乳腺导管内乳头状瘤术前评估与术式选择

正乳腺导管内乳头状瘤(breast intraductal papilloma)约占乳腺良性疾病的10%,表现为乳管内的乳头状新生物[1]。该病多数是单发病灶,少数为多发病灶,因溢液、肿块而就诊。外科手术是治疗该疾病的惟一手段。1病因及分型乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的病因不明。该病可以分为孤立的导管内乳头状瘤(solitary papilloma)和多发导管内乳头状瘤(multiple papillomas)。孤立的导管内乳头状瘤是起源于     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的高频彩色多普勒超声诊断与病理对照分析

目的:探讨乳腺导管内乳头状瘤二维及彩色多普勒超声检查的临床意义。方法:对乳头溢液患者进行二维及彩色多普勒超声检查,分析导管内乳头状瘤超声诊断的特点。结果:87例病理证实的导管内乳头状瘤患者的112个病灶中,彩色多普勒超声检查共发现86个(76.8%)病灶,其中53个(62%)位于乳头旁及乳晕区的大导管内,33个(38%)位于中小导管;单发病灶61例,多发病灶12例,其中11例为2个病灶,1例为3个病灶,14例未发现病灶。彩色多普勒超声检出血流信号9个,频谱多普勒测及动脉频谱2个,测及静脉频谱7个。结论:二维及彩色多普勒超声检查可以对乳腺导管内乳头状瘤作出较明确的诊断和定位,是乳头溢液患者病因诊断的有效手段。     

结节肿块型乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的MRI表现及与乳腺小浸润性导管癌的鉴别诊断

目的 分析结节肿块型乳腺导管内乳头状瘤（intraductal papilloma,IDP）磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）的影像学表现,加深对IDP的MRI特征的认识,并探讨其与直径小于2 cm的乳腺浸润性导管癌（invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC）的鉴别诊断特征。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年6月期间在四川省妇幼保健院经手术后病理学检查证实的28例乳腺结节肿块型IDP和34例直径小于2 cm的IDC的MRI表现,包括病灶大小、形态、边缘、是否有毛刺征、病灶周围有无扩张导管、病灶的最大径是否沿乳腺导管方向走行、病灶是否距乳头4 cm以内、平扫T2WI信号、表观扩散系数（apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC）值、动态增强时间-信号强度曲线（time-signal intensity curve,TIC）类型、早期强化率以及增强扫描病灶内部强化方式演变特征。结果 2组比较,肿瘤直径（P<0.001）、形态（P<0.001）、边缘（P<0.001）、病灶周围有无扩...     

260例乳腺结节临床分析

目的探讨乳腺结节的诊疗。方法260例女性乳腺结节进行钼靶X线和彩超诊断,并进行手术治疗,检测乳腺结节的病理类型。结果260例患者中144例确诊为乳腺增生症伴腺瘤样结节形成(占55.4%),58例为乳腺纤维腺瘤(占22.3%),28例为乳腺浸润性导管癌(占10.8%),25例为导管内乳头状瘤(占9.6%),5例为硬癌(占1.9%)。结论乳腺结节多为乳腺良性病变;手术是治疗本病的首选方法。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌的MRI诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对乳腺浸润性导管癌的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析了2012年1月至2012年6月期间在四川大学华西医院放射科行MRI检查,且术后经病理学检查证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌的75例患者的术前MRI检查资料。结果形态学分型:团块型54例,结节型21例,囊实混合型0例。肿块形状:圆形3例,卵圆形9例,不规则形63例。边缘:不规则66例,规则9例;呈微小分叶状56例。肿块内有钙化者1例。有淋巴结转移者18例。MRI的T1WI呈低信号(65例)或等信号(10例),T2WI呈低信号(3例)或以稍高信号为主的混杂信号(72例),增强后大部分呈均匀强化(64例),部分呈不均匀强化(11例)。结论通过分析乳腺浸润性导管癌的MRI成像特征,可为临床诊断乳腺浸润性导管癌提供有力的影像学证据。     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的手术治疗分析：附83例报告

目的：探讨乳腺导管内乳头状瘤乳晕旁弧形切口和劈开半乳头放射状切口2种手术方法的优缺点。 方法：回顾性分析应用乳腺纤维导管镜下行美兰定位后,经手术和病理证实的乳腺导管内乳头状瘤83例的临床资料。其中48例采用乳晕旁弧形切口,35例采用劈开半乳头放射状切口。 结果：乳腺纤维导管镜确定病变象限应用美兰染色后行乳腺区段切除,根据实际情况选用乳晕旁弧形切口和劈开半乳头放射状切口2种切口均能安全、准确切除病灶,效果良好,经6个月至2年的随访,无复发病例,切口美观。 结论：乳腺纤维导管镜结合美兰染色定位手术切除病灶是治疗乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的有效方法。2种切口均适宜,各有优缺点。     

