高胆红素血症新生儿碳氧血红蛋白检测的意义

目的探讨高胆红素血症新生儿碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)检测的意义。方法用德国800系列生化血气分析仪附加的270-血氧仪测定189例高胆红素血症新生儿及142例日龄匹配无病理性黄疸(对照组)患儿动脉化毛细血管血COHb及静脉血血清总胆红素(STB)。新生儿溶血组予大剂量静脉用丙种免疫球蛋白治疗,2 d后测定COHb及STB水平。结果溶血组COHb及STB水平均显著高于对照组(P均<0.001);颅内出血组COHb明显高于对照组(P<0.05),STB水平显著高于对照组(P<0.001);感染、母乳性黄疸组STB水平均显著高于对照组(P均<0.001),而COHb水平与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。新生儿溶血组大剂量静脉用丙种免疫球蛋白治疗后COHb及STB水平均显著降低(P均<0.001)。结论COHb测定可作为胆红素水平的指标,有助于高胆红素血症新生儿病因诊断及治疗指导。     

新生儿黄疸中碳氧血红蛋白检测的临床应用研究

为探讨常见新生儿黄疸中碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)检测的临床价值,以德国800系列生化血气分析仪附加的270-血氧仪检测动脉化毛细血管血COHb,同步取静脉血检测血清总胆红素(STB)。病例选自本院新生儿病房2001年7月～2002年6月收治的伴有常见黄疸原因的足月新生儿157例[新生儿溶血病75例、感染51例、晚发性母乳性黄疸31例]。对照组101例为日龄匹配无病理性黄疸者,其中≤7天者52例,检测不同日龄的COHb,共测120例次。结果对照组中COHb生后5天内较高,峰值在1～2天,一周后接近成人正常水平。COHb与STB无相关性;溶血组COHb及STB均显著高于对照组(P<0.001),感染、母乳性黄疸组COHb与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结果提示COHb可用于证实新生儿黄疸中有无胆红素产量的增多,有助于黄疸病因的诊断。     

肝酶诱导剂对高危儿胆红素和脑干听觉诱发电位的影响

目的：　探讨肝酶诱导剂早期干预对高危围产期新生儿(高危儿)胆红素水平和脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的影响。方法：　应用苯巴比妥、尼可刹米口服方法进行早期干预。 86例高危儿随机分为干预组(Ⅲ组,44例)和未干预组(Ⅱ组,42例),同时以37例正常新生儿作对照组(Ⅰ组)。结果：　①生后96hⅡ组总胆红素[(249.0±75.2 ) μmol/L]显著高于Ⅲ组 [(181.0±54.1)μmol/L] (t =4.829,P<0.01) ,144h此差异更加显著[(308.0±93.1) μmol/Lvs (146.0±52.7) μmol/L] (t =9.985,P<0.01)。②Ⅱ,Ⅲ组BAEP异常率分别为69.1% ,18.2%,差异有显著性意义(χ2 =22.68,P<0.01)。结论：　肝酶诱导剂早期干预可明显降低高危儿胆红素水平和BAEP异常率     

碳氧血红蛋白对新生儿溶血病的诊断价值

目的 探讨碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)辅助诊断新生儿溶血病的价值.方法 选择2009年10月至2010年9月本科收治的足月儿,确诊新生儿溶血病者为溶血组,存在母子血型不合和病理性黄疸但未确诊溶血病者为非溶血性黄疸组,无母子血型不合及病理性黄疸者为对照组.分别于生后5天内测定COHb、血红蛋白(Hb)、网织红细胞(Ret)和总胆红素(STB),并进行比较.建立受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线),确定COHb、Hb、Ret的曲线下面积(AUC),同时分析三者不同截断值的敏感度、特异度、阳性和阴性预测值.结果 (1)溶血组COHb、Ret和STB较非溶血性黄疸组及对照组增高,Hb降低(P均＜0.001);非溶血性黄疸组STB较对照组增高(P＜0.001),但COHb、Hb和Ret差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)COHb、Hb和Ret的AUC分别为96.0%、74.9%、85.7%,三者比较差异有统计学意叉(P＜0.05).COHb预计溶血病的最佳截断值为1.2%(敏感度86.8%、特异度91.2%、阳性预测值93.0%、阴性预测值83.9%),敏感度、特异度均优于Hb和Ret.三指标联合诊断的特异度可提高到98.2%.结论 COHb是敏感的新生儿溶血病诊断指标,与Hb和Ret联合检测,对于早期筛查和辅助诊断新生儿溶血病有重要意义.     

