磁敏感加权成像在新生儿脑斑点状白质病变的初步应用

目的 探讨磁敏感加权成像(SWI)在新生儿脑的斑点状白质病变(PWML)的应用价值和限度.方法 对2008年8月至2010年4月34例行磁共振成像(MRI)检查显示PWML(新生儿大脑白质区T1WI高信号,T2WI等或低信号的斑点状病变)的新生儿(男21例、女13例,日龄2～17 d,平均9.24 d),进行常规MRI(包括T1WI、T2WI、Flair)、DWI和SWI检查.根据T2WI上信号特征将PWML病变分为两组:第1组T1WI高信号T2WI呈等信号;第2组T1WI高信号,T2WI呈低信号.分别观察两组PWML在SWI上的表现.结果 两组共34例PWML,其中仅5例(14.7%)在SWI可见斑点状低信号出血.第1组共7例,仅1例SWI示相应PWML区域显示出血;第2组共27例,其中23例SWI上相应PWML区域未显示出血,仅4例SWI示相应PWML区域显示出血.结论 SWI能帮助鉴别新生儿颅脑T1高信号而T2等或低信号的PWML内是否存在出血,新生儿大部分PWML在SWI上显示无出血.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the severity of punctate white matter lesions (PWML) in neonatal brain injury with susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and explore the value and limitation of SWI versus the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods A total of 34 neonates presenting with PWML at initial MRI were recruited for this prospective study. PWML were defined as punctuate lesions with T1 hyperintensity and T2 isointensity or hypointensity in white matter.There were 21 males and 13 females with a median age of 9.24 days (range:2-17 days).All MRI examinations were performed at 1.5 Tesla unit including conventional MRI (T1, T2 & Flair sequences), DWI and SWI.PWML were classified into two groups:(1) T1 hyperintensity & T2 isointensity;(2) T1 hyperintensity & T2 hypointensity.The manifestations of PWML on SWI were analyzed.Results Among all cases, only 5 cases (14.7%) demonstrated an evidence of hemorrhage on SWI.There were 7 cases in Group 1. Only 1 case showed punctate hypointensity in the areas of PWML on SWI while there was no hemorrhage on SWI in other 6 cases.Twenty-seven cases were in Group 2.Only 4 cases showed an evidence of hemorrhage on SWI while hemorrhage was absent on SWI in other 23 cases.Conclusion Most areas of PWML in neonatal brain show no hemorrhage on SWI.And SWI can help to identify whether or not hemorrhage is present in PWML of neonates.     

磁共振弥散加权成像在早产儿脑白质损伤早期的预测价值

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)对早产儿脑白质损伤的早期评价和诊断价值。方法收集2007年2月至2012年8月因缺氧而收入我院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)疑似早产儿脑白质损伤的早产儿57例,对其进行头颅B超检查,并同步进行DWI检查。结果 (1)早产儿脑白质损伤早期DWI脑室周围白质水肿区高信号。磁共振成像(MRI)呈T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号。(2)DWI诊断早产儿脑白质损伤的特异度为95%。结论 (1)DWI显示的双侧脑室周围白质对称性弥漫性高信号是脑白质损伤的最早期表现。(2)DWI能发现早期脑白质损伤病变,早产儿脑白质损伤早期临床表现缺乏特异性,建议常规行头颅MRI检查。     

磁共振弥散加权成像在早产儿脑白质损伤早期的预测价值

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)对早产儿脑白质损伤的早期评价和诊断价值.方法 收集2007年2月至2012年8月因缺氧而收入我院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)疑似早产儿脑白质损伤的早产儿57例,对其进行头颅B超检查,并同步进行DWI检查.结果 (1)早产儿脑白质损伤早期DWI脑室周围白质水肿区高信号.磁共振成像(MRI)呈T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号.(2)DWI诊断早产儿脑白质损伤的特异度为95％.结论 (1)DWI显示的双侧脑室周围白质对称性弥漫性高信号是脑白质损伤的最早期表现.(2)DWI能发现早期脑白质损伤病变,早产儿脑白质损伤早期临床表现缺乏特异性,建议常规行头颅MRI检查.     

MRI磁敏感加权成像在诊断弥漫性轴突损伤微出血的应用研究

目的：探讨MRI磁敏感加权成像（SWI）在诊断弥漫性轴突损伤微出血的临床价值。方法40例临床确诊弥漫性轴突损伤微出血患者均行MRI平扫和磁敏感加权成像序列、常规MRI T2WI、T2FLAIR、磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）及CT扫描。结果 MRI平扫T2WI见13例表现点状高信号影,病灶检出率为32.5%;T2FLAIR上发现病变16例,病灶检出率为40%;DWI上发现异常高信号影28例,病灶检出率为70%;CT见10例表现为点状高密度出血灶,病灶检出率为25%。40例患者均发现异常小出血灶影,病灶检出率为100%,且发现病变的数目及范围明显增多、增大。结论 MRI磁敏感加权成像序列诊断弥漫性轴突损伤微出血较CT和常规MRI检查序列有明显优势。     

