心脏死亡供者肾移植48例临床分析

目的:探讨终末期肾病患者接受心脏死亡无偿器官捐献(DCD)供者移植后的恢复情况及此类供体对受者及移植物术后的影响。方法:对48例终末期肾病患者接受DCD捐献的肾脏后行同种异体肾移植术,并对其术前和术后的诊疗及随访血肌酐、移植物及受者存活情况进行回顾性分析。结果:48例受者中无1例出现移植肾原发性无功能(PNF),18例受者术后出现肾功能延迟恢复(DGF),其发生率为37.5%,DGF组与无DGF组受者及移植肾生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(分别P=0.098,P=0.447)。48例受者中有7例(14.6%)受者移植肾丢失,其他41例受者随访时间为0.5~23(中位数8)个月,39例(95.1%)受者移植肾功能恢复正常。在1,3,6,12个月移植物的存活率分别为95.7%,93.0%,90.0%,87.5%,患者的存活率分别为100%,94.9%,90.0%,87.5%。结论:在我国尚无脑死亡法的环境下,DCD是解决我国器官移植界瓶颈的重要手段,是器官来源的重要部分,并且有着较好的短中期预后。     

早期排斥反应致移植肾功能延迟恢复的临床分析

目的探讨肾移植术后早期排斥反应所致移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)的诊断、治疗方案及效果,对远期人/肾存活的影响。方法回顾分析1999年4月~2003年4月肾移植术后早期排斥反应所致DGF患者的临床资料,共35例。结果24例术后无尿,11例术后2~5d出现少尿、无尿。经临床、彩超、移植肾穿刺活检诊断为排斥反应。所有患者接受ATG加FK506加MMF加Pred免疫抑制方案,定期透析。治疗后平均来尿时间为25d(10~98d),6个月内32例肾功能恢复正常,3年人存活率97.14%(34/35),移植肾存活率94.29%(33/35)。32例有功能肾患者的平均尿量为(1 986.4±869.7)ml/d,血肌酐(101.5±57.3)μmol/L,尿素氮(7.9±2.76)mmol/L。结论早期排斥反应所致DGF应尽早采用ATG加FK506加MMF加Pred免疫抑制方案,绝大多数都能恢复,远期人/肾存活良好。     

中国标准Ⅲ类心脏死亡供者肾移植21例临床分析

目的：探讨单中心开展心脏死亡器官捐献(donation after cardiac death,DCD)肾移植的临床效果。方法回顾性分析解放军第309医院2012年4月-2014年9月21例心脏死亡器官捐献肾移植供受者的随访资料。结果14例DCD供者中,因热缺血时间过长放弃2例,共捐献24个肾,21例于我院行单肾移植。受者随访1~28个月,其中术后移植肾原发性无功能(primary non-function,PNF)发生率为4.8%(1/21);移植肾功能延迟恢复(delayed graft function,DGF)发生率为38.1%(8/21);急性排斥反应(acute rejection,AR)发生率为19.1%(4/21)。移植肾切除2例(9.5%,2/21),1例移植肾破裂切除,1例因PNF切除;余19例肾功能恢复正常;受者带功死亡2例(9.5%,2/21),1例肺部感染死亡,1例因车祸死亡。术后6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月人/肾存活率分别为95.2%/85.7%、95.2%/85.7%、90.5%/80.9%、90.5%/80.9%。结论中国标准Ⅲ类DCD供体,移植受者具有较好的短期人/肾存活率,是缓解器官供体来源短缺的重要潜在方法。     

