右美托咪定预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心律失常的影响及机制研究

目的观察右美托咪定预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心律失常的影响及机制。方法 2015年3-6月于武汉大学基础医学院选择30只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组(SO组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、右美托咪定预处理组(DEX组)各10只。I/R组、DEX大鼠先结扎冠状动脉30 min引起心肌缺血,再松开结扎线给予心肌再灌注120min。SO组只带线不结扎,DEX组在缺血前2 h给予右美托咪定100μg/kg腹腔注射,I/R组给予等体积生理盐水。监测记录各组缺血再灌注心律失常的发生情况,以实时定量PCR法检测心肌组织L型钙通道(Cav1.2)、钠钙交换体(NCX)mRNA的水平。结果 SO组心律无明显变化,心律失常评分为0分。DEX组心律失常发生率低于I/R组,缺血30 min和再灌注120 min心律失常评分均低于I/R组(4.5±0.6 vs.2.1±0.4,3.7±0.5 vs.1.1±0.3,P均<0.05)。与SO组比较,I/R组、DEX组心肌组织Cav1.2和NCX的mRNA水平均升高,而DEX组较I/R组明显降低(P均<0.05)。结论右美托咪定预处理可减少缺血再灌注心律失常发生,与减少Cav1.2和NCX的mRNA水平,抑制钙超载有关。     

大鼠离体心脏缺血-再灌注过程的功能变化

目的 建立大鼠离体心脏缺血-再灌注(I/R)损伤模型,观察I/R过程心脏舒缩功能与冠脉流量变化. 方法 大鼠离体心脏采用Langendorff法灌流,对照组(n=8)心脏连续灌流80 min;I/R组(n=8)心脏缺血40 min再灌注40 min.实验过程实时动态检测心率(min-1)、心肌收缩幅度(g)与最大收缩速度(dT/dtmax,g/ms)、最大舒张速度(-dT/dtmax,g/ms)、心肌静息张力(g)、冠脉流量(液滴,min-1). 结果 与对照组比较,I/R组心脏缺血后心搏停止,20 min后心肌静息张力上升(P＜0.05);再灌注后心肌张力仍高;心搏恢复但心率、心脏收缩幅度、最大收缩速度、最大舒张速度均降低(P＜0.05～0.001);再复灌注初冠脉流量恢复正常,10 min后呈下降性变化(P＜0.05～0.001). 结论 大鼠离体心脏缺血40 min再灌注40 min导致I/R损伤,该模型制备及功能评价方法简便可靠.     

丙泊酚预处理对大鼠离体心脏低温缺血常温再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 观察丙泊酚预处理对大鼠离体心脏低温缺血常温再灌注损伤的保护作用. 方法 采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,60只SD大鼠离体心脏平衡20 min后随机分为5组(n=12):空白对照组(Con组)于37 ℃用Krebs-Henseleit缓冲液(K-H液)持续灌注175 min;缺血再灌注组(I/R组)于37 ℃用K-H液灌注40 min,27 ℃缺血75 min,37 ℃K-H液再灌注60 min;丙泊酚预处理1组(P1组)、2组(P2组)和3组(P3组)分别在缺血前给予含50、100和150 μmol/L丙泊酚预处理,预处理后同I/R组.观察平衡末(基础值)、缺血前及再灌注末的心率(HR)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室压力上升和下降速率最大值(±dP/dtmax);在平衡末、再灌注后1、10、20、30及60 min分别取冠状动脉流出液,测定其中肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),再灌注末测定心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;并测定再灌注后各组心肌梗死面积. 结果 P2组和P3组在再灌注后60 min时HR、LVDP、±dP/dtmax、SOD活性均高于I/R组(P<0.05) ;而LVEDP、心肌梗死面积、MDA含量小于I/R组(P<0.05) ;P2组和P3组再灌注后各时间点冠状动脉流出液中CK及LDH值均明显低于I/R组相应时间点所测值(P<0.05). 结论 100和150 μmol/L丙泊酚预处理对大鼠心肌低温缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用.     

丙泊酚预处理对大鼠离体心脏低温缺血常温再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察丙泊酚预处理对大鼠离体心脏低温缺血常温再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,60只SD大鼠离体心脏平衡20min后随机分为5组(n=12):空白对照组(Con组)于37℃用Krebs-Henseleit缓冲液(K-H液)持续灌注175min;缺血再灌注组(I/R组)于37℃用K-H液灌注40min,27℃缺血75min,37℃K-H液再灌注60min;丙泊酚预处理1组(P1组)、2组(P2组)和3组(P3组)分别在缺血前给予含50、100和150μmol/L丙泊酚预处理,预处理后同I/R组。观察平衡末(基础值)、缺血前及再灌注末的心率(HR)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室压力上升和下降速率最大值(±dP/dtmax);在平衡末、再灌注后1、10、20、30及60min分别取冠状动脉流出液,测定其中肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),再灌注末测定心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;并测定再灌注后各组心肌梗死面积。结果P2组和P3组在再灌注后60min时HR、LVDP、±dP/dtmax、SOD活性均高于I/R组(P<0.05);而LVEDP、心肌梗死面积、MDA含量小于I/R组(P<0.05);P2组和P3组再灌注后各时间点冠状动脉流出液中CK及LDH值均明显低于I/R组相应时间点所测值(P<0.05)。结论100和150μmol/L丙泊酚预处理对大鼠心肌低温缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。     

