血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤并发EB病毒阳性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤二例并文献复习

目的:探讨血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤（AITL）并发EB病毒（EBV）阳性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）患者的临床病理特征、治疗及预后。方法:回顾性分析解放军总医院第五医学中心2例AITL并发EBV阳性DLBCL患者的临床资料,并进行文献复习。结果:例1为混合淋巴瘤（CL）患者,以低热伴全身浅表淋巴结肿大起病,右侧腋窝肿物活组织检查示AITL并发EBV阳性DLBCL,予以8个周期化疗后达不确定的完全缓解;后续应用西达本胺维持治疗,仍生存中。例2为不一致性淋巴瘤（DL）患者,以皮下结节起病,后出现浅表淋巴结进行性肿大;皮下结节病理检查诊断为DLBCL,右腹股沟淋巴结病理检查诊断为AITL;接受7个周期化疗,因合并噬血细胞综合征而死亡。结论:AITL合并EBV阳性DLBCL罕见,临床症状主要以AITL的表现为主,存在T细胞及B细胞免疫表型特征,预后差,治疗方案主要依据预后较差的淋巴瘤进行选择。     

应用彩色多普勒超声评价乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后的疗效

目的分析乳腺癌术前新辅助化疗前后彩色多普勒的超声特点,探讨超声对其疗效评价的意义.方法分别于化疗前后对56例新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者的乳腺癌原发灶及腋窝淋巴结进行观察及分析.结果56例患者新辅助化疗后超声检查显示,化疗后原发灶面积明显缩小,原发灶内血流丰富程度降低或消失;Vmax、RI降低(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);47枚异常淋巴结中19枚化疗后消失,有28例淋巴结内可检测出血流信号,化疗后21例血流丰富程度降低.结论乳腺癌新辅助化疗后,原发灶和腋窝淋巴结的大小及彩色多普勒的多项指标发生显著性变化.超声检查为新辅助化疗提供了简便、安全的疗效观察手段.     

淋巴瘤患者化疗后胸腺反应性增生临床分析

目的 分析淋巴瘤患者化疗后胸腺反应性增生的临床发生情况.方法 对2010年1月至2015年5月初治的22例淋巴瘤患者行CT评估疗效,当出现前上纵隔肿块时,推荐行PET-CT或活组织检查明确肿块性质,CT密切监测肿块变化情况.结果22例淋巴瘤患者中,14例在全部化疗结束后随诊期间出现胸腺增生,8例在化疗期间出现胸腺增生.CT显示胸腺中位最大直径为3.7 cm(2.5~6.8 cm).11例患者行PET-CT检查,均显示纵隔肿块无肿瘤活性,1例进一步行纵隔肿块穿刺活组织检查明确为胸腺反应性增生.结论 恶性淋巴瘤患者在强化疗后可出现胸腺反应性增生,临床上应注意鉴别,避免过度治疗.     

EB病毒阳性不一致性淋巴瘤1例并文献复习

目的探讨不一致性淋巴瘤(DL)的临床表现、实验室检查及诊疗特点。方法回顾性分析泰州市人民医院2019年11月收治的1例EB病毒阳性不一致性淋巴瘤患者的临床资料, 并复习相关文献。结果患者起病时行颈部淋巴结活组织病理检查提示为血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤(AITL);后因消化道出血行肠道病灶切除术, 术后病理提示弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL), 最终诊断为DL。予以R2-CHOP方案化疗, 患者病程中反复出现消化道出血, 一般情况较差, 后患者拒绝化疗, 改为来那度胺单药治疗。最终患者因多脏器衰竭死亡, 总生存时间13个月。结论 DL临床少见, 而同时患AITL和DLBCL更为罕见, 临床医生需提高对该病的认识, 避免误诊和漏诊。     

彩色多普勒和超声能量图在乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后诊断中的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒和超声能量图在乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后诊断中的价值。方法选择2011年3月至2012年3月住院的85例乳腺癌患者,化疗前采用彩色多普勒和超声能量图对病灶、淋巴结大小、血流动力学及血流分布等进行检查,采用多西他赛+表柔比星(TE)方案化疗,比较化疗前后各项指标变化情况。结果 85例患者经3个周期化疗后,9例患者症状完全缓解,其余76例患者病灶体积较治疗前明显缩小,边界、形态、周边强回声较治疗前有显著变化,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。化疗前血流分级绝大多数是3级,无0级和1级,化疗后分级有显著变化,3级病例数大大减少,与化疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒和超声能量图联合应用,可对比乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后病灶变化,对判断化疗药物的敏感性提供指导,且检查方法安全、简单、方便。     