新生儿黄疸中碳氧血红蛋白检测的临床应用研究

为探讨常见新生儿黄疸中碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)检测的临床价值,以德国800系列生化血气分析仪附加的240-血氧仪检测动脉化毛细血管血COHb,同步取静脉血检测血清总胆红素(STB).病例选自本院新生儿病房2001年7月～2002年6月收治的伴有常见黄疸原因的足月新生儿157例[新生儿溶血病75例、感染51例、晚发性母乳性黄疸31例].对照组101例为日龄匹配无病理性黄疸者,其中≤7天者52例,检测不同日龄的COHb,共测120例次.结果对照组中COHb生后5天内较高,峰值在1～2天,一周后接近成人正常水平.COHb与STB无相关性;溶血组COHb及STB均显著高于对照组(P＜0.001),感染、母乳性黄疸组COHb与对照组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结果提示COHb可用于证实新生儿黄疸中有无胆红素产量的增多,有助于黄疸病因的诊断.     

肾病综合征患儿血清铁与转铁蛋白的变化

目的：肾病综合征(NS)患儿尿中丢失白蛋白的同时也伴有转铁蛋白的丢失,测定血清铁及转铁蛋白等铁代谢相关指标以及尿转铁蛋白,了解其变化及其相互关系。方法：NS患儿37例,测定其治疗前和恢复期铁代谢相关指标(血清铁、铁蛋白、转铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度、总铁结合力以及外周血红细胞参数)及尿转铁蛋白,并与正常对照组比较。结果：①在NS治疗前血清铁为18.8±3.8μmol/L,分别与恢复期的21.0±3.5μmol/L,及对照组的22.2±3.8μmol/L比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01);转铁蛋白为1.9±0.3g/L,分别与恢复期的2.9±0.6g/L和对照组的3.1±0.5g/L比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01);总铁结合力为56.4±9.2μmol/L,分别与恢复期的51.9±7.7μmol/L和对照组的50.7±6.8μmol/L比较,差异亦有显著性(均P<0.01);转铁蛋白饱和度为(55.7±9.2)%,与NS恢复期及对照组的(47.4±13.3)%,(46.4±8.2)%比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。②血清白蛋白与转铁蛋白呈正相关(r=0.609,P<0.01)。③血清转铁蛋白浓度与尿转铁蛋白呈负相关(r=-0.550,P<0.01)。结论：NS患儿血清铁及转铁蛋白明显降低,可能与转铁蛋白从尿中丢失有关。     

小儿哮喘与肺炎支原体肺炎血中一氧化氮和氧自由基的不同变化及意义

目的：　探讨一氧化氮(NO)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、血栓素B2 (TXB2 )、循环内皮细胞(CEC)在小儿哮喘及肺炎支原体(MP)肺炎中的作用。方法：　分别检测36例小儿哮喘、40例MP肺炎患儿及15例健康体检儿血NO,LPO,TXB2及CEC水平。结果：　小儿哮喘及MP肺炎急性期血NO,LPO,TXB2,CEC4项指标分别为:哮喘组(162 .27±36.12) μmol/L ,(8.62± 0.87)nmol/ml,(22 9.11± 64.75) pg/ml,(6.13± 1.15)n/0.9μl;MP肺炎组(95.52±33.84)μmol/L ,(5.76± 0 .53)nmol/ml,(388.72±80 .09) pg/ml,(6.36±1.02)n/0 .9μl,分别与对照组 [(68.57±13.80 ) μmol/L ,(4.62± 1.80 )nmol/ml,(105.76±20.10)pg/ml,(4.40±1.04)n/0 .9μl]相比,均增高显著,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。其中哮喘组血中NO ,LPO较MP肺炎组增高显著(P<0.01);MP肺炎组TXB2 较哮喘组增高明显 (P<0.01)。恢复期两种疾病所有指标均降低,TXB2,LPO已降至正常范围,而NO ,CEC在两周后[哮喘组(82.64±20.56)μmol/L,(5.41±1.29)n/0.9μl,MP肺炎组 (86.12±21.34)μmol/L,(5.57±1.12 )n/0 .9μl]仍高于正常对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。结论：　本研究提示     

