BMSCs联合硫酸软骨素酶ABC移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的研究

目的:探究BMSCs联合硫酸软骨素酶ABC(Ch ABC)移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的研究。方法:选取新生SD大鼠股骨、胫骨骨髓分离培养鉴定出MSCs,对贴壁培养的BMSCs进行神经诱导培养。取成年雄性SD大鼠32只,体重200~260 g,利用大鼠T10脊髓半横断模型进行半横断,脊髓损伤模型制备完成后,随机分为对照组(A组)、BMSCs组(B组)、硫酸软骨霉素ABC注射组(C组)和硫酸软骨霉素ABC联合BMSCs移植组(D组),每组8只。伤后1~2周采用BBB评分法评价大鼠后肢运动功能,伤后2周取材行HE染色计算损伤区面积,采用免疫荧光染色法观察BMSCs分化为功能性神经细胞的情况。结果:统计分析1~2周后四组大鼠的BBB评分情况,D组大鼠明显高于其余三组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但A组、B组、C组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);对比2周后四组大鼠的损伤区面积,D组大鼠损伤区面积明显小于A组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),A组、B组、C组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);通过荧光染色后对CSPG区域荧光强度的观察,四组大鼠比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),GFAP/GAP方面D组明显大于A、B、C三组,四组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用BMSCs联合硫酸软骨霉素ABC可促进神经纤维再生,对大鼠脊髓损伤修复有一定促进作用。     

硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖酶结合骨髓基质干细胞修复亚急性大鼠脊髓挤压伤的实验研究

目的 分析大鼠亚急性脊髓损伤(SCI)后联合应用骨髓基质干细胞移植和硫酸软骨素酶ABC的可行性,并探讨其相互作用.方法 取新生SD大鼠的股骨和胫骨分离培养MSCs,调整细胞浓度为2.0×105/cm2备用.取体质量220～240g健康成年雄性SD大鼠24只制备SCI动物模型,并随机分为4组,A组对照组,B、C、D组每组6只,分别于SCI损伤区注射5μLMSCs;5μL硫酸软骨素酶(ChABC)和ChABC+MSCs.采用BBB评分法评价伤后1、2、3、7、14d大鼠双后肢的运动功能.伤后14d取材行HE染色并计算损伤区最大横径和坏死总面积;行GFAP-CS56、GFAP-GAP-43和GFAP-NF160免疫荧光染色评价神经纤维束的再生情况.结果 损伤后算14天BBB评分结果示,A组与B、C、D组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、D组及C、D组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C组间无显著性差异.HE染色显示14天时各组均有空洞形成,伤后坏死总面积比较,B、C、D组与A组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05),B、C、D三组之间D组与前两组比较存在显著性差异(P<0.05).免疫组织化学染色示,A组GFAP反应最强,损伤区空洞明显可见且范围大于其他三组,D组介于B、C组之间;B、C和D组的GAP-43表达增多,且以D组为最:D组损伤区内的神经纤维通过明显多于其他三组.结论 硫酸软骨素酶ABC联合骨髓基质干细胞移植对脊髓损伤有一定修复作用.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植联用褪黑素对大鼠脊髓损伤修复的影响

目的:观察骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植联用褪黑素(MT)对大鼠脊髓损伤修复的影响,并对其作用机制进行探讨。方法:首先采用密度梯度离心法分离培养大鼠BMSCs,以Brdu标记细胞核。然后将48只SD大鼠用改良Allen法制备T10脊髓损伤模型,并随机平均分为MT+BMSCs组、BMSCs组、MT组、模型对照组,另取12只作为空白对照组。分别于造模后1d、3d、7d、14d、21d行神经功能BBB评分及斜板试验,免疫组化检测带标记的BMSCs迁移情况,显微镜下观察移植后脊髓形态结构变化。结果:术后神经功能BBB评分及斜板试验结果MT+BMSCs组优于BMSCs组(P<0.05),BMSCs组优于MT及模型对照组(P<0.05);MT+BMSCs组及BMSCs组损伤阶段脊髓内可见Brdu标记阳性BMSCs存活,且阳性数目前者多于后者,灰质分布较白质多,以注射部位向周围损伤组织迁移;同时显微镜下可观察到MT+BMSCs组脊髓损伤区无明显空腔,空泡小而少,并可见较多神经纤维及细胞。结论:BMSCs联合MT移植促进大鼠损伤脊髓结构和功能恢复的效果明显优于单纯细胞移植组,两者联用具有协同效应。     

