关节镜下踝关节融合术12例临床报告

目的探讨关节镜在踝关节融合术中的应用及疗效。方法选择创伤性关节炎患者9例和类风湿性关节炎患者3例,应用关节镜技术行踝关节融合术,术中在关节镜辅助下清除增生的滑膜组织,刮除胫距关节表面软骨及硬化骨质,并在透视机监视下以两枚空心螺钉固定踝关节,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及踝关节评分(Kofoed评分标准)评价疗效。结果术后随访时间5~14个月,平均9个月,切口均一期愈合,术后3~6个月复查X线均显示骨性融合,其中11例融合良好,1例融合欠佳,临床处理后骨性融合。术后患者恢复行走,踝关节无肿胀及疼痛,VAS评分及Kofoed评分有统计学意义。结论关节镜辅助下治疗踝关节融合术疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

关节镜下行踝关节融合术治疗晚期顽固性踝关节疼痛的临床疗效

目的 评估关节镜下行踝关节融合术治疗晚期顽固性踝关节疼痛的疗效.方法 2005年10月～2008年1月笔者所在医院收治了20例晚期顽固性踝关节疼痛患者,均采用关节镜行踝关节融合术,镜下清除踝关节内增生充血滑膜,磨削胫距关节面已磨损的关节软骨及其硬化骨,摘除出游离体,并以两枚松质骨无头螺钉固定踝关节功能位.结果 术后平均随访26周(20～32周),20例患者术前Mazur评分平均49.5分,术后平均90.7分( P <0.05),三维步态分析术前术后比较,术后患者完全融合时间为14周(12～16周).融合率为95%.2例未达到骨性融合,经治疗,术后18周时达到骨性融合.结论 关节镜下行踝关节融合术是治疗晚期踝关节顽固性疼痛行之有效的方法.     

关节镜下距下关节融合术治疗终末期距下关节炎的疗效分析

目的评价关节镜下距下关节融合术治疗终末期距下关节炎的临床疗效。方法 2008年10月至2013年10月本科以关节镜下距下关节融合术治疗终末期距下关节炎共14例14踝,其中男性12例,女性2例,平均年龄35.5岁。包括创伤性关节炎11例,类风湿性关节炎3例。术中采用后侧入路,全镜下切除后距下关节软骨面及部分软骨下骨面。在骨面上微骨折后,透视引导下置入2枚直径7.0 mm的空心螺钉进行固定。术前及术后随访AOFAS评分及VAS评分。结果 14例患者均获得随访,随访时间平均41个月。术后8周X线片显示后距下关节均已获得骨性融合。AOFAS评分从术前53.8分改善至术后89.2分,VAS评分从术前7.8分降低至术后1.5分。结论全关节镜下距下关节融合术治疗终末期距下关节炎融合率高,并发症少,可以获得良好的临床疗效。     

踝关节内外侧入路三柱固定法踝关节融合术21例

目的:探讨经踝关节内外侧入路三柱固定法踝关节融合术的临床疗效。方法:21例踝关节疾病患者,其中,创伤性关节炎11例,类风湿性关节炎3例,骨关节炎4例,距骨坏死3例。病程1~8年,平均5.2年。术前进行VAS评分、美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分为45.6±9.3分,采用内外侧入路利用三柱固定行踝关节融合术。结果:术后随访时间1~2年,平均17.4月。21例患者术后均未出现切口感染及皮缘坏死,2例患者术后3周伤口愈合,其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后9~16周X线片提示达到骨性融合,平均12.3±0.8周。无内固定失效、融合失败等并发症发生。术后VAS评分、AOFAS踝与后足评分为82.3±4.5分,与术前比较有明显改善。结论:经踝关节内外侧入路三柱固定进行踝关节融合,具有暴露充分,操作简便,固定可靠,融合率高等特点,临床疗效良好。     

关节镜下关节融合术治疗距下关节炎

目的探讨关节镜下关节融合术治疗距下关节炎的临床效果。方法对北京大学深圳医院2007年1月~2013年5月37例距下关节炎患者行关节镜下距下关节融合术。观察患者术前及术后美国足踝外科协会评分(AOFAS)、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、优良率及融合时间。行X线检查,观察距下关节融合情况及有无关节退变。结果37例患者均成功随访,平均(22.0±3.6)个月,随访期间无感染、坏死、退行性关节炎、螺钉断裂等并发症发生。37例患者X线均提示骨性融合,平均融合时间为(12.1±0.4)周;6例(16.22%)患者可见踝关节轻度退变。AOFAS评分由术前的(52.38±4.95)分提高至末次随访的(80.25±4.36)分,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);末次随访评分,良11例,优21例,优良率为86.49%。VAS评分由术前的(5.3±1.5)分变为末次随访的(1.1±0.4)分,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论关节镜下关节融合术是微创治疗距下关节病变的有效方法,具有痛苦小、恢复快、对跟骨距骨血管损伤小、骨性融合率高、效果确切、可适当早期负重等优点,值得临床推广。     