碳氧血红蛋白对新生儿溶血病的诊断价值

目的探讨碳氧血红蛋白（COHb）辅助诊断新生儿溶血病的价值。方法 选择2009年10月至2010年9月本科收治的足月儿,确诊新生儿溶血病者为溶血组,存在母子血型不合和病理性黄疸但未确诊溶血病者为非溶血性黄疸组,无母子血型不合及病理性黄疸者为对照组。分别于生后5天内测定COHb、血红蛋白（Hb）、网织红细胞（Ret）和总胆红素（STB）,并进行比较。建立受试者工作曲线（ROC曲线）,确定COHb、Hb、Ret的曲线下面积（AUC）,同时分析三者不同截断值的敏感度、特异度、阳性和阴性预测值。结果 （1）溶血组COHb、Ret和STB较非溶血性黄疸组及对照组增高,Hb降低（P均〈0.001）;非溶血性黄疸组STB较对照组增高（P〈0.001）,但COHb、Hb和Ret差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。（2）COHb、Hb和Ret的AUC分别为96.0%、74.9%、85.7%,三者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。COHb预计溶血病的最佳截断值为1.2%（敏感度86.8%、特异度91.2%、阳性预测值93.0%、阴性预测值83.9%）,敏感度、特异度均优于Hb和Ret。三指标联合诊断的特异度可提高到98.2%。结论 COHb是敏感的新生儿溶血病诊断指标,与Hb和Ret联合检测,对于早期筛查和辅助诊断新生儿溶血病有重要意义。     

黄疸新生儿血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶和脑干听觉诱发电位变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨黄疸新生儿血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)与脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的关系,评价NSE在预测黄疸新生儿听力损害的临床意义.方法 抽取119例新生儿外周血1 mL检测其NSE、胆红素/清蛋白质量比值(B/A)及总胆红素(STB)水平,将STB≥171.0 μmol/L患儿89例归为观察组(其中A组171.0～205.2 μmol/L,B组>205.2～256.5 μmol/L,C组>256.5～342.0 μmol/L,D组>342.0 μmol/L),STB<171.0 μmol/L患儿30例为对照组;同期检测并追踪观察组新生儿BAEP,受试者工作特征曲线(ROCC)分析NSE、STB、B/A与BAEP相关性.结果 观察组NSE水平(15.94±4.73)μg/L及异常率(61.8%)明显高于对照组[(8.75±2.71)μg/L,3.3%](Pa=0),随着STB上升,NSE水平逐渐升高(P=0);NSE、STB、B/A的ROCC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.844、0.511、0.589,具有显著性差异(Pa=0);以NSE=14.36μg/L作为预测听力损害标准的敏感性为86.0%,特异性为66.7%,明显高于血清STB、B/A(P=0).结论 血清NSE与BAEP异常改变相关性高,具有较好的预测听力损害的临床价值.     

胰岛素样生长因子-1在新生儿高胆红素血症中的变化及意义

目的：胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)是神经系统必需的调节因子,目前少有报道其与高胆红素血症之间的关系。该文主要通过测定高胆红素血症（高胆）新生儿血清中IGF-1水平及新生儿神经行为评分(NBNA)来探讨IGF-1与高胆的关系及其临床意义。方法：应用电化学发光分析法检测57例高胆新生儿和 25例正常新生儿血清中IGF-1 浓度,同步测定血清总胆红素(TSB)、未结合胆红素(USB)及白蛋白(ALB)含量,计算USB与ALB比值(B/A),并行新生儿 NBNA 评分。高胆组按血清TSB值221~256 μmol/L,257~342 μmol/L,＞342 μmol/L分为轻、中、重三组;对照组TSB ＜85 μmol/L。结果：轻、中、重高胆患儿血清IGF-1浓度均值分别为39.38±8.42,30.77±4.65,26.34±2.05 ng/L,较对照组50.16±15.73 ng/ L明显降低,在轻、中、重高胆组间IGF-1浓度差异存在显著性(P＜0.01),其值随着胆红素的升高而降低;轻、中、重高胆组NBNA评分均值分别为35.01±2.26,32.45±2.74,26.77±5.02,明显低于对照组38.24±0.78(P＜0.01),高胆各组间差异也有显著性(P＜0.01);血清IGF-1 浓度与NBNA评分呈正相关(r=0.603, P＜0.01),与B/A值呈负相关(r=-0.483, P＜0.01)。结论：高胆患儿血清IGF-1浓度显著降低,降低程度与血清胆红素水平有关;IGF-1可能与新生儿胆红素脑损伤密切相关。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（5）：357-360］     

Transcutaneous bilirubinometry: a noninvasive tool for studying newborn jaundiced rats before and after exposure to light