脊髓损伤模型大鼠神经行为与脊髓病理变化的相关性

目的 观察电控打击脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)模型大鼠神经行为及脊髓病理变化.方法 采用自行研制的电控大鼠脊髓损伤打击器建立大鼠脊髓损伤模型,观察脊髓损伤后Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB)评分、免疫组化及病理变化特点.结果 SCI后3 d BBB评分(1.0±0.7)开始增加,7d时显著明显增加至(4.2±1.3)分,28 d时BBB评分达(7.2±1.3)分.HE染色可观察到SCI后脊髓灰、白质组织结构不完整,大量神经元变性坏死、细胞肿胀、胶质细胞增生.免疫组化显示SCI伤后2h神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)阳性细胞灰度值、神经丝蛋白-200(NF200)阳性轴突灰度值减少,24 h最低,3d开始恢复,28 d仍未恢复正常(P＜0.05);SCI伤后3d胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)阳性细胞数量增多,14 d达到高峰,28 d有所回落(P＜0.05).NSE、NF200、GFAP的变化与BBB评分呈显著相关(r=0.856,0.856,0.795,均P＜0.01).结论 电控打击脊髓损伤模型大鼠NSE、NF、GFAP的变化反映了脊髓损伤的病理变化,与脊髓损伤后的神经行为密切相关.     

BMSCs并BDNF移植治疗大鼠陈旧性脊髓损伤效果

目的探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)并脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)移植治疗大鼠陈旧性脊髓损伤的效果。方法对48只Wistar大鼠采用改良的ALLEN撞击法建立脊髓损伤模型,将其随机分为4组,4周后4组分别注射BMSCs+BDNF、BMSCs、BDNF及DMEM干预。分别于移植后1、2、4周采用BBB评分评估大鼠后肢运动情况,并于移植后4周采用免疫组化法检测BMSCs在脊髓损伤部位的分布,及生长相关蛋白43(GAP-43)的表达。结果移植后4周,BMSCs+BDNF组及BMSCs组的BMSCs在脊髓损伤部位均得以存活。BMSCs+BDNF组与BMSCs组及BDNF组比较,脊髓空洞较少并且GAP-43阳性表达面积较高(F=35.57,q=4.97～25.84,P<0.05)。BMSCs+BDNF组BBB评分与其他组比较,差异有显著性(F=27.51,q=3.89～11.57,P<0.05)。结论 BMSCs+BDNF联合移植对于大鼠陈旧性脊髓损伤有较好的修复作用。     

红花黄素对骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的影响

目的:通过研究红花黄素对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤(SCI)的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:骨髓细胞贴壁法分离、培养、扩增BMSCs,并进行腺病毒介导的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记。45只SD大鼠行改良Allen法制备SCI模型后,随机分为红花黄素组、单纯BMSCs组和PBS组,红花黄素组于损伤脊髓局部注入GFP-BMSCs,腹腔注射红花黄素40 mg/kg;单纯BMSCs组脊髓注入GFP-BMSCs,PBS组注入同体积0.9%氯化钠溶液。术后1、2、3、4、7 d检测损伤脊髓组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;分别于7、14、21、28 d检测损伤脊髓组织神经元特异性核蛋白(NeuN)和神经生长因子(NGF)表达,BBB评分法进行后肢运动功能评分。结果:红花黄素组BBB评分、脊髓损伤局部SOD活性及NeuN和NGF的表达均明显高于单纯BMSCs组和PBS组(P<0.05),而MDA含量较低(P<0.05)。结论:红花黄素通过抑制脊髓自由基生成、减轻脂质过氧化、上调NeuN和NGF表达而增强骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的效果。     

BMSCs联合人发角蛋白移植治疗陈旧性脊髓损伤效果

目的研究骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)联合人发角蛋白支架复合体移植治疗陈旧性脊髓损伤可行性。方法体外采用全骨髓贴壁筛选法原代培养大鼠BMSCs,移植前应用5溴-2脱氧尿嘧啶(BrdU)标记。采用改良Allen打击法制备大鼠陈旧性脊髓损伤模型,随机分为对照组、单纯BMSCs移植组、BMSCs联合人发角蛋白移植组,每组10只,采用立体定位移植方法分别于各组脊髓损伤部位植入细胞培养基、BMSCs悬液、人发角蛋白+BMSCs细胞悬液。移植后第1、2、4、8周应用动物后肢运动功能评分法(BBB)对大鼠后肢运动功能进行评分;移植后第8周处死大鼠,取T9~T11节段脊髓组织制备切片,采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法观察脊髓组织大体形态,免疫组化方法检测BrdU阳性细胞的存活及移植细胞的分化情况。结果单纯BMSCs移植组、BMSCs联合人发角蛋白移植组各时段大鼠BBB评分均优于对照组,BMSCs联合人发角蛋白移植组优于单纯BMSCs移植组,差异均有显著性(F=25.64,q=11.86~20.79,P<0.05)。HE染色观察见3组脊髓均严重受损,灰白质界限模糊,均有空洞和坏死瘢痕组织,BMSCs联合人发角蛋白移植组空洞较其余两组少。BMSCs联合人发角蛋白移植组移植部位以及头尾端距离移植中心约1 cm处均可见BrdU染色阳性细胞及BrdU+神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)阳性细胞。结论 BMSCs联合人发角蛋白移植后移植细胞可以存活并分化为神经元样和神经胶质样细胞,有效促进陈旧性脊髓损伤大鼠模型后肢功能的恢复,其效果较单纯干细胞移植显著。     

