强迫症患者脑结构异常的多模态研究

目的探讨强迫症患者脑灰质和白质结构改变是否在同一样本中反映了相同环路的异常。方法对54例强迫症患者(强迫症组)和54名健康对照(对照组)进行3D结构磁共振成像扫描和弥散张量成像扫描。基于SPM分析软件,采用基于体素的形态学分析方法分析强迫症组全脑灰质体积与对照组的差异;基于FSL软件,采用基于纤维束示踪的空间统计学探讨强迫症组各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)与对照组的差异。结果与对照组相比,强迫症组左侧额中回、左侧前扣带和旁扣带脑回、左侧中央前回及右侧颞下回灰质体积减小(P<0.05,Alphasim校正),胼胝体体部和胼胝体膝部FA值减小(P<0.05,FWE校正)。结论强迫症患者的灰质体积和白质完整性均存在异常,且异常区域多位于皮质-纹状体-丘脑-皮质环路相关脑区,强迫症的灰、白质结构异常可能同时出现。     

帕罗西汀联合认知行为疗法治疗青少年强迫症疗效分析

目的 研究帕罗西汀联合认知行为疗法对青少年强迫症的疗效.方法 对30例服用帕罗西汀效果不佳的青少年强迫症患者,采用帕罗西汀合并认知行为疗法治疗,应用Hamilton焦虑量表(HAMA)、Yole-Brown强迫量表(Y-BOCS)和临床疗效总评量表(CGI-SI)于治疗前及治疗第2、4、8周末进行测评.以Y-BOCS减...     

儿童青少年强迫症研究进展

儿童青少年强迫症是儿童青少年期常见的精神障碍之一.本文就儿童青少年强迫症病因,临床表现、诊断、治疗以及预后等方面的研究进展进行综述.     

强迫症首次发病未服药患者脑静息态低频振幅研究

目的 探讨强迫症首次发病未服药患者静息脑神经活动的特点.方法 采用磁共振成像低频振幅(ALFF)方法,对昆明医学院第一附属医院22例强迫症患者(患者组)和22名健康志愿者(对照组)静息态脑血氧水平依赖(BOLD)信号活动的改变进行分析;采用功能磁共振成像技术进行数据采集,计算出各受试者的ALFF值;采用两样本t检验,以P<0.001水平统计患者组与对照组的差异.结果 与对照组比较,患者组BOLD信号ALFF改变只存在增高的区域,主要分布在左前扣带回和左中扣带回;未发现患者组左前中扣带回的ALFF值与病程(r=0.004,P=0.985)、年龄(r=0.090,P=0.689)和受教育程度(r=0.048,P=0.831)、Yale-Brown强迫量表总分(r=0.007,P=0.977)、强迫思维分量表分(r=0.140,P=0.530)和强迫行为分量表分(r=0.100,P=0.660)的相关性.结论 静息状态下强迫症患者脑神经活动的ALFF存在异常,ALFF增高可能反映了患者大脑异常的情绪及行为监控.

Abstract：

Objective To study the changes of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of the resting-fMRI in the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods The resting-fMRI data of 22 OCD patients and 22 healthy controls were performed ALFF analysis. The amplitude of the blood oxygenation level dependent activation of the resting-state brain was investigated. Results The increased ALFF was only found in first-episode, drug-native OCD group compared with controls. The regions with increased ALFF were the left anterior cingulate and left middle cingulate gyrus (P<0. 001, corrected,K≥33). No significant correlations between ALFF value in these regions and course of disease (r = 0. 004,P = 0. 985) , age (r = 0. 090, P = 0. 689) and level of education (r = 0. 048 , P =0. 831) , no significant correlations between ALFF value and Y-BOCS score (r= 0.007, P= 0.977) , obsessive score (r=0. 140,P =0.530) and compulsive score (r=0. 100, P = 0.660) were found. Conclusion Abnormal ALFF may exist in OCD in the resting-state. The increased ALFF might reflect the strengthening of the emotional management and action monitoring.     