踝关节融合术治疗终末期关节炎的临床效果研究

目的:探索关节镜下踝关节融合微创术在治疗终末期踝关节炎中的临床效果。方法:将23例符合踝关节融合术适应证的终末期踝关节炎患者纳入研究。患者均为单踝关节病变,其中左踝9例,右踝14例。采用踝前内外侧入路,关节镜辅助下清除踝关节软骨及硬软骨下骨,植入自体髂骨。记录患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后随访及骨性愈合时间;对比患者术前、术后半年及末次随访时患者踝关节总活动度(TPM)、VAS、AOFAS及SF-36评分变化情况。结果:手术时间(125.34±25.89)min,术中出血量(52.33±21.06)ml,术后7~13(10.85±2.21)周获得骨性愈合,随访16~37(27.51±3.32)个月。与术前相比,术后半年患者TPM明显扩大,VAS评分明显降低,AOFAS评分得到明显改善,SF-36评分明显提高(P<0.05)。与术后半年相比,末次随访时上述评价指标得到进一步改善。患者治疗总优良率高达95.65%。结论:关节镜下踝关节融合微创术可有效缓解疼痛,扩大患者踝关节活动范围,改善关节功能及患者生活质量。     

关节镜辅助距下关节融合术治疗距下关节炎

目的：探讨关节镜辅助距下关节融合术治疗距下关节炎的疗效。方法：选择距下关节炎患者15例,采用关节镜辅助距下关节融合术治疗,观察患者术前及末次随访的AOFAS评分、优良率、VAS评分及融合时间。结果：随访时间（22.3±3.8）个月。术前AOFAS评分、VAS疼痛评分分别为（55.6±4.5）分、（6.9±0.8）分,术后末次随访评分分别为（88.7±4.2）分、（1.5±0.4）分,术前及末次随访评分比较差异具有统计学意义（t=20.826,P=0.00;t=23.383,P=0.00）。随访期间均未出现感染、麻木、皮肤坏死、螺钉断裂等并发症。关节融合时间为（9.4±0.5）周。结论：关节镜辅助距下关节融合术创伤小,对跟骨和距骨的血供破坏少,且操作简便,患者痛苦小,临床疗效较佳,值得临床推广。     

改良外侧入路距下关节植骨融合术在严重跟骨骨折畸形愈合中的应用

目的:分析改良外侧入路距下关节植骨融合术在严重跟骨骨折畸形愈合中的作用。方法:选取严重跟骨骨折畸形愈合患者25例,均予以改良外侧入路距下关节植骨融合术,术后早期适当给予踝关节功能锻炼,观察手术前后患者距骨跟骨角、距骨第1跖骨角及足部功能改善情况;术后定期随访,记录并发症发生情况。结果:术后12个月,患者距骨跟骨角、距骨第1跖骨角、美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)评分均较术前明显改善(P<0.01)。术后随访(19.6±5.7)个月,患者切口均一期愈合,未见切口感染、皮缘坏死、跟骨骨质外露等并发症发生。末次随访时,患者足部功能优13例,良9例,差3例,优良率高达88.0%。结论:改良外侧入路距下关节植骨融合术具有入路安全、显露清晰、愈合率高、并发症少等优点,可作为严重跟骨骨折畸形愈合的良好选择。     

关节镜下踝关节融合术在创伤性踝关节炎中的应用效果

目的:探究关节镜下踝关节融合术在创伤性踝关节炎中的应用效果。方法:选取90例创伤性踝关节炎患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,每组45例。对照组给予开放踝关节融合术治疗,观察组给予关节镜下踝关节融合术治疗,比较两组AOFAS踝-后足评分优良率和生命质量评分。结果:术后1年,观察组AOFAS踝-后足评分优良率为77.78%,明显高于对照组的53.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1年,观察组生命质量评分为(80.84±9.67)分,明显高于对照组的(70.36±9.14),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:关节镜下踝关节融合术可提高创伤性踝关节炎患者AOFAS踝-后足优良率和术后1年生命质量评分,效果优于开放踝关节融合术治疗。     

微创距下关节融合术治疗距下关节创伤性关节炎

跟骨关节内骨折,尤其是粉碎性骨折,如果漏诊误治或治疗不当,患者远期往往发生距下关节创伤性关节炎.残留局部疼痛,行走困难,会影响其日常生活和工作.目前,距下关节融合术仍是治疗距下关节创伤性关节炎的首选方法.既往距下关节融合术多采用后外侧切口、弧形或L型切口,这些切口对软组织损伤大,术后易发生切口感染、不愈合等并发症.笔者采用微创距下关节融合术治疗该类患者,短期效果良好,现报告如下.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.