外踝撕脱骨折治疗体会

目的：通过总结手术治疗外踝撕脱骨折的不同手术方式,评估外踝撕脱骨折手术疗效。方法：分析我院2011年03月－2013年06月,急性踝关节扭伤导致外踝撕脱骨折,接受手术治疗的患者总共25例,男性11例,女性14例,平均年龄为38.6±4.4岁,其中18例患者伴有二度以上距腓前韧带损伤。手术方式包括,撕脱骨折复位螺钉固定,韧带修复,或者行骨折块切除,改良Brostrom术修复韧带治疗。结果：患者切口均一期愈合,本组患者24人获得随访,随访4－10个月,平均7.5个月。24例患者术后AOFAS功能评分为91.3±2.3。随访期间无1例患者出现踝关节不稳症状。结论：对于急性踝关节扭伤,外踝撕脱骨折患者我们采用合适的手术治疗能够重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体的稳定性,为恢复踝关节功能建立了基础。     

外踝撕脱骨折治疗体会

目的:通过总结手术治疗外踝撕脱骨折的不同手术方式,评估外踝撕脱骨折手术疗效。方法:分析我院2011年03月-2013年06月,急性踝关节扭伤导致外踝撕脱骨折,接受手术治疗的患者总共25例,男性11例,女性14例,平均年龄为38.6±4.4岁,其中18例患者伴有二度以上距腓前韧带损伤。手术方式包括,撕脱骨折复位螺钉固定,韧带修复,或者行骨折块切除,改良Brostrom术修复韧带治疗。结果:患者切口均一期愈合,本组患者24人获得随访,随访4-10个月,平均7.5个月。24例患者术后AOFAS功能评分为91.3±2.3。随访期间无1例患者出现踝关节不稳症状。结论:对于急性踝关节扭伤,外踝撕脱骨折患者我们采用合适的手术治疗能够重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体的稳定性,为恢复踝关节功能建立了基础。     

自体半腱肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带治疗踝关节外侧不稳的临床研究

目的观察采用自体半腱肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带治疗踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效。方法自2010年10月～2012年7月收治踝关节外侧不稳的患者18例,年龄15～42岁,平均23.6岁。所有患者行踝关节镜探查清理并取自体半腱肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带,手术前后按踝关节评分系统评分。结果18例患者术后平均随访13个月(3～20个月),随访期间踝关节活动度基本恢复正常,没有复发性踝关节不稳发生。美国足踝外科(AOFAS)踝-后足功能评分由术前(50.4±4.5)分提高至术后(83.5±7.2)分,随访期间未发现踝关节不稳复发及其他并发症。结论自体半腱肌腱解剖重建踝关节距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带,能有效恢复踝关节外侧不稳定。     

关节镜下治疗陈旧性交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的观察关节镜下自体韧带重建治疗陈旧性交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效。方法 2008年5月～2012年4月,对23例陈旧性交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的患者关节镜下行自体韧带重建。结果所有病人均获随访,随访时间10～27个月,平均18个月,采用Lysholm膝关节评分进行评估,平均得分由术前（53.7±4.1）分提高到术后（88.5±3.5）分。结论关节镜下自体韧带重建可有效治疗陈旧性交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折。     

带线锚钉治疗陈旧性外踝撕脱骨折合并踝关节不稳的临床研究

目的探讨带线锚钉内固定治疗陈旧性外踝撕脱骨折合并踝关节不稳的临床疗效。 方法选择符合病例纳入标准患者36例,对外踝骨折AO分型,均为A1型陈旧性骨折,采用带线锚钉修复外踝陈旧撕脱骨折同时修复外侧副韧带。术后随访采用美国足踝外科协会(American orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)足部功能评分系统评价足的功能。术前术后采用视觉模拟评分（Visual Analogue Scale,VAS）评价踝部疼痛。 结果36例术后均获随访10~25个月,平均14.8个月。AOFAS由术前(62.5±14.4)分改善至术后(94.6±5.2)分（P＜0.05）。末次随访AOFAS评分优24例,良10例,可2例,优良率为94.4%;改良Baird-Jackson 评分：优26例,良9例, 可1例,优良率为97.2%。踝部疼痛VAS评分术前（7.2±0.6）分改善至术后（3.7±0.6）分(P＜0.05),末次随访评分优25例,良10例,可1例。踝关节功能及稳定性基本恢复,疼痛缓解。 结论采用带线锚钉内固定治疗陈旧性外踝撕脱骨折,重建外侧解剖结构,可恢复踝关节的功能及稳定性,手术操作简单、创伤较小,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