儿童孤独症的脑扩散张量成像研究

目的 研究孤独症儿童脑扩散张量成像的异常.方法 对24例孤独症儿童(孤独症组)和10名正常儿童(正常对照组)进行脑扩散张量成像扫描,测量并比较两组的双侧胼胝体膝部、压部和双侧内囊后肢表观扩散系数(ADC值)和各向异性分数(FA值),分析孤独症儿童各被检测部位ADC值、FA值与孤独症治疗评估量表(ATEC)得分的相关性.结果 (1)孤独症组双侧内囊后肢[左右侧分别为(6.8±0.3)×10-9 mm2/s和(6.7±0.4)×10-9 mm2/s]、左侧胼胝体膝部[(8.0±0.5)×10-9 mm2/s]ADC值高于对照组[分别为(6.6±0.2)×10-9 mm2/s,(6.6±0.4)×10-9 mm2/s,(7.4±0.5)×10-9 mm2/s;P＜0.05～0.01];孤独症组右侧胼胝体压部(0.73±0.14)FA值低于正常对照组(0.84±0.07;P＜0.05),孤独症组右侧胼胝体膝部(0.75±0.07)FA值高于正常对照组(0.68±0.17;P＜0.05).(2)孤独症组右侧胼胝体压部ADC值与ATEC健康/行为评分呈正相关(r=0.490),右侧胼胝体压部FA值与ATEC说话/语言评分呈负相关(r=-0.453),右胼胝体膝部FA值与社交评分呈正相关(r=0.427),均P＜0.05.(3)孤独症组内囊后肢、胼胝体膝部FA值左右侧的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 孤独症儿童胼胝体神经纤维连接存在异常.     

儿童青少年抑郁症影像学研究进展

近年来,儿童青少年抑郁患者越来越多,并可导致严重的后果,有研究表明儿童青少年抑郁症患者存在脑部结构及功能的改变,本文综述了近几年来儿童青少年抑郁症相关脑影像学研究进展.     

儿童青少年强迫障碍临床特征和生物学研究进展

介绍儿童青少年强迫障碍的临床特征以及神经生物学和治疗方面的研究进展。     

强迫症病理性认知特征及其心理治疗的研究进展

强迫症是临床上常见的一种慢性精神障碍，其症状表现及背后的认知特征具有一定的复杂性，心理治疗方法主要以传统认知行为治疗、“第三代”认知行为治疗以及一些具有其他特色的心理治疗技术为主，这些治疗技术具有各自的侧重点。现就强迫症患者的神经认知、自知力、认知及元认知信念、社会认知的缺陷及其心理治疗技术进行阐述，旨在了解强迫症患者的病理性认知特征，并在此基础上为强迫症患者提供更具针对性的治疗方案。     

强迫症患者抑制功能受损的脑影像学特征

目的分析强迫症患者是否存在抑制功能受损,及其抑制功能受损的脑影像学特征。方法16例首次发病未用药的强迫症患者(强迫症组)和18名健康对照者(对照组)完成测查抑制功能的Go-Nogo任务,同步采集被试者任务态脑影像数据。采用方差分析比较强迫症组和对照组在Go条件和Nogo条件下平均反应时和反应正确率的组间差异,以及在成功反应抑制与错误监测过程中脑激活特征的组间差异。结果在Nogo条件下,强迫症组的正确率显著低于对照组(0.85±0.08比0.93±0.51;t=-3.06,P<0.05);在错误监测过程中,2组大脑激活模式存在差异,强迫症组双侧颞下回(左侧:t=3.11;右侧:t=2.71)、右侧额中回(t=2.52)、右侧海马旁回(t=2.53)、左侧后扣带回(t=3.03)大脑活动增强(均P<0.05);双侧壳核(左侧:t=-3.03;右侧:t=-3.12)、右侧额下回(t=-3.29)、右侧额上回(t=-3.12)、右侧中央前回(t=-2.91)大脑活动显著降低(均P<0.05)。结论强迫症患者存在抑制功能受损,在错误监测过程中相关脑区的功能活动存在异常。     