SWI联合DWI对弥漫性轴索损伤诊断和预后评价的价值

目的:研究磁共振磁敏感加权成像(SWI)和扩散加权成像(DWI)对脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)的诊断价值及其检出病灶情况与临床病情严重程度、预后评价间的关系。方法:对64例临床疑诊DAI的患者常规行头CT和核磁T1WI、T2WI、DWI和SWI序列扫描,分析其各自信号特征及分布特点,比较各序列上脑内轴索损伤病灶的检出率和检出体积差异,并与GCS评分、GOS评分进行相关性分析。结果:SWI较其他序列上能更多清楚地显示脑内微小出血灶(P<0.01),而DWI较其他序列能更好更多检出水肿灶(P<0.01)。SWI、DWI检出病灶体积均明显高于T1WI和T2WI,前两者比较经Mann-Whitney U检验差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。SWI检出的微出血病灶数、总病灶数和体积,DWI检出小水肿病灶数、微出血病灶数、总病灶数和体积,以及各主要病灶分布部位病灶数均与入院时GCS评分、检查前1 h GCS评分及出院后3个月随访GOS评分之间呈负相关(P<0.05),SWI检出小水肿病灶数量与出院后3个月随访GOS评分也具负相关(P<0.05)。结论:联合SWI和DWI序列能非常敏感地检出外伤后DAI患者的脑内微出血灶和小水肿灶,为DAI的早期临床诊断及预后评价提供更多客观依据。     

磁共振弥散成像临床应用探讨

目的:探讨磁共振弥散成像(DWI)鉴别急性脑梗死与脑白质变性灶。方法:回顾我院2005年7月至2006年7月282例脑白质变性灶合并急性脑梗死病例,常规T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR及DWI扫描。结果:脑白质变性灶及急性脑梗死病灶常规T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR序列信号差异无显著性,而DWI图像差异有显著性,脑白质变性灶DWI为等信号,急性脑梗死DWI为高信号。结论:DWI中能明确鉴别急性脑梗死与脑白质变性灶。     

磁敏感加权成像在出血性脑梗死诊断中的应用

目的探讨磁敏感加权成像(SWI)在出血性脑梗死中的诊断价值。方法选择2010年12月到2014年12月在我院确诊的96例出血性脑梗死患者,分别行常规MRI、扩散加权成像(DWI)和SWI检查,根据图像分析结果比较不同扫描序列对出血性脑梗死阳性检出率、出血灶阳性检出率的差异;测量出血灶面积,采用评分法评价不同扫描序列对出血面积的差异。结果 SWI序列对出血性脑梗死的阳性检出率明显高于T1WI、T2WI、DWI序列,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。SWI序列对出血灶的阳性检出率明显高于T1WI、T2WI、DWI序列,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。SWI序列对出血性脑梗死出血评分的总分值明显高于T1WI结合T2WI、DWI序列,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 SWI序列相比于常规MRI序列和DWI序列用于检测出血性脑梗死,阳性检出率高,可早期检测出脑梗死中的出血灶,具有一定的鉴别诊断价值。     

DWI及SWI联合应用对急性弥漫性轴索损伤的诊断价值

回顾性分析21例临床确诊弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)的患者MR T1WI、T2WI、液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)、磁弥散加权成像(DWI)和磁敏感加权成像(SWI)序列图像资料,分析其各自信号特征及分布特点,比较各序列上脑内轴索损伤病灶检出率的差异。结果发现,DAI病灶主要分布的部位是脑灰白质交界区、基底节区、丘脑、深部脑白质区、胼胝体、脑干、小脑等近脑中线区域。非出性DAI病灶(DWI)的检出率最高,与其他序列比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出血性DAI病灶SWI序列检出率最高,与其他序列比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。因此认为联合应用DWI和SWI序列能非常敏感地检出外伤后DAI患者的脑内微出血灶和小水肿灶,为DAI早期临床诊断及预后评价提供更多客观依据。     

弥漫性轴索损伤的影像学及SWI诊断价值比较

目的:研究弥漫性轴索损伤的影像学诊断及磁共振磁敏感加权成像(SWI)对脑弥漫性轴索损伤的诊断价值.方法:收集临床诊断弥漫性轴索损伤患者18例,均在伤后10天内行16排CT及1.5TMR常规序列(T1WI T2WI FLAIR )及SWI序列扫描.结果:18例患者CT发现6个病灶;MR常规序列共发现149个病灶,其中T1WI发现26个,T2WI发现55个,FLAIR发现68个;SWI发现366个,DAI出血灶SWI上形态多样,SWI发现病灶数量明显多于常规MRI.结论:SWI对脑内微出血灶检出明显优于常规MRI及CT.     

磁敏感加权成像在新生儿颅内出血的诊断价值及早产儿与足月儿间的对比研究

目的 探讨磁敏感加权成像(SWI)在新生儿颅内出血的诊断价值,并比较早产儿与足月儿间的差别。 方法 对115例怀疑脑损伤的新生儿行常规MRI、DWI和SWI检查,明确有无颅内出血并记录各序列出血灶个数,比较3种方法在颅内出血检出率、分布区域及病灶检出个数的差异,并比较早产儿与足月儿间颅内出血分布区域及病灶检出个数的差异。 结果 115例新生儿中,SWI的颅内出血检出率高于常规MRI及DWI(检出率分别为32.2%、26.1%、12.2%,P<0.05),常规MRI亦较DWI高(P<0.05)。37例颅内出血新生儿,常规MRI、DWI及SWI检出颅内出血灶分别为66、33、125个,SWI较常规MRI及DWI、常规MRI较DWI显示更多出血灶(均P<0.05)。出血灶主要位于生发基质-脑室、大小脑半球(分别为33、34、25个),SWI较常规MRI及DWI显示更多这些部位的出血灶(均P<0.05);常规MRI及SWI较DWI更敏感地显示蛛网膜下腔出血及硬膜下出血(P<0.05),但常规MRI与SWI相仿。早产儿出血灶总数及生发基质-脑室出血灶数目均多于足月儿(P<0.05),而其他部位出血灶数目差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 SWI对新生儿颅内出血检出优于常规MRI及DWI,但各序列显示不同部位颅内出血差异存在统计学意义,对怀疑有颅内出血的新生儿,应行上述序列检查以综合判断有无颅内出血及出血数目。上述结果可为新生儿颅内出血的临床诊断、治疗及预后评估提供重要依据。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.