158例亲属活体肾移植的临床研究

目的:分析亲属活体肾移植资料,总结亲属活体肾移植的经验。方法:158例亲属活体肾移植中除7例为夫妻间供肾外其余为血缘亲属供肾。供、受者HLA有5个抗原错配者2例,4个抗原错配5例,3个抗原错配88例,2个抗原错配50例,1个抗原错配12例,无抗原错配1例。158例供者均经开放手术取肾。35例取供者右肾,123例取左肾,术后采用环孢素A(CsA)或普乐可复（FK506)、霉酚酸酯（MMF)及强的松（Pred)免疫抑制治疗。结果:所有158例供者均健康存活,6个月和1年时血肌酐正常。受者健康存活最长者至2008年6月已达10年, 1年带肾健康存活率95.5％,5例发生移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF),其中4例2~5周肾功能恢复正常。死亡5例,其中1例术后发生DGF,透析期间死亡,另4例术后3~5月因肺部感染死亡。1例发生超急性排斥反应,术中切除移植肾脏,行第2次尸体肾移植。5例在移植后1月内发生急性排斥反应,发生率为3.16％,其中4例经甲基强的松龙（MP)冲击治疗后逆转,另1例合并CsA肾中毒,治疗无效,恢复透析治疗。3例1年半至3年半发生慢性排斥,移植肾丧失功能。8例发生肺部感染,4例治愈。结论:活体肾移植由于术前准备充分、组织相容程度高、供肾质量好等优点,使DGF和急性排斥反应等发生率低,人肾存活率高。活体亲属供肾移植同样要重视DGF的预防,排斥反应的防治,免疫抑制剂的合理使用和继发感染等并发症的防治。加强对活体家属供者的规范选择和全面的健康评估、加强长期随访对保证减少供者伤、使供者健康存活、正常生活工作非常重要。     

雷帕霉素联合环孢霉素A在肾移植受者中的应用

目的观察雷帕霉素联合环孢霉素A防治肾移植急性排斥反应的效果,探索新的免疫抑制方案。方法将该院2004年1月～2004年8月施行的尸体肾移植的受者共89例,分成两组,分别给予“CsA+MMF+Pred”方案(43例)和“CsA+RAPA+Pred”方案(46例),观察两组受者移植后3个月急性排斥反应发生率、肾功能、感染率及恶性肿瘤发生率、受者和移植肾存活情况。结果RAPA组受者急性排斥反应发生率明显降低(7.0%/20.9%),发生时间推迟(44.3±6.24/35.0±5.48)d,肾功能恢复提前(4.8±2.04/5.9±2.1)d。结论“CsA+RAPA+Pred”方案可以有效降低排斥反应发生率,促进肾功能恢复。     

肾移植受者他克莫司和环孢素A单中心3年随访比较

目的比较近年来分别以他克莫司(tacrolimus,TAC)和环孢素A(ciclosporin A,CSA)为基础的免疫抑制方案受者随访资料,探讨TAC在肾移植受者中应用的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析3年间首次接受肾移植术者的临床资料,术后接受的免疫抑制方案均为CSA/TAC+吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)+泼尼松(Pred),定期随访3年以上,观察TAC和CSA组急性排斥和慢性排斥反应发生、肾穿刺活检、人/肾3年内存活状况、血清肌酐值、肝功能、血糖及血脂水平、感染、药物不良反应。结果入选病例共315例,CSA组98例,TAC组217例,随访时间36～73个月,CSA组和TAC组在性别、年龄、体重、供肾类型、人白细胞抗原(HLA)错配、DGF、抗体诱导治疗方面差异无统计学意义,CSA组和TAC组人/肾存活率和术后1、6、12、24、36个月血肌酐水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CSA组急性排斥反应事件、高脂血症发生率较高(P<0.05,P<0.01),两组肝功能损害、感染发生率、病理证实的慢性移植物肾病(chronic allograft nephropathy,CAN)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但TAC组糖尿病或糖耐量异常发生率明显高于CSA组(P<0.01)。结论 TAC是一种高效的免疫抑制剂,已成为肾移植受者广泛使用的免疫抑制剂。与CSA比较,TAC治疗者不仅急性排斥反应的发生率低,更可以有效预防CAN,因此可能获得长期良好的肾功能,心血管疾病危险性也较低,但需注意肾移植术后糖尿病的发生,TAC剂量个体化非常重要。     