距腓前韧带重建结合自体骨软骨移植治疗距骨外侧中关节面软骨损伤的疗效分析

目的 探讨距腓前韧带重建结合自体骨软骨移植治疗距骨外侧中关节面软骨损伤的疗效。方法 28例距骨外侧中关节面软骨损伤患者予距腓前韧带重建结合自体骨软骨移植治疗,术前及末次随访采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价患肢疼痛,根据美国足踝医师协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分量表和踝关节活动度评价足踝功能,根据患者主观满意度调查评估手术效果。结果 均顺利完成手术,手术时间为60～75 min,均获得随访,随访时间13～62个月,平均(26.1±5.4)个月。术中发现伴有滑轨样软骨损伤4例,9例(32.1%)距腓前韧带完整,而在腓骨前缘止点切断距腓前韧带显露距骨软骨损伤病灶。VAS评分、AOFAS评分及踝关节活动度均在术后改善(均P<0.05)。末次随访手术效果调查中,特别满意24例,比较满意2例,一般满意2例。结论 距腓前韧带重建结合自体骨软骨移植可以有效缓解距骨外侧中关节面软骨损伤,距腓前韧带切断再重建可以充分显露损伤病灶,并且不会残留踝关节不稳。     

距腓前韧带解剖修复治疗伴有外侧副韧带损伤的外踝撕脱骨折的临床效果

目的 通过比较手术修复和单纯石膏固定治疗对外侧副韧带损伤伴有外踝撕脱骨折患者的临床效果,为外侧副韧带损伤合并外踝撕脱骨折患者临床治疗提供参考。方法 将2017年8月至2021年6月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院北京市昌平区中医医院治疗的63例外侧副韧带损伤伴有外踝撕脱骨折的患者纳入研究。按照手术方法将纳入患者分为两组,A组33例行距腓前韧带解剖修复手术治疗（根据骨折块大小行固定及切除手术）,B组30例行石膏固定治疗。两组治疗后定期随访观察患侧踝关节的疼痛、活动度、行走步态及运动状况等指标,比较并分析二组手术前后视觉模拟评分法（VAS）疼痛评分、美国骨科协会足踝外科分会评分（AOFAS）评分及Karlsson-Peterso踝关节功能评分、距骨前移距离。结果 两组VAS评分组间、时间及交互作用比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。其中,两组术后6、18个月低于术前,术后18个月低于术后6个月,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;A组术后6个月VAS评分低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。两组术后Karlsson评分高于术前,且A组高于B组,差异有统计学意义（...     

关节镜下复位固定胫骨平台髁间嵴撕脱骨折的效果观察

目的:探讨全关节镜下复位固定胫骨平台髁间嵴撕脱骨折的手术疗效。方法:选取行全关节镜下复位固定胫骨平台髁间嵴撕脱骨折病例7例,年龄14~27岁,平均18.7岁。病程3 h~12 d,平均4.7 d。均有明显外伤史,患膝肿痛,不敢负重。术前HSS膝关节评分为21.07±7.45,X光片及CT片可见胫骨平台髁间隆突骨折,MR见骨块与前交叉韧带相连。手术方法:均行常规关节镜前内、前外切口,关节镜下监视并采用前交叉韧带胫骨定位器临时复位并定位,通过胫骨髁前内侧钻克氏针并穿入5号肠线的办法固定骨折块。结果:7例患者均得到随访,随访时间1年,所有患者复查CT片示骨折骨性愈合,HSS膝关节功能评分为91.79±2.43,较术前差异有统计学意义(t=10.11,P<0.05)。结论:全关节镜下复位固定胫骨平台髁间嵴撕脱骨折效果肯定,术后功能恢复可靠。     

关节镜下同时重建前后交叉韧带疗效分析

目的 探讨关节镜下同时重建前后交叉韧带的方法和效果.方法 回顾分析26例前后交叉韧带同时断裂的患者,关节镜下采用自体中1/3髌韧带两端带骨块(B-PT-B)重建前交叉韧带,半腱肌和股薄肌重建后交叉韧带,随访2年,采用Lysholm评分系统评价效果.结果 平均随访48个月,Lysholm评分由术前(32±6)分提高到术后(82±5)分.结论 前后交叉韧带关节镜下同时重建能够最大程度恢复关节稳定性,改善关节功能,效果可靠.     

关节镜下应用同种异体髌腱联合重建前后交叉韧带的临床随访研究

目的 探讨关节镜下利用同种异体髌腱(骨-腱-骨组织,BPTB)联合重建前、后交叉韧带的近期临床效果.方法 收集2003年5月至2005年11月间10例前、后交叉韧带联合损伤的患者,在关节镜下利用挤压界面螺钉固定,同种异体髌腱联合重建前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带.所有患者术后随访12～30个月(平均18个月).按照国际膝关节评分委员会(international knee documental committee,IKDC)、Lysholm和Tegnar膝关节评分标准评价疗效.结果 术后无伸膝受限,最后随访时屈膝活动度为120°～135°(平均128.38°).Lysholm膝关节功能评分术前为48～78(66.5±5.6)分,终末随访时为85～96(89.8±3.4)分,手术前后有显著性差异(P＜0.01).Tegnar运动能力评价表在初次受伤前为4～9(6.9±1.7)分;伤后术前为0～3(2.2±0.6)分;随访结束时为2～9(5.5±1.6)分.受伤前和随访结束时评分无显著性差异.终末随访IKDC评分:A 4例(40.0%),B 5例(50.0%),C 1例(10.0%).10例患者中,8例恢复伤前运动水平,2例运动水平较伤前减低.结论 关节镜下同种异体髌腱联合重建前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带手术操作精细、创伤小,术后膝关节功能恢复满意.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.