HBV感染慢性肝病患者血清GP73浓度对肝纤维化程度的诊断意义

目的 探讨血清GP73浓度与慢性HBV肝病患者肝纤维化程度之间的关系,以评估GP73在慢性HBV患者中的临床诊断价值.方法 选取慢性HBV感染者761名,分别进行FibroScan检测和血清GP73测试.结果 血清GP73浓度与肝硬度相关（r=0.601）,ROC曲线下面积为0.76.GP73用于诊断显著肝纤维化（≥F2）的敏感性和特异性分别为62.81％和80.05％（cut off值：76.6ng/ml）.结论 GP73可能是一种诊断慢性HBV感染者显著肝纤维化的新标志物.     

慢性HBV感染者血清HBV pgRNA、HBV-LP表达与肝脏纤维化程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）感染者血清HBV前基因组RNA（HBV pregenomic RNA,HBV pgRNA）、HBV外膜大蛋白（HBV large surface protein,HBV-LP）水平与肝脏纤维化程度的关系。方法:选取本院收治的182例行肝组织活检的慢...     

北京某地区2005年至2012年献血人群中肝炎病毒感染情况分析

目的 了解北京市某地区无偿献血者中肝炎病毒（HBV、HCV）的感染情况.方法 收集2005年至2012年在我院无偿献血人群的血液标本165566份,用ELISA方法检测HBsAg和抗-HCV在血清中的阳性情况,并进行统计学分析.结果 在165566份样本中,有1936人次为肝炎病毒感染者,总感染率为1.17％,其中HBV感染率为0.71％,HCV感染率为0.46％,混合感染率为0.006％.感染者中,男女比例为7.9∶1,年龄中以36～45岁为最高（1.42％）.结论 该地区的献血人群中肝炎病毒感染率呈逐年上升趋势,应加强输血传播的控制,保证输血安全.     

广州地区HBV/HCV重叠感染患者流行及临床特征研究

目的 探讨广州地区乙型肝炎病毒/丙型肝炎病毒（HBV/HCV）重叠感染患者的流行及临床特征,为提高其诊治提供依据.方法 回顾2005年4月至2011年10月我院收治慢性HBV感染患者临床资料,分析HBV/HCV重叠感染患者流行特征,按照HBeAg状态以及HBV DNA、HCV RNA水平分组分析HBV/HCV重叠感染患者临床特征.结果 HBV/HCV重叠感染率为1.9％（128/6604）,主要见于伴静脉吸毒史的男性中年患者.HBeAg阳性与阴性重叠感染患者之间的生化指标和终末期肝病发生率均无差异.HBeAg阳性患者HBV DNA阳性率高于阴性患者（P ＜0.001）,而HCV RNA水平阳性率低于阴性患者（P =0.007）.HBV DNA阳性患者终末期肝病发生率较阴性组升高（58.1％比37.9％,P=0.027）,而HCV RNA阳性与阴性患者之间发生率相似（43.6％比49.2％,P=0.540）.结论 广州地区HBV/HCV重叠感染率较低,HBV DNA水平可能与患者的疾病进展相关.     

乙肝成体转基因小鼠模型的建立及应用

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)属于嗜肝DNA病毒科,其感染可导致人类急慢性肝炎,尽管预防性乙肝疫苗的广泛接种,极大的降低了HBV感染的发病率,但由慢性乙型肝炎及其导致的肝硬化和肝细胞癌等仍严重危害人类的健康[1].     

我国九个地区丁型肝炎病毒感染状况及其与乙型肝炎…

对１５４５例各类乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）阳性肝病和无症状ＨｓＡｇ携带者的血清进行了乙型肘炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）与丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）感染标记物的测定。结果表明，ＨＤＶ感染率为１３．０１％，其中ＨＤＡｇ和抗－ＨＤ阳性率分别为２．９１％和１０．０９％。而且在全国九个地区均有ＨＤＶ感染者存在，说明其分布是较为广泛的。同时还表现出，男性高于女性，慢性肝炎、重型肝炎及原发性肝癌高于急性肝炎和无症状ＨＢ     

HBV基因转染对肾小管上皮细胞凋亡及表型转化的影响

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染人体后不仅引起肝脏功能和结构的改变,还可引起肝外多种脏器损伤,其中乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎(hepatitis Bvirus associated glomerulonephritis,HBV-GN)最受人们关注.但其发病机制尚不清楚.研究发现肾小管间质纤维化在肾脏病变中有重要意义[1].我们前期研究发现慢性乙型肝炎患者TGF-β1水平升高,HBV-DNA阳性血清可导致肾小管HK-2上皮细胞凋亡及表型转化[2-3].因此用含3.2 kb HBV全基因组的AM12质粒转染HK-2,进一步探讨HBV在HBV-GN肾损伤中的作用及机制.     