钼靶导引钢丝定位行乳腺内可疑病灶切除260例分析

探讨钼靶引导钢丝定位切除乳腺内可疑病灶的方法。对260例临床触诊及B超检查均未发现、而钼靶发现的乳腺内可疑病灶,应用钼靶引导钢丝定位行病灶切除及病理检查。260例患者中右侧病灶139例,左侧病灶121例,均定位准确并予以切除。病理诊断:乳腺癌28例(10.76%),其中原位癌17例,浸润性导管癌6例,浸润性小叶癌2例,黏液腺癌3例;良性病变232例(89.24%),其中非典型性增生73例,囊性增生52例,硬化性腺病54例,增生伴导管内乳头状瘤15例,乳腺增生伴瘤样变27例,囊肿7例,慢性炎症4例。钼靶引导钢丝定位并切除乳腺内可疑病灶具有定位准确、创伤小、检出率高的优点。     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤65例临床分析

目的 探讨乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的发病情况及诊治措施.方法 对2000年11月至2011年9月经手术后病理证实的乳腺导管内乳头状瘤及乳头状瘤病的病例进行回顾性分析.结果 本组65例患者,其中49例患者首发症状为乳头溢液,占75.4%,16例以乳头乳晕区肿块来诊,占24.6%.术后石蜡病理诊断为乳管内乳头状瘤者56例,乳管内乳头状瘤病者5例,乳头状瘤病伴癌者4例,乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的恶变率是7.1%.49例乳头溢液患者行乳管镜检查,检出率为85.7%.结论 乳导管内乳头状瘤最常见症状为乳头溢液.术前行乳管镜检查有较高的确诊率.乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病有一定的恶变率.     

男性乳腺导管内乳头状瘤1例

患者　男 ,5 9岁。发现右乳晕下豆粒大结节 1年余 ,逐渐增大入院。半年前右乳头曾有间断溢血性液体史 ,无痛。体查 :右乳头下方可触及 2 5ｃｍ× 2ｃｍ肿块 ,边界清楚 ,质中等 ,轻压痛 ,活动 ,与皮肤及深部组织无粘连。右腋窝淋巴结未及。诊断 :右乳包块待查。行肿块局部切除。术后病理报告 :(右乳 )男性乳腺导管内乳头状瘤 (腺样型 )。随访 1年余 ,无复发。讨论　发生于男性乳腺的导管内乳头状瘤少见。临床表现与女性相似 ,也可有乳头溢液、乳晕下触及包块等。确诊有赖于病理组织学检查。本瘤切除后预后良好 ,很少复发男性乳腺导管内乳头…     

空芯针穿刺活检在乳腺导管内乳头状肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的探讨超声引导下空芯针穿刺活检(core needle biopsy,CNB)在乳腺导管内乳头状肿瘤中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我科2016年9月~2018年12月CNB诊断为导管内乳头状肿瘤46例48个病灶的资料,与手术切除病理进行对比。结果 CNB诊断良性导管内乳头状瘤34个(70. 8%),非典型导管内乳头状瘤10个(20. 8%),导管内乳头状癌4个(8. 3%)。除5个良性、1个非典型导管内乳头状瘤拒绝手术外,其余42个病灶行手术切除。CNB病理为良性导管内乳头状瘤,术后恶性病变所占比例为3. 4%(1/29,浸润性导管癌1例);穿刺病理为非典型导管内乳头状瘤,术后恶性病变所占比例为44. 4%(4/9,均为浸润性乳腺癌)。CNB诊断导管内乳头状癌4例术后病理为浸润性癌3例,原位癌1例。拒绝手术的6例(6个病灶)随访时间8~20个月,中位时间17个月,病灶较前无明显变化。结论对于乳腺导管内乳头状肿瘤,CNB存在一定的低估可能,尤其当穿刺病理为非典型导管内乳头状瘤时,应积极手术切除活检,以避免遗漏恶性病变。     

乳管镜直视下病灶活检在伴乳头溢液乳管疾病诊断中的应用

目的 研究乳管镜直视下乳管内病灶活检的可行性和意义.方法 2006年5月至2007年4月,共51例有乳管内病灶的患者在复旦大学肿瘤医院接受了53次乳管镜直视下乳管内病灶活检术和随后的开放手术.结果 活检发现29例管内乳头状瘤、15例导管上皮增生、2例上皮重度不典型增生和2例恶性肿瘤.另有5例活检失败.开放手术后病理为12例单发管内乳头状瘤、12例多发性管内乳头状瘤、25例乳腺上皮增生、3例导管内癌、1例浸润性导管癌.结论 乳管镜直视下乳管内病灶活检不仅是微创、安全、方便可行、成功率高的诊断方法,还可部分替代现有开放手术.活检如发现上皮不典型增生或恶性肿瘤,则需进一步手术.     