腹膜后弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤合并外周T细胞淋巴瘤1例并文献复习

目的提高对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)合并外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL)的认识。方法回顾性分析2021年2月山西省肿瘤医院收治的1例腹膜后淋巴结及肾脏受累的DLBCL与PTCL复合性淋巴瘤患者的临床资料, 并进行文献复习。结果患者为71岁女性, 以腹膜后巨大肿物为临床表现, 伴有胸腔积液。行两次穿刺活组织检查, 进行常规病理、TCR及IG克隆性分析, 并对胸腔积液行流式细胞学分析, 同时行常规血液学及影像学检查, 后接受利妥昔单抗联合化疗。病理结果可见异常B细胞及T细胞分布, TCR及IG克隆重排均阳性, 胸腔积液可见异常表型的B细胞, 诊断为复合性淋巴瘤(DLBCL合并非特指型PTCL), 给予利妥昔单抗联合化疗后肿瘤得到一过性控制, 但最终患者死于疾病进展。结论复合性淋巴瘤比较罕见, 临床表现无特异性, 诊断过程中需留意不同寻常的病理表现。目前尚无标准治疗方案, 治疗需兼顾不同类型或重点治疗恶性度高的类型。     

误诊为骨髓增生异常综合征的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤二例并文献复习

目的 探讨不典型弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者的临床病理学特征及诊疗方法.方法 回顾性分析河南省肿瘤医院收治的2例误诊为骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的DLBCL患者临床资料,并复习相关文献.结果 2例患者均为全血细胞减少,无浅表淋巴结肿大,影像学检查可见脾大及全身多发骨质代谢增高,无法进行淋巴结活组织检查及脾切除病理诊断,结合多次骨髓穿刺、活组织检查、流式免疫分型、基因重排、影像学检查等诊断为DLBCL,给予联合化疗后病情快速缓解.结论 以全血细胞减少为首发表现的DLBCL较为少见,应注意鉴别原发骨髓的DLBCL及其他引起全血细胞减少的疾病,全面准确地应用各种实验室技术明确诊断,并在治疗后及时评估疗效,避免误诊误治.     

彩超对颈部淋巴结良恶性的鉴别诊断

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对颈部淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断的价值。方法对207例患者经病理检查证实816枚颈部淋巴结的彩色多普勒超声结果进行分析。结果207例中43例为反应增生型淋巴结,3例为结核性淋巴结,89例为转移性淋巴结,72例为淋巴瘤患者,淋巴结声像图的表现各有不同,彩色多普勒血流信号的分布及阻力指数均不同。结论彩色多普勒超声对颈部淋巴结良恶性病变的鉴别诊断有一定的临床价值。     

18F-FDG PET/CT对淋巴瘤放化疗后疗效评估及无进展生存期预测的价值

目的 探讨18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG) PET/CT对淋巴瘤放化疗后疗效评估及无进展生存期(PFS)的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析85例淋巴瘤患者的临床资料.所有病例接受4～8个周期标准化化疗,前后均行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,比较2年PFS率,评价其对接受放化疗的淋巴瘤患者疗效评估及PFS率预测的价值.结果 本组病例发病以非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)类型为主,发病部位以头颈淋巴结、纵隔、腹膜后为主.多数患者伴有脾脏肿大和局部病灶高代谢.霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)PET/CT阴性组治疗完全缓解(CR)率明显高于阳性组(86.4％:42.9％,P =0.038),且PET/CT阳性组与阴性组2年PFS率分别为42.9％和81.8％,差异具有统计学意义(x2=7.70,P=0.006).56例NHL患者治疗后35例达CR,13例达部分缓解(PR),8例达病情稳定(SD)或病情进展(PD),CR组、PR组、SD或PD组患者2年PFS率分别为89.7％、65.3％和19.4％,差异有统计学意义(x2=12.41,P=0.002).PET/CT显像对治疗后T细胞淋巴瘤(TCL)患者(x2=13.85,P=0.001)、弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者(x2=13.51,P=0.001)有很强的PFS率预测作用,对滤泡淋巴瘤(FL)患者(x2=4.63,P=0.099)无预后预测作用.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像能很好地评价淋巴瘤的疗效,可早期预测预后,对治疗方案的选择具有一定的指导意义.     