中国北方地区隐源性肝炎及乙型肝炎表面抗原阴性肝癌患者中隐匿性HBV感染流行状况分析

目的调查中国北方地区隐源性肝炎及乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）阴性肝癌患者中隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的流行状况。方法收集393个受试者的血清,其中包括隐源性慢性肝炎患者215名、HBsAg阴性肝癌患者178名。使用巢式PCR的方法检测血清中的HBV-DNA,同时使用实时定量PCR的方法检测HBV—DNA的载量。结果在隐源性慢性肝炎患者、HBsAg阴性肝癌患者中隐匿性HBV感染流行率分别为23．7％（51／215）和68．5％（122／178）。在IgGanti—HBc阳性者中,隐匿性HBV感染率较高。所有隐匿性感染者的病毒载量均较低（〈10^5拷贝／ml）。结论在中国北方隐源性肝炎及肝癌患者中,隐匿性HBV感染率较高。因此,对隐匿性HBV感染应给及足够的重视,避免因输血及器官移植造成HBV的传播。     

乙型肝炎病毒新型治疗方式的研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染可以导致严重的肝脏疾病,是肝纤维化、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)病死率高的主要原因。尽管已经拥有有效的疫苗,但三联乙肝疫苗的全球覆盖率为84%,未达100%,现有感染人数与新增人数仍然很多。目前主要的抗HBV药物为核苷...     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA水平与肝纤维化标志物的关系

目的研究慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV复制水平和肝纤维化血清学标志物的关系。方法入选临床确诊为慢性乙型肝炎的157例患者，其中49例为早期肝硬化，采用荧光定量PCR检测血清HBVDNA水平，放射免疫法和酶免疫法检测肝纤维化血清标志物：透明质酸、层黏蛋白、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽和Ⅳ型胶原，对血清HBVDNA水平和肝纤维化标志物的关系进行研究分析，并对49例早期肝硬化患者和108例无肝硬化患者的血清HBVDNA及肝纤维化血清标志物水平进行比较。结果慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清HBVDNA水平和肝纤维化标志物水平无显著相关性（P〉0．05），早期肝硬化患者的血清肝纤维化标志物水平显著高于无肝硬化的患者，而HBVDNA水平却低于无肝硬化的患者（P〈0．05）。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清HBVDNA水平和肝纤维化标志物水平无显著相关性。     

Prevalence and clinical significance of hepatitis D virus co-infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Korea

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection can cause severe acute and chronic liver disease in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Despite the significant decline in the global HDV infection, it remains a major health concern in some countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of HDV co-infection in patients with chronic HBV infection in Korea, where HBV infection is endemic. Nine hundred forty patients [median age, 48 (18-94) years; men, 64.5%] infected chronically with HBV were enrolled consecutively. All patients who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for at least 6 months and were tested for anti-HDV. A portion of the HDV delta antigen was amplified, sequenced, and subjected to molecular and phylogenetic analysis using sera from the patients who were anti-HDV positive. Clinical features and virologic markers were evaluated. Inactive HBsAg carriers, chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma accounted for 29.5%, 44.7%, 17.9%, and 8.0%, respectively. Only three patients were positive for anti-HDV, corresponding to a 0.32% positive rate. All patients who were positive for anti-HDV were inactive HBsAg carriers. HDV RNA could be amplified by PCR from the sera of two patients. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both carried HDV genotype 1. In conclusion, the prevalence of HDV infection is very low (0.32%) in Korea. All HDVs were genotype 1 and detected in inactive HBsAg carriers. Therefore, HDV co-infection may not have a significant clinical impact in Korean patients with chronic HBV infection.     

Hepatitis D virus infection among intravenous drug abusers in Taiwan: analysis of risk factors and liver function tests

To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among intravenous drug abusers in Taiwan, a total of 761 male prisoners, including 680 intravenous drug abusers, were studied for serological markers of HBV and HDV. Questionnaires were distributed to evaluate the risk factors for HDV infection and also to estimate the strength of association among HDV infection and the risk factors. HBV infection was common, and the positive rates of HBV markers between intravenous drug abusers and non-drug abusers were not statistically different. However, the positive rate of the antibody to HDV was significantly higher among intravenous drug abusers than among non-drug abusers (21.3% vs. 8.6%). Of 131 chronic HBV carriers with intravenous drug abuse, 119 (91%) were anti-HD positive. Using multiple logistic regression models, we found that the most important risk factor for HDV infection was hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage, and intravenous drug addiction the next. A matched case-control study also was conducted to compare liver function tests among both anti-HD- and HBsAg-positive group anti-HD-negative, and HBs-AG-positive group as well as those with neither positive. Statistically significant difference in liver function tests was not found. It is concluded that the HBsAg carriers with intravenous drug abuse in Taiwan are commonly HDV infected with and that the infection does not seem to affect the liver as assessed by liver function tests.     

Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis D virus antibody among asymptomatic carriers of Hepatitis B virus: a community survey

BackgroundHepatitis D virus (HDV) can cause a chronic infection in the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen and contribute to the burden of chronic liver disease especially in regions where chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic.AimTo determine the prevalence and risk factors of HDV among asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg in Cross River State, Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted among apparently healthy adults resident in Cross River State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demograhic data and risk factors for HBV/HDV infection. Participants blood samples were screened for HBsAg. Samples that were HBsAg positive were further screened for anti-HDVIgM. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.ResultsA total of 90 HBsAg positive samples were assayed. The prevalence of anti-HDV IgM was 5.6% (95% CI 1.1–10.1). The HDV positive subjects were mostly females (80%), reported family size of >5 members (80%), had female circumcision (75%) and took injections from Non-certified health care practitioners (NCHCPs). None of the assessed risk factors were significantly associated with HDV infection (p >0.05).ConclusionHepatitis D virus is moderately prevalent amongst asymptomatic HBsAg carriers in Cross River State, Nigeria.     

Hepatitis B and D virus infection among drug abusers in Taiwan

Approximately 15 to 20% of the general population in Taiwan are chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. However, the incidence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is low (5-8%) in patients with HBsAg-positive chronic liver diseases in this area. To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HDV infection among drug abusers in Taiwan, serum samples were collected from 152 drug abusers at the Taipei Municipal Anti-Narcotic Institute and test for HBV and HDV markers. Of these, 24 (15.8%) were HBsAg positive, and only 15 (9.9%) were seronegative for all HBV markers. Of the 115 intravenous drug abusers, serum antibody to hepatitis D antigen (anti-HD) was positive in 78.9% of 19 persons who were HBsAg positive, and in 7.5% of 80 persons who were positive for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). Anti-HD was not detected in the sera from all 37 nonintravenous drug abusers regardless of the status of their HBV markers. Also, none of 63 asymptomatic HBsAg carrier pregnant women or 23 patients with acute type B viral hepatitis had measurable anti-HD in their sera. Thus, the high frequency of HDV detected among Chinese HBsAg carrier intravenous drug abusers in Taiwan is similar to that reported in Western countries.     

Concurrent hepatitis C virus and hepatitis delta virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Since hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) are transmitted by the same routes as hepatitis B virus (HBV), simultaneous or concurrent HCV and HDV infection in patients with chronic HBV infection may occur. To test this hypothesis and to examine the clinicohistological and immunopathological presentations of such multiple hepatitis virus infections, acute and/or convalescent serum specimens from 86 patients with acute HDV superinfection were tested by enzyme immunoassay for antibodies to HCV. Of the 86 patients, 18 (20.9%) were associated with HCV infection. Although patients with early mortality cannot be evaluated by the HCV markers used in this study, the results showed that the clinical and histologic features were similar except that patients with HCV infection were older than those without HCV infection (P less than 0.01). Immunopathological studies carried out within 2 months after the onset of acute HDV superinfection demonstrated that hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was not detected in any patient and HDV antigen was detected in 18.2% of the patients with HCV infection whereas HBcAg and HDAg were found in 7% and 65.1%, respectively, of those without HCV coinfection (P less than 0.02). It is concluded that concurrent HCV and HDV superinfections can and do occur in patients with chronic HBV infection. In these triple viral infections, HCV may even transiently suppress HDV and HBV.     

Hepatitis B virus concentrations in serum determined by sensitive quantitative assays in patients with established chronic hepatitis delta virus infection.

To clarify the correlation between hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in patients with established chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection, sensitive HBV quantitative assays were used for the study. Thirty-four consecutive patients with chronic liver disease who were positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HDV (anti-HDV), including 19 patients with chronic hepatitis, 8 patients with liver cirrhosis and 7 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. All were negative for hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) and positive for antibody to HBeAg. HBV DNA was detected in 25 (73.5%) of the 34 patients using real-time detection PCR, and the HBV DNA levels of these patients were significantly lower compared with HBeAg status and ALT level-matched patients with chronic liver disease positive for HBsAg but negative for anti-HDV. There was no correlation between serum HBV DNA and ALT levels among the 34 patients with chronic liver disease positive for anti-HDV. Whereas serum ALT levels in anti-HDV-positive HBsAg carriers with HDV RNA were significantly higher than those without HDV RNA. Liver damage in patients with established chronic HDV infection may be caused mainly by ongoing HDV infection not by HBV replication.     