溢液乳腺疾病乳腺导管造影表现与病理(附105例分析)

目的分析溢液乳腺疾病的乳腺导管造影表现,并分析其病理基础,以提高诊断水平。方法对临床表现为乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的溢液乳腺疾病105例,包括乳腺癌12例、导管内乳头状瘤38例、乳腺导管扩张症43例及12例乳腺囊性增生病,回顾性分析其乳腺导管造影的影像表现及病理特征。结果本组乳腺导管造影正确诊断乳腺癌11例,导管内乳头状瘤35例,乳腺导管扩张症41例,乳腺囊性增生病12例。乳腺癌主要造影表现：导管内充盈缺损,管壁浸润;＂潭湖征＂;导管结构紊乱;管壁不规则伴微钙化灶;乳头状瘤病伴导管壁毛糙破坏,提示恶变。单发导管内乳头状瘤造影表现为大导管内边缘光滑的充盈缺损,导管边缘光整;多发者表现为小分支导管内多发边缘光滑之充盈缺损。乳腺导管扩张症造影表现：大、中、小导管同时不同程度地扩张,或伴有管壁毛糙,分支导管萎缩变形等炎症表现。乳腺囊性增生病中囊肿表现为小导管高度扩张形成囊袋状改变,盲管腺病表现为小导管或末梢导管呈多发小囊袋状改变。结论乳腺导管造影对溢液性乳腺疾病是一项安全而有效的检查方法,对乳腺导管内占位性病变的定性、定位诊断具有高度价值,对导管扩张症、乳腺囊性增生病等疾病亦能作出较准确的诊断。     

Are solitary breast papillomas entirely benign?

HYPOTHESIS: Solitary breast papillomas are potentially malignant and are associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. DESIGN: Retrospective review of all pathological reports containing breast papilloma (1983-2000) and review of selected specimens. SETTING: Tertiary, referral, university-affiliated medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-five women with a breast specimen containing a papilloma or papillomatosis. Patients with overt papillary carcinoma without papilloma were excluded. INTERVENTION: All histopathological characteristics of the papilloma and the surrounding tissue were noted. The incidence of malignant and other proliferative histopathological findings were analyzed, comparing solitary ductal papilloma cases to multiple papilloma cases. The Fisher exact test and chi2 test were applied for statistical analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical removal of solitary ductal papillomas should include margins wide enough to secure removal of any proliferative tissue within or around the papilloma and to enable thorough evaluation of the risk for future breast cancer. RESULTS: Solitary papillomas were associated with breast carcinoma in 7 patients (10%) in this series. An additional 9% (n = 6) presented with invasive or noninvasive carcinoma within the papilloma. Atypical papilloma was noted in 6% of patients (n = 4). The risk of associated malignancy was not significantly different between solitary ductal papilloma and multiple papilloma. CONCLUSION: Increased risk of breast cancer is associated with all forms of papilloma.     

Fiberoptic Ductoscopy-Guided Intraductal Biopsy Improve the Diagnosis of Nipple Discharge

Abstract:  Fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS)-guided intraductal biopsy is a minimally invasive technique developed to obtain pathologic diagnoses for patients with spontaneous nipple discharge. We performed biopsies of 53 intraductal lesions from March 2006 to April 2007 followed by surgical microdochectomy. FDS-guided intraductal biopsy was shown to be a minimally invasive, safe, and convenient technique with a high ability (90.6%) to get adequate samples. Twenty-seven solitary papillomas, 12 multiple intraductal papilloma, five ductal hyperplasia, three ductal carcinoma in situ, and one invasive ductal carcinoma were diagnosed. Compared with conventional microdochectomy, FDS-guided intraductal biopsy can significantly increase the detection rate of solitary papilloma (40.7% versus 92.6%, p < 0.05). It should be a routine procedure after intraductal lesion found by screening FDS. Since it would underestimate all multiple intraductal papilloma and some (50%) cancer, microdochectomy is inevitable if biopsies show atypical ductal hyperplasia.     