强迫症团体认知行为治疗与药物治疗的随机对照研究

目的分析团体认知行为治疗(group cognitive-behavioral therapy,GCBT)对强迫症患者的疗效。方法本研究采用随机对照试验设计,与常规抗强迫药物治疗做对照。将符合入组标准的94例未用药强迫症患者,采用Excel软件中的RAND函数产生随机数字表形成随机分组序列的简单随机分组法,随机分为GCBT组(47例)和药物治疗组(47例)。经12周的结构化GCBT治疗和常规抗强迫药物治疗,采用t检验、卡方检验和方差分析比较2组间Y-BOCS、HAMA14和HAMD24平均减分率和减分值的差异。结果(1)2组基线Y-BOCS及HAMA14评分差异无统计学意义(t=0.281,P=0.779;t=0.795,P=0.429),但GCBT组HAMD24评分显著低于药物治疗组(t=2.316,P<0.05)。2组各有16例患者退出治疗,总脱落率为34%(32/94)。(2)12周治疗结束时,2组患者的Y-BOCS评分较基线显著降低,GCBT组和药物治疗组治疗前后Y-BOCS平均减分率[(37.0±27.4)%比(45.5±22.9)%]和平均减分值[(9.0±6.3)分比(11.0±5.8)分]比较差异无统计学意义[F(1,62)=0.069,P=0.794;F(1,62)=0.001,P=0.975]。GCBT组和药物治疗组的有效率和治愈率差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.653,P=0.199;χ^2=0.088,P=0.767)。(3)GCBT组HAMA14减分率和减分值与药物治疗组治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(t=-0.922,P=0.362;t=1.082,P=0.286)。(4)GCBT组HAMD24减分率与药物治疗组治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义,但药物治疗组HAMD24减分值显著高于GCBT组(t=2.239,P=0.029)。结论GCBT与常规抗强迫药物治疗强迫症患者的强迫和焦虑症状的疗效相当,常规药物治疗对抑郁症状的疗效优于GCBT。     

Preliminary investigation of web-camera delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder

This study reports a waitlist controlled randomized trial of family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy delivered via web-camera (W-CBT) in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Thirty-one primarily Caucasian youth with OCD (range = 7-16 years; 19 male) were randomly assigned to W-CBT or a Waitlist control. Assessments were conducted immediately before and after treatment, and at 3-month follow-up (for W-CBT arm only). Primary outcomes included the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), clinical global improvement rates, and remission status. When controlling for baseline group differences, W-CBT was superior to the Waitlist control on all primary outcome measures with large effect sizes (Cohen's d ≥ 1.36). Thirteen of 16 youth (81%) in the W-CBT arm were treatment responders, versus only 2/15 (13%) youth in the Waitlist arm. Similarly, 9/16 (56%) individuals in the W-CBT group met remission criteria, versus 2/15 (13%) individuals in the Waitlist control. Gains were generally maintained in a naturalistic 3-month follow-up for those randomized to W-CBT. This preliminary study suggests that W-CBT may be helpful in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth with OCD. Given considerable access issues, such findings hold considerable promise for treatment dissemination.     

氟西汀合并认知行为疗法治疗强迫症的对照分析

目的　评价氟西汀合并认知行为疗法对强迫症的治疗效果。方法　将符合CCMD - 3诊断标准的 5 7例强迫症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,治疗组给予氟西汀合并认知行为治疗 ,对照组只给予氟西汀治疗。应用临床疗效标准及耶鲁布朗强迫量表 (Y -BOCS)定期评定疗效。疗程 6个月。结果　在治疗第 1、2、4和 6个月末 ,治疗组疗效优于对照组 ,尤其是对强迫行为疗效更好 ,具有极显著性统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　氟西汀合并认知行为疗法治疗强迫症效果优于单独用氟西汀治疗。     

Brain SPECT imaging in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Summary. Objective: To evaluate the patterns of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in cortical and subcortical regions by Brain SPECT imaging, in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) before and after treatment.Method: Fourteen OCD patients (6 to 17 years old) underwent brain SPECT; ten of those subjects were reexamined after successful treatment. rCBF ratios were correlated with clinical parameters on the 14 patients in symptomatic state, and we compared rCBF ratios of the ten patients before and after treatment.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in average ratios of rCBF before and after treatment. There were significant clinical correlations between current age and age of onset of OCD and rCBF in the bilateral superior frontal, and bilateral parietal cortical regions.Conclusions: Further investigations on abnormal neurodevelopment of cortical-subcortical circuits possibly involved in symptomatology of paediatric OCD are warranted.     