小肠弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤颊部转移一例并文献复习

目的 提高对小肠弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)颊部转移的认识.方法 分析1例小肠DLBCL颊部转移患者的临床资料,复习相关文献并讨论其临床特征及诊疗方法.结果 患者为男性,45岁,发现小肠恶性淋巴瘤8个月,左侧面颊部肿胀1周入院.左颊部肿物活组织检查病理结果倾向恶性淋巴瘤,给予CHOPE方案化疗1个周期后左颊部肿胀消失.结论 小肠DLBCL伴颊部转移罕见,是一种高度侵袭性肿瘤,预后较差.颊部转移易被误诊为感染性疾病.组织学形态及免疫组织化学染色有助于明确诊断,手术切除后辅助化疗及放疗可能提高临床疗效.     

磁共振弥散加权成像对鼻咽癌放疗后颈部淋巴结复发早期诊疗的临床价值

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(MR-DWI)对鼻咽癌放疗后颈部淋巴结复发的早期诊断价值,为此类患者行针对性诊疗提供依据。方法 回顾分析2005-2016年间放疗后17例颈部淋巴结复发患者MR-DWI特点,总结淋巴结复发后诊疗结果。结果 17例患者复发淋巴结MR-DWI均呈高信号或高低不等混杂信号,其敏感性为100%,而T2压脂序列的敏感性为60%。对高度怀疑单颈部单区复发患者行PET-CT或穿刺活检协助诊断,早期手术治疗具有更好的预后。结论 MR-DWI对鼻咽癌放疗后复发颈部淋巴结的敏感性极高,尤其是易被忽视的5~10mm淋巴结,对该类单颈部单发患者行PET-CT检查,通过多模态影像学诊断证实其性质,及时手术对提高颈部淋巴结复发患者的治疗效果及生活质量有重要临床意义。     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of cytokeratin is useful for detecting micrometastatic foci from gallbladder carcinoma in regional lymph nodes

BACKGROUND: The histological detection of lymph node metastasis in patients with gallbladder carcinoma is of major prognostic significance. However, it may be difficult to identify nodal involvement by conventional pathological examination of hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained sections when metastases are of microscopic size. In the present study, an attempt was made to detect lymph node metastasis precisely from gallbladder carcinoma, even by low-power microscopic examination, using immunohistochemistry with an anti-cytokeratin antibody. METHODS: A total of 431 lymph node specimens dissected during surgery from 33 patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder were investigated. A pair of mirror-image sections were obtained from each of the dissected lymph nodes and then stained using standard HE and immunohistochemical methods utilizing a monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin 7. The HE- and immunohistochemically stained sections were examined for the presence of tumor cells using light microscopy. RESULTS: All 78 lymph nodes from 12 patients with early gallbladder carcinoma were negative for both HE- and cytokeratin-positive cancer cells. Of 353 lymph nodes from 21 patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma, HE staining showed that 98 were metastasis-positive. Among these 98 lymph nodes, 95 (97%) proved to be positive for metastasis based on cytokeratin immunostaining. On the other hand, the remaining 255 lymph nodes were cancer-free on the basis of HE staining results. Of the 255 HE-negative lymph nodes, seven (2.7%) were found to be positive for micrometastasis on the basis of cytokeratin staining. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokeratin staining of dissected lymph nodes is a useful new diagnostic tool for detecting micrometastatic foci in regional lymph nodes of patients with gallbladder carcinoma.     

Review of Novel Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Techniques in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Breast cancer patients who present with nodal metastasis receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with increasing frequency and can have complete pathologic response after treatment. In this clinical scenario, sentinel node mapping and biopsy are gaining acceptance instead of axillary dissection to avoid morbidity. Biopsy proven positive lymph nodes must be reliably excised and examined after NAC to further decrease the false negativity rate of sentinel lymph node (SLN) surgery. The standard method for axillary staging in breast cancer patients even after NAC is SLN biopsy (SLNB) with a radioisotope, blue dye, or both (dual technique). Currently, preoperative axillary staging with ultrasound and biopsy, along with placement of an image-detectable marker to be removed at the time of definitive surgery is recommended. In this study, we evaluated some methods of SLNB for patients treated with NAC like indocyanine green fluorescence, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, indigocarmine blue dye, contrast-enhanced ultrasound using microbubbles, and tattooing. Some methods are also needed to ensure that the initially biopsy proven positive node is removed at the time of surgery to be carefully evaluated for residual disease after chemotherapy like clip placement to the suspected or involved nodes before NAC, and removing the clipped node with the guidance of 125I-labeled radioactive seed or guide wires.     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效评价方法的比较