Immunohistochemical analysis of benign and malignant papillary lesions of the breast

The histocytological diagnostic criteria and recently developed immunohistochemical procedures selective for either the epithelial or the myoepithelial mammary cells have been tested in a series of 60 cases of papillary lesions of the breast. These included 15 benign solitary intraductal papillomas, 41 papillary carcinomas (29 pure and 12 associated with other types of in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma), and four cases of "suspected" papillary carcinomas. Markers for epithelial cells (EMA) and for apocrine metaplasia (GCDFP-15) did not permit a distinction between benign and malignant papillary lesions; however, immunocytochemical staining for CEA using monoclonal antibodies, and for actin (a marker of the myoepithelial cells) was discriminative in this respect. Benign papillomas have a basal layer of actin-rich myoepithelial cells; the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells is CEA negative. Papillary carcinomas lack the myoepithelial layer, except in areas where multiple papillomas are present, associated with ductal or papillary cancer. CEA was detected in 85% of carcinomas. Two of the cases of "suspected carcinoma" lacked myoepithelial cells and were interpreted as carcinomas. It is concluded that the immunocytochemical methods for cell markers can offer valuable data in the study and diagnosis of papillary lesions of the breast; it is difficult, however, to be categorical in borderline cases since in our experience, the behavior of the malignant papillary lesions of the breast is usually favorable. Residual foci of multiple intraductal papillomas were found in seven cases of papillary carcinoma, supporting the pre-neoplastic potential of this condition.     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤663例临床及诊断特点

【摘要】 目的 总结乳腺导管内乳头状瘤(IP)的临床及诊断特点。方法 回顾分析我院2008年1月至2010年12月期间收治的663例导管内乳头状瘤的临床资料。结果 本组患者主要分布于30~50岁年龄段女性,以30~40岁最多,大多表现为乳头溢液,亦有10%左右表现为不可扪及肿块经B超检查微创活检发现。本组患者中乳腺超声有阳性发现者40.2%,乳腺X线检查有阳性发现者仅10%;纤维乳管镜检查的诊断符合率为95.7%,液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)对IP的敏感性为74%,特异性为96.3%。本组患者平均随访13.3个月,有25例(4.5%)患者出现同侧复发,复发者均为多发乳头状瘤。结论 乳腺导管内乳头状瘤多以乳头溢液为主要表现,超声检查有一定诊断价值;X线检查对IP的诊断缺乏特异性,可用于鉴别诊断;纤维乳管镜是诊断IP的首选方法,可辅以TCT检查以提高诊断率。多发乳头状瘤术后有一定复发率,应定期随访,如有复发应再次手术。     

Characteristics of nipple discharge lesions of the breast and contrast mammography

Nipple discharge is frequently an embarassing sympton of breast disease. Twenty eight of 40 intraductal papillomas had bloody discharge (70 per cent). Among 240 carcinomas only 11, or 4.6 per cent had nipple discharge. The palpability of the intraductal papilloma with nipple discharge was 14 out of 37 (37.8 per cent), in contrast to 21 of 22 (95.4 per cent) mammary carcinomas. Diagnostic accuracy of contrast mammography was 91.9 per cent in unpalpable intraductal papilloma cases. Speculative blind mastectomy against nipple discharge lesion with unpalpable breast mass should be avoided.     

Intraductal papillomas of the breast: diagnosis and management of 151 patients

Introduction

The assessment of papillary lesions continues to be a challenging area in breast radiology and pathology. The management of intraductal papillomas without atypia of the breast remains controversial. The purpose of the present study was to determine diagnostic accuracy of radiographical diagnosis, core biopsy, and surgical excision in papillary breast lesions.

Material and methods

By using files from 1995 to 2010, 151 cases of intraductal papilloma with or without atypia were identified. Patients were stratified as follows: core biopsy followed by surgical excision (n = 61), core biopsy alone (n = 19), and surgical excision alone (n = 71).

Results

The upstage rate of intraductal papillomas without atypia on core biopsy to atypia or malignancy on excision was 8.9%. Excision specimens revealed intraductal papillomas without atypia in 68 out of 71 cases, and atypical papillomas in 3 cases.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that radiographic and histopathological diagnosis of intraductal papillomas show high accuracy and good concordance. In cases where the radiographic diagnosis reveals suspicious lesions core biopsy represents the first choice.     

Brucellar breast abscess

Brucellosis is an endemic disease seen in many countries. It may affect different organ systems. Brucellar breast abscess is a rare entity. We report the radiological findings of breast abscess due to brucella. A 63-year-old female was investigated with mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). A mass measuring 25 x 20 x 15 mm was detected in the left breast on mammography and ultrasonography. The mass was homogenously hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted MRI images. On contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, peripheral capsular enhancement was found. MR spectroscopic analysis of the mass revealed elevated lipid and acetate peaks. The diagnosis was provided by fine needle aspiration biopsy and specimen culture. The lesion had diminished in size after 12 months' treatment with combined tetracycline and rifampicine.