氟西汀合并认知行为疗法治疗强迫症对照研究

目的：评价氟西汀合并认知行为疗法对强迫症的治疗效果。方法：将符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版的诊断标准的57例强迫症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组给予氟西汀合并认知行为治疗，对照组单用氟西汀治疗，应用临床疗效标准及耶鲁布朗强迫量表(Y—BOCS)定期评定；观察6个月。结果：在治疗1、2、4个月和6个月时，治疗组疗效显著优于对照组，尤其是对强迫行为疗效更好。结论：氟西汀合并认知行为疗法联合治疗强迫症效果优于单用氟西汀治疗。     

Predictors of response to group cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

PurposeTo identify the presence of factors associated with treatment outcome in patients under group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Subjects and methodsThis study evaluated 181 patients with OCD that attended a 12-session weekly GCBT program. Response criteria were: ≥35% reduction in Y-BOCS scores and global improvement score of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) ≤ 2 at post-treatment evaluation. Sociodemographic data, OCD characteristics, and treatment data were studied.ResultsIn the bivariate analysis, the following variables showed statistical significance (p < 0.20) to enter the regression model: being woman (p = 0.074), greater insight (p = 0.017) and better quality of life (QOL) in all domains before treatment (p = 0.053), overall severity of disease according to the CGI (p = 0.007), number of associated comorbidities (p = 0.063), social phobia (p = 0.044), and dysthymia (p = 0.072). In the final regression model, these variables were associated with response to GCBT: female gender (p = 0.021); WHOQOL-BREF psychological domain (p = 0.011); insight (p = 0.042); and global improvement score of the CGI severity-scale before therapy (p = 0.045).ConclusionSpecial attention should be paid to patients with poor insight, increasing the cognitive aspects of the therapy in an attempt to modify the rigidity and fixity of their beliefs. In addition, male patients should be more observed, since they showed lower chance of response to GCBT when compared to women. Patients with more severe global symptoms (CGI) are poorer responders to GCBT, which indicates that not only obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) should be evaluated, since other symptoms, such as depression and anxiety, may affect the treatment; therefore, an attempt to reduce these symptoms, prior to the treatment of OCD, should be considered as an option in some cases.     

氯米帕明与认知疗法治疗青少年强迫症临床探讨

目的研究氯米帕明合并认知疗法对青少年强迫症的疗效。方法对30例服用氯米帕明效果不佳的青少年强迫症患者,采用氯米帕明合并认知疗法治疗,应用Hamilton焦虑量表(HAMA)、Yale-Brown强迫量表(Y-BOCS)和临床疗效量表(CGI-SI)于治疗前及治疗第2、4、8周末进行测评。以Y-BOCS减分率来评定疗效。结果疗程结束后,有效率80%,各量表评分均明显下降。结论氯米帕明合并认知疗法对青少年强迫症有较好疗效。     

脑深部电刺激在难治性强迫症治疗中的研究进展

强迫症是一组以强迫思维和(或)强迫行为为主要表现的精神疾病,目前临床上的一线治疗方案为5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和认知行为治疗。但仍有约40%~60%患者对一线治疗反应不佳或无效,称之为难治性强迫症。2009年美国及欧洲药监局批准的脑深部电刺激(deep brain stimulation,DBS)技术,作为一种神经调控的新型疗法能安全有效地改善难治性强迫症患者的症状。我们总结了现阶段对强迫症发病机制的了解,阐述了DBS应用于强迫症的历史和最新进展,并对其治疗机制、疗效、安全性、局限性及今后的发展方向等进行了综述。     

An experimental manipulation of responsibility in children: A test of the inflated responsibility model of obsessive-compulsive disorder

The objective of this study was to investigate whether Salkovskis (1985) inflated responsibility model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) applied to children. In an experimental design, 81 children aged 9-12 years were randomly allocated to three conditions: an inflated responsibility group, a moderate responsibility group, and a reduced responsibility group. In all groups children were asked to sort sweets according to whether or not they contained nuts. At baseline the groups did not differ on children's self reported anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms or on inflated responsibility beliefs. The experimental manipulation successfully changed children's perceptions of responsibility. During the sorting task time taken to complete the task, checking behaviours, hesitations, and anxiety were recorded. There was a significant effect of responsibility level on the behavioural variables of time taken, hesitations and check; as perceived responsibility increased children took longer to complete the task and checked and hesitated more often. There was no between-group difference in children's self reported state anxiety. The results offer preliminary support for the link between inflated responsibility and increased checking behaviours in children and add to the small but growing literature suggesting that cognitive models of OCD may apply to children.