丙泊酚后处理对离体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用及机制

目的研究丙泊酚后处理对离体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞的保护作用以及对PI3K/Akt信号通路的影响。方法选用SD大鼠28只,按照随机数字表法分为缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、丙泊酚后处理组(PPC组)、丙泊酚后处理+Wortmannin后处理组(PPC+W组)、Wortmannin组(W组)。4组均建立Langendorff离体心肌缺血再灌注模型。各组心肌做相应分组处理后,观察缺血前及再灌注120 min时左室心功能变化情况,免疫组化检测Bcl-2蛋白的表达,Tunel法检测各组心肌细胞凋亡情况,Western blot测定p-Akt(Ser473)蛋白表达。结果与I/R组相比,PPC组LVEDP降低[(43.31±4.70)vs(29.93±3.72),P<0.05],+dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax均明显升高[(1 140±138)vs(1 622±160),(749±99)vs(1 008±178),P<0.05],心肌组织Bcl-2蛋白和p-Akt的表达均增加[(0.171 9±0.012 1)vs(0.199 1±0.014 4),(0.241 4±0.053 9)vs(0.436 3±0.081 7),P<0.05],心肌细胞凋亡明显减少[(33.87±1.72)vs(29.84±1.83),P<0.05]。Wortmannin能阻断丙泊酚后处理的心肌保护效应(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚后处理能减少离体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡,发挥心肌保护作用,其保护机制与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路及上调Bcl-2蛋白的表达有关。     

胃泌素通过STAT3途径对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤发挥保护作用

目的 探讨胃泌素(gastrin,GS)对SD大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用以及STAT3在其中所起的作用.方法 选取SPF级雄性健康SD大鼠48只(体质量250 ～300 g),采用随机数字表法将其分为4组(n=12,其中随机6只检测左心室功能、TTC染色及心肌酶谱,其余6只进行TUNEL及Western blot检测):空白对照组(B组)、胃泌素预处理对照组(GS组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、胃泌素预处理缺血再灌注组(GIR组).应用Langendorff装置进行离体心脏灌注.B组持续灌注Krebs-Henseleit (K-H)缓冲液130 min,GS组在持续灌注过程中的10～30 min时间段给予了胃泌素(10-9mol/L)预处理;IR组及GIR组在阻断全心灌注前灌注30 min,阻断灌注40 min后再灌注60 min,其中GIR组在阻断前20 min给予胃泌素(10-9mol)预处理.每组中随机6只于阻断灌注前即刻(T0),再灌注15(T1)、30 min(T2)、45 (T3)、60 min(T4)时记录左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左心室最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax);于T0、T4时收集冠状窦流出液,测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)浓度;灌注结束后留取心脏标本进行氯化三苯基四氮唑法(TTC)染色观察心肌梗死面积;每组其余6只进行TUNEL染色法观察心肌细胞凋亡情况以及Western blot检测STAT3及磷酸化STAT3(p-STAT3)蛋白表达水平.结果 B组与GS组各项指标无统计学差异(P＞0.05);与前两组相比,IR组与GIR组从T1 ～T4时间点LVEDP增加,LVDP及+dp/dtmax降低,心肌梗死面积增大,LDH与CK-MB释放增加,凋亡细胞增加,p-STAT3蛋白表达增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,GIR组从T1时间点开始左心室功能各项指标均有显著恢复(P＜0.05),心肌梗死面积减少,LDH和CK-MB释放降低,心肌凋亡细胞显著减少[(19.2±1.0)％ vs (14.2±1.0)％,P＜0.05],且p-STAT3蛋白表达显著增加[(1.14±0.10) vs (1.63±0.10),P＜0.05].结论 胃泌素通过STAT3途径在SD大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中发挥保护作用.     

肾缺血预处理对兔未成熟心肌Bcl-2, Bax,Fas蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨肾缺血预处理(RIP)对兔未成熟心肌细胞凋亡和Bcl-2, Bax, Fas蛋白表达的影响. 方法:24只幼兔采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,随机分为正常对照组(C)、心脏缺血/再灌注组(I/R)和肾缺血预处理组(RIP),每组8只,测定各组未成熟心肌细胞凋亡和Bcl-2, Bax, Fas蛋白表达. 结果:RIP组与I/R组比较,心肌细胞凋亡率明显减少[(4.19±1.13)% vs (12.30±2.10)%, P<0.01],DNA片段梯光密度明显减少(57 350±1765 vs 135 200±3370, P<0.01), Bcl-2表达增多(33 525±1026 vs 12 385±860, P<0.01), Bax(8640±768 vs 32 472±1128, P<0.01)和Fas(8936±912 vs 32 100±1260, P<0.01)表达明显减少. 结论:RIP可减少缺血再灌注后兔未成熟心肌细胞凋亡和影响Bcl-2, Bax, Fas蛋白的表达.     