目的 比较查体、超声和钼靶在乳腺癌新辅助化疗(NAC)疗效评价中的差异.方法 通过查体、超声和钼靶分别测量、记录141例NAC患者肿瘤状况,分析治疗前后原发灶、淋巴结的变化.结果 全组中晚期患者居多,Ⅰ期仅占8.5%.化疗前查体的乳腺肿块较超声检查明显偏大(P＜0.01).评价疗效时,原发灶查体误判完全缓解(CR)率高达46.8%(22/47),而超声误判残留率为84.0%(21/25).43例行钼靶检查患者中,有23例(53.5%)患者困难以测量肿块大小而无法评价疗效;5例有钙化的患者,虽化疗后肿块缩小,但钙化范围无变化.在治疗中,25例有效患者行原发灶空芯针穿刺,在9例穿刺病理阴性者中,仅有3例达pCR;16例穿刺阳性者均未达pCR.超声检查怀疑腋窝淋巴结转移的患者,通过空芯针穿刺的病理阳性率为88.3%(53/60),超声检查不怀疑者仍有20.0%(1/5)为阳性.24例超声未探及腋窝肿大淋巴结患者中,有9例(37.5%)前哨淋巴结活检阳性.化疗前淋巴结病理阳性患者64例,化疗后转阴36例(56.3%).全组原发灶及淋巴结均达病理完全缓解(pCR)者21例,占14.9%(21/141).结论 乳腺癌患者化疗前对腋窝淋巴结进行空芯针穿刺或前哨淋巴结活检明确病理状态非常重要,查体、超声及铜靶检查对原发灶肿瘤大小的判断都有相当的误差,可采用病灶穿刺来评价NAC的疗效,但对结果 的判断还需综合分析.     

A case of residual metastatic lymph node lesion following definitive chemoradiotherapy for T4 esophageal cancer, successfully treated by outpatient clinic-based sequential chemotherapy with docetaxel followed by S-1

Patients with T4 esophageal cancer generally have poor prognosis. Of these patients, prognosis of non-responder to chemoradiothrapy (CRT) is extremely poor. We report a case of residual lymph node metastasis following definitive CRT, which showed a good response to outpatient clinic-based chemotherapy consisting of docetaxel (DOC) followed by S-1 in a patient with T4 esophageal cancer. The patient was a 65-year-old man with the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the middle thoracic esophagus with the 5 cm size lymph node metastasis with tracheal invasion along right recurrent laryngeal nerve [T4 (106recR-rt subclavian A) N2M0, Stage IVa]. He underwent induction chemotherapy with two courses of FP followed by one course of DCF. As a result, primary tumor was judged as complete response on endoscopy, and the lymph node lesion was judged as partial response, but unresectable on CT. Then, he underwent definitive CRT (FP+60 Gy). Following CRT, although the lymph node lesion was judged as non-CR on CT, a significant decrease of FDG uptake (PET-CR) was observed on PET-CT. Five months later, a recurrence of the lymph node lesion was observed on PET-CT. Then, he underwent outpatient clinic-based chemotherapy with DOC( 60 mg/m2, triweekly) followed by S-1( 80 mg/ body/day, 6 weeks/course, administration for 4 weeks with 2 weeks cessation). DOC was administered for 8 months, and was converted to S-1 because of the regrowth of the lesion on PET-CT. After 3 months following initiation of S-1, a remarkable decrease of the lesion was observed on PET-CT. During outpatient clinic observation, the residual lymph node lesion after definitive CRT was well controlled over 1 year, and no new metastatic lesions were observed at other sites. Sequential chemotherapy with DOC followed by S-1 may be effective in controlling progression of resistant tumor against prior CRT.     

贲门癌前纵隔胸骨旁淋巴结转移—附5例报道

目的:报道5例贲门癌前纵隔胸骨旁淋巴结转移。方法:2009年5月至2013年5月我院就诊的贲门癌根治术后患者5例,4例经CT检查发现有腹腔和纵隔淋巴结转移及胸骨旁淋巴结肿大,1例超声检查发现有胸骨旁淋巴结肿大,全部患者在超声定位引导下行胸骨旁肿大淋巴结穿刺病理活检。结果:穿刺活检组织病理结果全部发现癌组织,提示腺癌。结论:贲门癌发生纵隔淋巴转移时有可能通过隔上淋巴结转移至胸骨旁淋巴结。     