Multiple hepatitis virus infections in chronic HBsAg carriers in Naples

Summary.  In order to determine the prevalence of multiple infections with hepatitis viruses in chronic HBsAg carriers in Naples, to assess the interaction between HBV, HDV and HCV infections and to evaluate the influence of multiple virus hepatitis infections on the clinical presentation, we studied 198 HBsAg chronic carriers observed consecutively from 1971 to 1988 at our Liver Unit. Of the 198 HBsAg chronic carriers, 171 had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy. The presence of HBcAg or HDAg in the liver biopsy was considered a marker of HBV or HDV replication, respectively; the presence of anti-HCV was considered a marker of HCV infection. Anti-HCV was observed in 13.6% of the 22 subjects with normal liver, in 27.7% of the 47 patients with minimal chronic hepatitis, in 40% of the 50 with mild chronic hepatitis, in 70.6% of the 17 with moderate hepatitis, in 66.7% of the 3 with severe chronic hepatitis and in 65.6% of the 32 with active cirrhosis. Anti-HCV positive cases were antiHD positive more frequently than the anti-HCV negative (59.2% vs. 43%, p=0.05). HDV infection exerted a clear inhibition on the HBV genome. Among the 171 HBsAg chronic carriers, the finding of an active chronic hepatitis (moderate chronic hepatitis+severe chronic hepatitis+active cirrhosis) is less frequent in subjects with HBV replication alone than in those with HDV replication or HCV infection. Patients with both HBV replication and HCV infection and those with both HDV replication and HCV infection showed a very high prevelance of active chronic hepatitis.     

Hepatitis C virus in the etiology of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis: possibility of mixed viral infections due to parenteral transmission.

Sera obtained from 381 patients with chronic liver disease from four cities within the USSR were studied for HBV, HDV, and HCV markers of infection. Anti-HCV activity was detected in 41.2% of non-A, non-B cases. The etiological distribution of chronic hepatitis in Moscow and Dushanbe was similar with an approximate 20% prevalence for HBV, HDV, and HCV infections, whereas in Yakutsk 40% of cases were caused by HDV infections. The etiology of disease remained unrecognized in approximately 40% of patients with chronic liver disease in Moscow and Dushanbe and in 15% in Yakutsk. Anti-HCV activity was detected in 18.8% of patients with chronic HBV infections and in 8.3% of patients with chronic HDV infections. Anti-HCV activity was detected in 41% of patients without markers of HBV or HDV infections. The reasons for the observed differences in HCV prevalence among patients chronically infected with HDV are discussed.     

Molecular and clinical aspects of hepatitis D virus infections

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective virus with circular, single-stranded genomic RNA which needs hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a helper virus for virion assembly and infectivity. HDV virions are composed of a circular shape HDV RNA and two types of viral proteins, small and large HDAgs, surrounded by HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). The RNA polymerase II from infected hepatocytes is responsible for synthesizing RNAs with positive and negative polarities for HDV, as the virus does not code any enzyme to replicate its genome. HDV occurs as co-infection or super-infection in up to 5% of HBsAg carriers. A recent multi-center study highlighted that pegylated interferon α-2a (PEG-IFN) is currently the only treatment option for delta hepatitis. Nucleotide/nucleoside analogues, which are effective against HBV, have no relevant effects on HDV. However, additional clinical trials combining PEG-IFN and tenofovir are currently ongoing. The molecular interactions between HDV and HBV are incompletely understood. Despite fluctuating patterns of HBV viral load in the presence of HDV in patients, several observations indicate that HDV has suppressive effects on HBV replication, and even in triple infections with HDV, HBV and HCV, replication of both concomitant viruses can be reduced. Additional molecular virology studies are warranted to clarify how HDV interacts with the helper virus and which key cellular pathways are used by both viruses. Further clinical trials are underway to optimize treatment strategies for delta hepatitis.     

Hepatitis B virus clearance from serum and liver after acute hepatitis delta virus superinfection in chronic HBsAg carriers

Clinical, virological, and histological findings in four HBsAg chronic carriers who cleared HBV markers from both serum and liver following HDV superinfection are described. The patients were long-term HBsAg carriers and all were HBV-DNA/HBeAg positive. Liver biopsy, obtained from three of the patients between 5 and 15 months prior to HDV superinfection, showed chronic persistent hepatitis in two and chronic active hepatitis in one. During the follow-up of 9-19 months, the patients completely recovered from acute delta hepatitis with termination of HBsAg carriage and regression of the histological feature of chronic liver damage. These data demonstrate that sometimes HDV is able to induce a permanent inhibition of its helper virus. HDV superinfection probably enhances the immune clearance of infected cells during the replicative phase of chronic HBV infection.