和模型组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠注射液,连续给药28天。测定右心室收缩压(RVSP)和肺动脉压(PAP),计算右心室肥厚指数(RVHI)。取肺组织行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、α-SMA免疫组化染色和TUNEL染色以观察其肺小动脉组织形态学改变,肺动脉肌化水平和肺血管平滑肌细胞的凋亡情况。蛋白免疫印迹法检测肺组织中FADD、caspase-8、Bax和Bcl-2等蛋白的表达变化。结果 模型组RVSP、PAP和RVSI显著高于正常组,而DEC的治疗可以显著降低RVSP、PAP和RVSI值(P＜0.05)。HE染色结果显示,DEC可减轻PAH模型大鼠肺动脉内膜增生,显著降低MT%,同时减少肺组织炎性细胞浸润(P＜0.05)。α-SMA免疫组化染色结果显示,DEC有效降低MCT诱导的肺动脉肌化程度,显著提高无肌化肺动脉所占比例(P＜0.05)。MCT诱导能显著降低肺动脉壁的TUNEL阳性率,而DEC治疗可以显著提高其凋亡水平(P＜0.05)。蛋白免疫印迹结果显示,DEC能显著提高因MCT诱导而降低的FADD、caspase-8和Bax等凋亡蛋白的表达水平,同时下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达(P＜0.05)。结论 DEC通过调节凋亡相关通路蛋白明显改善PAH大鼠的肺动脉重塑,可成为PAH临床治疗的理想候选药物。     

大鼠肺动脉高压动物模型的建立及磷酸二酯酶1C的表达

目的以左肺切除(PE)+野百合碱(MCT)建立大鼠肺动脉高压(PAH)新生内膜模型,探讨磷酸二酯酶1C(PDE1C)在该模型肺组织中的表达水平及作用.方法采用单纯PE、MCT、PE+MCT(P+M)3种方法建立大鼠PAH模型;检测模型大鼠平均肺动脉压力(mPAP)、中膜厚度百分比、右心肥厚指数(RV/LV+S)比值,观察新生内膜形成和非肌性小动脉肌化程度,比较3种PAH动物模型肺血管重构模式的差异;采用免疫组化检测PDE1C在3种动物模型肺组织中的表达水平.结果P+M组右肺腺泡内血管出现新生内膜病变,且动物出现严重右心室肥大,肺动脉中膜增厚,平均mPAP和无肌性血管肌化程度较其他模型显著增加.大鼠PAH新生内膜模型PDE1C蛋白表达显著增加(P<0.05).结论P+M模型能更好地模拟人类严重PAH的病理改变,是研究梗阻性PAH的最佳动物模型. PDE1C在PAH动物模型肺动脉平滑肌细胞中显著上调,可能成为肺动脉高压治疗的新靶点.     

白花丹参对肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织VEGF表达的影响

目的观察白花丹参对野百合碱（monocrotaline,MCT）诱导的大鼠肺动脉高压（PAH）模型血流动力学及肺组织血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达的影响。方法SD（sprsgue-dauleySD）大鼠一次性皮下注射MCT60mg／kg体重,建立PAH动物模型,随机分为正常对照组、模型组和白花丹参水提物给药组。观察白花丹参水提物对PAH大鼠血流动力学、肺血管重构及肺组织VEGF表达的影响。结果与模型组相比,给药组大鼠平均肺动脉压（mPAP）、右心室收缩压（RVSP）、右心指数及肺组织VEGF表达均显著降低（P〈0．05）,肺血管重构及右心功能也有所改善。结论白花丹参水提物能有效控制MCT诱导的大鼠PAH发展进程,其机制可能与降低肺组织VEGF蛋白表达有关。     

甘草素对肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重塑及右心重构的影响

目的　探讨甘草素对肺动脉高压（PAH）大鼠肺血管重塑及右心重构的影响。方法　采用腹腔注射野百合 碱（MCT）诱导法建立PAH大鼠模型。MCT建模 2 周后分别给予 60 和 20 mg/kg甘草素干预 2 周,观察大鼠右心室收 缩压（RVSP）、右心室肥厚指数（RVHI）、大鼠肺动脉组织和右心室心肌组织HE染色结果,以及检测大鼠血浆环磷酸鸟苷 （cGMP）和肺动脉组织蛋白激酶G（PKG）水平。结果 60 和 20 mg/kg甘草素均能降低MCT诱导的PAH大鼠RVSP及 RVHI,增加cGMP和PKG蛋白表达（P<0.01 或 0.05）。结论　甘草素对PAH大鼠肺血管重塑及右心重构有一定的效果。     

野百合碱诱导的肺动脉高压大鼠血清中瘦素和肺组织中瘦素受体的表达及意义

目的 探讨瘦素及其受体(OB-R)在野百合碱(MCT)诱导的肺动脉高压(PAH)发生、发展中的意义.方法 15只SD大鼠被分为对照组(n=5)和两个实验组(n=10).实验组经腹腔注射MCT建立大鼠PAH模型,对照组注射相同剂量的溶媒.两个实验组大鼠在注射MCT后分别于第2、4周抽取静脉血测量平均肺动脉压及右心肥厚指数,随后取出肺组织,观察肺血管的病理学变化,ELISA检测血清瘦素的表达,Western blot检测肺组织中OB-R的表达情况.结果 与对照组相比,实验组大鼠的平均肺动脉压和右心肥厚指数明显升高(P＜0.05);血清中瘦素及肺组织中OB-R的表达水平明显增加(P＜0.05),且与平均肺动脉压呈正相关(r=0.912,P＜0.05;r=0.861,P＜0.05).结论 瘦素及OB-R可能在MCT诱导PAH的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

半边莲生物碱对肺动脉高压大鼠ET-1信号通路的影响

目的 观察半边莲生物碱对肺动脉高压(PAH)大鼠肺小动脉重构的影响并探讨其机制.方法 24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组和半边莲生物碱组,每组8只.腹腔注射野百合碱(MCT)复制PAH模型.半边莲生物碱干预4周后, HE染色观察肺小动脉病理学变化,ELISA法检测大鼠血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)水平,免疫组化法检测肺组织内皮素受体A(ET_A)的表达.结果 半边莲生物碱可显著改善肺小动脉重构,降低血浆ET-1水平及肺组织ET_A的表达.结论 半边莲生物碱可抑制MCT所致的PAH大鼠肺小动脉重构,这可能与其显著降低大鼠血浆ET-1水平及肺组织ET_A的表达有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.