The homozygous Gunn rat is the most frequently used animal model for the study of neonatal jaundice. We evaluated the applicability of noninvasive transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurements as an index of serum total bilirubin (STB) levels in neonatal rats by comparison to invasive STB measurements. TcB measurements were made during the first 96 h of life with the Model 101 Minolta/Air-Shields Jaundice Meter (JM) and SpectRx BiliCheck System (BC). Measurements with both devices displayed parallel TcB profiles, rapidly rising within 24 h, increasing during the next 6 h, then leveling off after 30 h. Linear regressions for the JM (n = 60) were as follows: STB (mg/dL) = 0.79 (JM) - 0.01 (units, r = 0.95, head); STB (mg/dL) = 0.82 (JM) + 1.51 (units, r = 0.95, upper back); and STB (mg/dL) = 0.74 (JM) + 1.60 (units, r = 0.91, lower back). Mean bias +/- imprecision were as follows: -0.02 +/- 3.99 mg/dL, -0.01 +/- 3.90, and 0.01 +/- 4.28 at the head, upper back, and lower back, respectively. For the BC, only lower back measurements were taken, and the regression was as follows: STB (mg/dL) = 0.77 (BC) + 1.65 mg/dL, (r = 0.93, n = 29) with a mean bias +/- imprecision of -1.08 +/- 3.08 mg/dL. When pups were exposed to light, correlations remained strong but intercepts increased. These results demonstrate that noninvasive TcB measurements correlate highly with STB in the Gunn rat during the first 96 h of life and after exposure to light. We conclude that JM measurements at the head and BC at the lower back reflect STB most reliably and consistently. Thus, in addition to being a useful tool for evaluating jaundice in human neonates, TcB methodology can be used successfully for the noninvasive monitoring of jaundice in neonatal Gunn rats pre- and postlight exposure.     

新生猪多器官功能障碍综合征模型建立的实验研究

目的：探讨采用盲肠结扎加穿孔(CLP)建立新生猪多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)模型的方法及实验与临床意义。方法：选用健康长白新生猪14只,随机分成实验组(E组,n=9)和对照组(C组,n=5),实验组施行盲肠结扎加穿孔(CLP)制成MODS动物模型,对照组只行剖腹和盲肠探查术。动态观察两组血清生化指标(ALT,AST,ALB,BUN,Cr,CKMB,lac)及血小板、血气分析(PaO2,PaCO2)的变化,通过光镜观察动物各重要生命器官组织形态学变化。结果：与对照组相比,实验组动物在CLP后血ALT,AST,BUN,Cr,CKMB,lac24h即已开始升高,48～96h明显升高,48h时ALT为83.0±9.3U/L、AST为348.8±132.9U/L、BUN为10.5±2.5mmol/L、Cr为79.2±9.0μmol/L、CKMB为5152.0±1857.8U/L、lac为12.3±4.0mmol/L(P<0.01),96h后开始有所降低,但仍高于0h;ALB24h后开始降低,各时间点均低于对照组,但差异无显著性;血小板24h开始降低,96h与0h比较差异有显著性;PaO2和PaCO248h时实验组与对照组差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);实验组动物死亡率与对照组差异有显著性(P<0.05),MODS的发生率为56%。实验组动物肺、肝、心、肾、胃肠道等器官均有不同程度的病理改变。结论：CLP诱发了新生猪多个器官的功能障碍,该实验可用于新生动物MODS模型的探讨。     

Extreme hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants

This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and investigate the etiology of extreme hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin [TSB]>or=25 mg/dL [428 micromol/L]) in newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in southern Turkey. The charts of 93 term and near-term infants admitted with TSB levels of 25 mg/dL (428 micromol/L) or greater in the first 30 days after birth were retrospectively reviewed. During the 4.5-year study period, 774 infants were admitted to our unit with neonatal jaundice. Ninety-three (12%) of these infants had TSB levels of 25 mg/dL (428 micromol/L) or greater. The mean TSB level in the 93 cases was 30.1+/-5.7 mg/dL (514.7+/-97.5 micromol/L), and the peak levels ranged from 25.0 to 57.4 mg/dL (428-981.5 micromol/L). Thirty-three (35.5%) of the 93 babies had TSB levels of 30 mg/dL (513 micromol/L) or greater. Eighty-nine of 93 infants were being exclusively breast-fed. Nineteen babies were isoimmunized, 7 were bacteremic, 2 of the 39 babies tested for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase had this enzyme deficiency, and 1 of the 71 infants tested for thyroid function had hypothyroidism. No cause for extreme hyperbilirubinemia was found in 61 (65.6%) cases.     