额尔敦·乌日勒对大鼠脊髓损伤后Nogo-A的调节作用

目的观察蒙药额尔敦·乌日勒在大鼠脊髓不完全损伤后的神经修复作用,探讨其对NogoA表达的调节作用。方法把成年Wistar大鼠48只随机分为损伤组(A组)和治疗组(B组),每组24只。利用改良Allen’s方法建立脊髓不完全损伤模型。损伤后用额尔敦·乌日勒对B组进行灌胃治疗。将A、B组分为3、7、14 d 3个时间点,每个时间点8只。分别在3个时间点对A、B组大鼠的运动功能进行BBB评分,评分完毕处死动物并取受损节段脊髓行免疫组化染色观察Nogo-A在脊髓组织中的分布情况,同时进行阳性细胞计数,并作比较。结果 A、B组大鼠的运动功能在损伤后都有不同程度的恢复,B组7 d和14 d的BBB评分明显高于A组对应时间点,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Nogo-A蛋白在B组的表达量显著低于A组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论大鼠脊髓损伤后Nogo-A表达明显升高,额尔敦·乌日勒具有抑制Nogo-A表达的作用。     

排斥导向分子B对大鼠脊髓损伤后功能恢复的影响

目的：探讨排斥导向分子（repulsive guidance molecule,RGM）Ｂ在大鼠脊髓损伤后的表达规律及其与脊髓功能恢复的相关性。方法：成年雄性SD大鼠65只,随机分成３组,A组：不应用硫酸软骨素酶ABC（chondroitinase ABC,ChABC）降解25只;B组：应用硫酸软骨素酶降解20只;C组：假手术组只暴露脊髓20只。A、B、C 3组分别在术后相同时间位点观察记录动物肢体运动情况并处死动物进行标本检测。采用BBB（Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan）评分法评价大鼠后肢的感觉、运动功能;HE染色计算损伤区总面积;Real-time PCR检测RGMB mRNA的表达;应用免疫荧光检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白（glial fibrillary acidic pro－tein,GFAP）及神经丝蛋白-200（neurofilament-200,NF-200）双标表达情况。结果：伤后2~4周同一时间段B组BBB评分显著高于A组（P＜0.05）;伤后2周HE染色结果表明,2组损伤区均有空洞形成,B组损伤区面积显著小于A组（P＜0.05）;伤后2到4周GFAP/NF-200双重免疫荧光染色示B组GFAP表达逐渐下调,A组荧光强度值显著高于B组（P＜0.05）;NF-200免疫组化染色阳性纤维穿过损伤区,B组荧光强度值显著高于A组（P＜0.05）;RGMB mRNA表达量B组显著较A组下降（P＜0.05）。结论：微环境中的RGMB浓度在大鼠脊髓损伤后与其后期脊髓功能恢复呈负相关,RGMB抑制剂可能对临床治疗脊髓损伤有一定作用。     

神经干细胞移植对大鼠脊髓损伤后Caspase-3和c-fos表达的影响

目的研究神经干细胞移植对大鼠脊髓损伤后Caspase-3和c-fos表达的影响。方法 SD大鼠45只,随机分成3组(n=15):假手术组、脊髓损伤模型组(模型组)和神经干细胞移植组。假手术组仅打开锥板但不离断脊髓;模型组动物锥板打开后横向断开脊髓,止血并逐层缝合;神经干细胞移植组椎板打开后横向断开脊髓,止血并注入神经干细胞悬液,再逐层缝合。手术后1、2、3和14 d对大鼠进行神经功能评分(BBB评分)。14 d后处死动物,取脊髓组织,部分用于制备切片并进行TUNEL标记,检测神经细胞(神经元)的凋亡;对另一部分脊髓组织进行蛋白提取,Western blotting检测Caspase-3和c-fos蛋白的表达。结果与假手术组相比,模型组和神经干细胞移植组BBB评分均显著下降(P<0.05);但神经干细胞移植组神经功能改善情况好于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组和神经干细胞移植组的细胞凋亡率均显著高于假手术组(P<0.05);神经干细胞移植组细胞凋亡率明显低于模型组(P<0.05)。Western blotting检测结果显示,模型组和神经干细胞移植组大鼠脊髓组织中Caspase-3和c-fos的表达量显著高于假手术组(P<0.05);神经干细胞移植组大鼠脊髓组织中Caspase-3和c-fos的表达量显著低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论在大鼠脊髓损伤后,神经干细胞移植能够加快大鼠损伤后的恢复并降低细胞凋亡率,使Caspase-3和c-fos的表达量减少,对大鼠脊髓损伤具有治疗作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.