国际标准化心脏死亡捐献肾移植受者的预后分析

目的 探讨国际标准化心脏死亡捐献(DCD)肾移植受者的预后.方法 对14例接受DCD肾移植患者术前和术后的诊疗及随访情况进行回顾性分析.结果 14例受者中,3例术后早期肾功能恢复正常(IGF),7例肾功能缓慢恢复正常(SGF),4例肾功能延迟恢复(DGF).发生急性排斥反应(AR)4例,慢性排斥反应(CR)3例.1、3、5年人存活率为92.9%、85.7%、85.7%,1、3、5年肾存活率为92.9%、78.6%、78.6%.结论 DCD是解决我国器官移植面临的器官短缺的一个非常有潜力的办法,长期效果有待进一步观察.     

亲属活体肾移植受者119例临床总结

目的 回顾总结亲属活体肾移植受者围手术期的临床特点.方法 收集119例亲属活体肾移植受者对照同期234例尸体肾移植受者,比较两组供肾热、冷缺血时间、供肾血管长度、植肾手术时间、术后平均住院时间、供受者HLA错配率、术后3 d血肌酐下降速度、DGF发生率、急排发生率、1年人/肾存活率.结果 亲属活体肾移植组供肾血管长度、供肾热、冷缺血时间、术后平均住院时间、HLA六位点法错配率、DGF、急排发生率均明显小于尸体肾移植组(P<0.01),而手术时间、术后3 d血清肌酐下降速度、1年人/肾存活率亲属活体肾移植组均明显大于尸体肾移植组(P<0.01).结论 亲属活体肾移植的近期临床疗效明显优于尸体肾移植,远期(>1年)的临床效果比较有待进一步追踪观察.在有条件、技术成熟的移植中心亲属活体肾移植是患者家族内自救互救的重要途径.     

单中心儿童抢先肾移植回顾性分析

目的探讨对终末期肾脏病(ESRD)患儿行抢先肾移植的临床效果。方法 2007年1月至2019年5月郑州大学第一附属医院共进行了202例儿童肾移植手术,其中12例为抢先移植。通过收集12例肾脏移植供受者临床资料,对ESRD儿童抢先移植的临床效果进行回顾性分析。结果供肾中亲属活体(LD)与公民死亡捐献(DD)比例为11∶1,供受者男女比例均为8∶4,供者平均年龄为(13.89±4.52)岁,供者平均体质量为(39.33±8.75)kg,受者平均年龄为(13.61±1.70)岁,受者平均体质量为(39.00±4.67)kg。12例供肾动静脉均为单支,手术顺利,术前及术后1 d、1周、3个月、6个月、12个月、12～83个月血肌酐水平分别为(660.11±104.03)、(219.78±22.45)、(90.67±18.01)、(80.56±12.77)、(74.00±11.82)、(88.33±9.54)、(84.54±13.68)mol·L~(-1)。1例亲属活体供肾者最近1次随访肾功能为109 mol·L~(-1),肾功能良好。所有受者均未发生肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)。1例LD受体术后4周发生移植肾感染,充分引流,接受敏感抗生素等治疗后恢复;1例DD受者术后8个月发生急性T细胞介导排斥反应(穿刺活检证实),接受甲强龙激素冲击治疗后好转。术后随访时间中位数为16.5(5～83)个月,随访至今人肾存活率100%,所有受者术后12个月肾功能及1例亲属供者术后肾功能均稳定。结论抢先肾移植可使ESRD患儿获益,避免透析相关并发症是其主要优势,在较大的移植中心可开展。     

肾移植的随访体会

目的总结肾移植临床经验,减少并发症,提高远期人、肾存活率。方法随访161例肾移植受者术后3-7年人、肾存活情况及并发症,分析术前、术中、术后并发症对移植受者人、肾存活率的影响。结果人、肾存活率88.75%和86.8%,主要并发症为高脂血症、高血压、慢性移植肾肾病、感染、排斥反应和移植肾功能延迟恢复（DGF）。结论良好术前准备、娴熟的手术技术、严格的术后管理,是手术成功、减少术后外科并发症的关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.