新生儿感染性黄疸血浆组织因子和组织因子途径抑制物含量的变化

目的　探讨新生儿感染性黄疸患儿血浆组织因子 (TF)和组织因子途径抑制物 (TFPI)含量的变化及其意义。方法　运用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)测定 8例非感染性高胆红素血症新生儿 (对照组 )及 2 1例感染性黄疸新生儿 (感染组 )血浆TF和TFPI水平。结果　感染组的血浆TFPI含量和TF含量显著高于对照组 [TFPI( 2 1 0± 4 3 )、( 16 2± 1 9) μg/L ,P <0 0 1;TF ( 177± 79)、( 5 1± 2 4)ng/L ,P <0 0 1];TFPI/TF比值显著低于对照组 ( 13 7± 61、3 19± 67,P <0 0 1)。根据患儿血清胆红素 (SB)浓度 ,将 2 1例感染性黄疸新生儿分为胆红素重度增高感染组 (SB≥ 2 0 5 2 μmol/L ,n =10 )和胆红素轻度增高感染组 (SB <2 0 5 2 μmol/L ,n =11) ,两组间TFPI水平差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。胆红素重度增高感染组TF水平高于胆红素轻度增高感染组 [( 2 16± 79)、( 141± 63 )ng/L ,P <0 0 1],而TFPI/TF低于胆红素轻度增高感染组 ( 10 0± 3 0、171± 74,P <0 0 1)。结论　感染可引起新生儿体内抗凝与促凝作用的平衡失调。黄疸可提高血浆TF水平 ,加重感染新生儿体内抗凝与促凝作用的失衡     

Homocysteine levels during fasting and after methionine loading in adolescents with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy

OBJECTIVE: To assess plasma homocysteine levels in adolescents and young adults with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes with and without microvascular complications. STUDY DESIGN: Homocysteine levels were measured during fasting and after methionine loading in plasma of 61 patients with onset of diabetes before the age of 12 years and duration of disease longer than 7 years. They had an albumin excretion rate (AER) between 20 and 200 microg/min in 2 of 3 overnight urine collections in a period of 6 months and/or retinopathy. Patients with persistent microalbuminuria were divided into 2 groups: subjects with AER of 20 to 70 microg/min and patients with AER of 70 to 200 microg/min. Adolescents (n = 54) without signs of diabetic retinopathy or nephropathy and matched control subjects (n = 63) were also studied. RESULTS: Homocysteine concentrations before and after methionine load were higher in adolescents with diabetic complications than in healthy subjects (fasting values: 12. 4 +/- 7.9 micromol/L vs 7.8 +/- 4.2 micromol/L; P <.01; after methionine load: 28.1 +/- 13.2 micromol/L vs 16.6 +/- 7.3 micromol/L; P <.005). Values of 11.9 micromol/L or higher were considered to constitute fasting hyperhomocysteinemia. The increase of homocysteine concentrations was particularly evident in young diabetic patients with AER >70 microg/min (fasting values: 14.7 +/- 5.6 micromol/L; after methionine load: 34.2 +/- 12.6 micromol/L) and in patients with proliferative retinopathy (fasting values: 15.1 +/- 5.0 micromol/L; after methionine load: 36.8 +/- 12.5 micromol/L). CONCLUSIONS: Increased plasma homocysteine concentrations may contribute to increased morbidity and death from cardiovascular disease in adolescents and young adults with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.     

Blood lead levels of maternal-cord pairs, children and adults who live in a central urban area in Turkey

Lead levels were measured in blood samples of 99 adults, 180 children and 143 pregnant women living in Eski?ehir, an urban area in Turkey. One hundred and twenty 120 cord blood and 93 breast-milk samples were also obtained. Mean lead level in blood of adults, children, pregnants, cord blood and in breast-milk samples were 3.13 +/- 1.4 microg/dl, 3.56 +/- 1.7 microg/dl, 2.8 +/- 1.5 microg/dl, 1.65 +/- 1.4 microg/dl and 2.34 +/- 1 microg/L, respectively. It was higher in men than in women in adults (p<0.05) and in iron-deficient children than in those not deficient (p<0.01), and was negatively correlated with body weight (BW) and hemoglobin (Hb) in children (p<0.05 for both). Maternal lead level was strongly related with cord blood and breast-milk lead contents (p<0.001, p<0.0001, respectively). The lead exposure in this region is much lower than the critical level defined for lead poisoning as >10 microg/dl by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention iron deficiency poor nutrition are the risk factors to lead exposure in children.