~(18)F-FDG PET-CT与强化CT对非小细胞肺癌区域淋巴结诊断价值的评价

目的 探讨~(18)F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET-CT与强化CT对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)区域淋巴结的诊断价值.方法 随机选择手术治疗的NSCLC患者122例,术前2周内行PET-CT检查,同期行CT强化扫描,根据术后病理检查结果,评价PET-CT和CT诊断NSCLC区域淋巴结的价值.结果 PET-CT能对80.3%NSCLC患者的区域淋巴结正确分期,13.1%的患者分期过度,6.6%的患者分期过低,而CT分别为55.8%、26.2%和18.0%.PET-CT对NSCLC区域淋巴结诊断的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为86.3%、85.0%和85.3%,CT分别为68.6%、71.0%和70.4%,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).PET-CT能纠正CT出现的81.3%的假阴性和71.6%的假阳性淋巴结,CT能纠正PET-CT出现的57.1%的假阴性和45.2%的假阳性淋巴结.5.9%的病理阳性淋巴结内存在微小的癌灶且短径<10 mm,被PET-CT和CT均诊断为假阴性;8.2%的病理阴性淋巴结短径>10 mm(隆突下淋巴结>15 mm),存在炎症及高的FDG摄取,被PET-CT和CT均诊断为假阳性,这些淋巴结是二者共同的盲点.结论 与强化CT相比,PET-CT能提高NSCLC区域淋巴结诊断的准确率,并能纠正CT出现的假阳性和假阴性错误.CT对PET-CT也是一个有益的补充,二者联合应用能相互弥补在NSCLC区域淋巴结诊断中的不足.     

Ultrasound staging in breast cancer: A decision-making oriented approach to axillary metastatic burden prediction

PurposeThe possibility of avoiding axillary lymphadenectomy (AL) in patients with breast cancer (BC) after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and low metastatic burden (< ó = 2 positive lymph nodes) has put into question the role of axillary ultrasound due to the risk of overtreatment after positive axillary lymph node biopsy with low metastatic burden. Our aim was to identify clinical and ultrasound features to detect low and high metastatic burden.MethodsA retrospective study of 405 BC patients with primary surgical treatment with axillary ultrasound examination and subsequent AL after positive fine needle aspiration (FNA) or SLNB. The low and high tumor burdens after AL were correlated with clinical and ultrasound variables: lymph node morphology (UN1 to UN5), number of suspicious lymph nodes, and Berg level.ResultsPositive FNA, lymph node morphology UN4 (focal thickening with displacement of the fatty hilum) or UN5 (complete replacement of the fatty hilum) and >2 suspicious lymph nodes were significantly associated with "high metastatic burden". Lymph node morphology UN2 and UN3, even after FNA+, lymph node morphology UN4 after FNA-, and suspicious lymph nodes at Berg level I were low metastatic burden criteria. Lymph node morphology UN5, lymph node morphology UN4 after FNA+, two nodes or more with UN4/UN5 morphology, and suspicious lymph nodes at Berg levels II and III with FNA+ were associated with high metastatic burden.ConclusionsAxillary lymph node ultrasound data for patients with early BC allows predicting the axillary metastatic burden, guiding the optimal clinical management of the axilla.     

淋巴结显示液联合CK19在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结检测中的临床意义

目的探讨淋巴结显示液(LNRS)联合CK19在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结检出及微转移灶检测中的临床意义。方法 58例经根治性手术乳腺癌标本分别应用传统法和LNRS法检出淋巴结,应用HE染色检测淋巴结转移状况,HE染色阴性淋巴结进一步行CK19免疫组织化学检测微转移病灶。结果传统法检出淋巴结774枚,HE染色pN0期患者37例(淋巴结463枚);应用LNRS处理后多检出淋巴结469枚,HE染色pN0期患者45例(淋巴结332枚);传统法和LNRS法HE染色均为pN0期的患者35例(传统法淋巴结441枚及LNRS法淋巴结244枚,共685枚)。685枚淋巴结进一步行CK19免疫组织化学检测,5例患者(淋巴结17枚)发现微转移病灶。传统法pN0期的患者中有13.5%(5/37)的患者分期移动为pN1mi;传统法pN0期的患者中有5.4%(2/37)的患者分期移动为pN1;传统法pN1期的患者中有16.7%(2/12)的患者分期移动为pN2;传统法pN2期的患者中有14.3%(1/7)的患者分期移动为pN3,总体上共有17.2%(10/58)的患者发生了N分期的移动。结论应用LNRS能够显著提高乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结检出数量,行CK19免疫组织化学检测微转移病灶,可更准确地反映乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结的转移状态,对于评估N分期及指导术后治疗有一定临床意义。