MG53在下肢远程缺血预适应保护肺缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 研究MG53在下肢远程缺血预适应保护肺组织缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 肺缺血再灌注损伤模型通过开胸阻断左侧肺门进行缺血1h后再灌注1h建立.下肢远程缺血预适应模型是在进行肺缺血再灌注损伤前0.5h阻断左侧股动脉血流5 min,然后再灌注5 min,重复3个循环来实现的.将60只10 ～ 12周龄SD大鼠[雌雄各半,体质量(235±15)g]采用完全随机分组方法分为3组(n=20):假手术组(sham组)、肺缺血再灌注损伤组(IR组)、下肢远程缺血预适应+肺缺血再灌注损伤组(RIP组).将24只8～12周龄MG53敲除小鼠[雌雄各半,体质量(27.5±2.5)g]采用完全随机分组方法分为2组(n=12),即肺缺血再灌注损伤组(IR组)、下肢远程缺血预适应+肺缺血再灌注损伤组(RIP组).在缺血及再灌注时间结束后,观察动脉氧分压、计算肺组织湿干比(W/D),通过Western blot检测3组之间肺组织上MG53蛋白表达量的改变,并记录其生存情况.结果 对SD大鼠,在进行肺缺血再灌注损伤后其血氧分压降低到(46.60±5.94) mmHg,而下肢远程缺血预适应能显著改善肺组织的缺血再灌注损伤,使其血氧分压恢复至(73.40 ±5.94)mmHg(P ＜0.05),同时对反映肺组织水肿程度的W/D值、生存情况都有显著的改善,通过Western blot方法检测到RIP组肺组织上MG53蛋白的表达量(2.03 50.53)较IR组(0.79±0.17)显著增加(P＜0.05).在MG53敲除小鼠上,下肢远程缺血预适应组的血氧分压(48.20±12.15) mmHg较肺缺血再灌注损伤组(45.60±10.53) mmHg并未得到改善,同时也不能改善肺组织的水肿情况.结论 MG53参与了下肢远程缺血预适应对肺组织缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.     

芬太尼和维拉帕米对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心律失常的协同保护作用

目的采用离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心律失常模型,观察芬太尼和维拉帕米对缺血再灌注心律失常的影响.方法将60只SD大鼠随机分为6组(每组10只)对照组(C组),10μg/L维拉帕米组(V组),10μg/L及30μg/L芬太尼组(F1及f2组),10μg/L芬太尼+10μg/L维拉帕米组(F1+V组),30μg/L芬太尼+10μg/L维拉帕米组(F2+V组).离体心脏平衡20min后,C组继续灌注K-H液10min,阻断冠脉左前降支10mir,,复灌5min,记录冠脉流量(CF)及心电图.其余5组除平衡后换用含不同药物及浓度的K-H液外,余同C组.太尼或维拉帕米后均能不同程度地减少心律失常的时间,延长窦性节律时间(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);芬太尼和维拉帕米合用后,减慢心率(P＜0.01),增加CF(P＜0.05);其减少心律失常的作用更为显著(P＜0.01),并未见室颤.结论本实验提示芬太尼和维拉帕米对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心律失常有协同保护作用.     

左旋卡尼汀预处理对离体兔心缺血/再灌注致心肌损伤及MDA、SOD的影响

目的观察左旋卡尼汀（L-CN）预处理对离体兔心缺血/再灌注致心肌损伤及丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的影响。方法采用离体兔心Langendorff灌注实验模型,离体兔心12只随机分成缺血/再灌注组（I/R组）和L-CN预处理组,每组6只。I/R组灌注K-H液25 min,（兔心）4℃标准St.Thomas停搏液（K＋16 mmol/L）至心脏停搏,45 min后恢复K-H液灌注20 min;L-CN预处理组灌注K-H液10 min,再予L-CN续灌15 min,余步骤同I/R组。测定再灌注末心肌组织中MDA、SOD的活性;2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑（TTC）染色测定心肌存活面积百分比。结果L-CN预处理组SOD活性明显高于I/R组（P〈0.01）,MDA含量明显低于I/R组（P〈0.05）。L-CN预处理组心肌存活面积百分比高于I/R组（P〈0.05）。结论L-CN预处理对高钾停搏离体兔缺血/再灌注心脏具有抑制氧化应激、提高抗氧化能力的作用,可减轻心肌损伤。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.