Mitochondrial Antioxidants Alleviate Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in a Cellular Model of Sepsis

Purpose  

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in sepsis.     

Dose finding of melatonin for chronic idiopathic childhood sleep onset insomnia: an RCT

Rationale  

Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in children might differ from that in adults.     

The Utility of an Isolated Mitochondrial Fraction in the Preparation of Liposomes for the Specific Delivery of Bioactives to Mitochondria in Live Mammalian Cells

Purpose  

To develop and evaluate liposomal formulations prepared with an isolated mitochondrial fraction as a mitochondria-specific delivery vehicle     

Expression of GFP in the Mitochondrial Compartment Using DQAsome-Mediated Delivery of an Artificial Mini-mitochondrial Genome

Purpose  

We describe a novel strategy for expression of GFP in mammalian mitochondria.     

Effects of acute modafinil on cognition in trichotillomania

Rationale  

Individuals with trichotillomania often report significant difficulty resisting the urges and drive to pull hair.     

Dopamine transporter-related effects of modafinil in rhesus monkeys

Rationale  

Modafinil is currently used as a treatment for daytime sleepiness.     

Neurophysiological functioning of occasional and heavy cannabis users during THC intoxication

Rationale  

Experienced cannabis users demonstrate tolerance to some of the impairing acute effects of cannabis.     

Parathyromatosis after parathyroidectomy because of primary hyperparathyroidism: A case report

Introduction  

Differential diagnosis and treatment of recurrent hyperparathyroidism are complicated.     

The effects of clozapine on quinpirole-induced non-regulatory drinking and prepulse inhibition disruption in rats

Rationale  

The biological underpinnings of schizophrenic polydipsia are poorly understood.     

Environmental-induced differences in corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptor blockade of amphetamine self-administration in rats

Rationale  

Rats raised in isolation self-administer more amphetamine than rats raised in enrichment.     

Mathematical Model to Predict Skin Concentration of Drugs: Toward Utilization of Silicone Membrane to Predict Skin Concentration of Drugs as an Animal Testing Alternative

Purpose  

To calculate the skin concentration of active ingredients in cosmetics and topical pharmaceuticals using silicone membrane permeation.     

Association between PLA2G12A polymorphism and patients with schizophrenia in a southern Chinese Han population

Background

Elevated phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity is reported to be involved in the development of schizophrenia. Further study revealed an association between PLA2 groups XIIA (PLA2G12A) polymorphism and patients with schizophrenia in a northeast Chinese Han population.

Objective

This study will further examine whether PLA2G12A rs3087494 polymorphism is associated with patients with schizophrenia in a southern Chinese Han population.

Methods

This polymorphism was genotyped in 438 patients with schizophrenia (diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV) and 876 healthy controls using a case–control design. Demographic and clinical data were collected in all subjects.

Results

The allele and genotype frequencies of PLA2G12A rs3087494 polymorphism significantly differed between groups (both, p < .001). These differences still were significant by adjusting for sex and age. However, there was no difference in age at onset among 3 genotype groups in patients with schizophrenia by adjusting for the variables (F = 0.22, p = .80). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that this polymorphism was not associated with age at onset in patients with schizophrenia (β = .008, t = .07, p = .94).

Conclusions

Our results indicated that even though PLA2G12A rs3087494 polymorphism did not influence age at onset in patients with schizophrenia, it may play an important role in the susceptibility to schizophrenia in a southern Chinese Han population.     

Restricted role of CRF1 receptor for the activity of brainstem catecholaminergic neurons in the negative state of morphine withdrawal

Rationale  

Evidence suggests that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system is an important mediator in the negative symptoms of opioid withdrawal.     

Lack of effect of dalcetrapib on QT interval in healthy subjects following multiple dosing

Purpose  

Evaluate dalcetrapib’s potential to prolong QT intervals in healthy subjects.     

Compositional analysis of low quantities of phase separation in hot-melt-extruded solid dispersions: a combined atomic force microscopy, photothermal fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy, and localised thermal analysis approach

Purpose  

To characterise phase separations in aged hot-melt-extruded solid dispersions at a micron to submicron scale.     

Predictive model of repeat induced abortion in Hungary

Background  

Contraceptive and sociodemographic risks of repeat induced abortion have not yet been interpreted in Central Eastern Europe.     

Short circuit: Disaggregation of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in HIV‐positive,methamphetamine‐using men who have sex with men

Objective

This study examined if methamphetamine use alone (METH + HIV?) and methamphetamine use in combination with HIV (METH + HIV+) were associated with hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation as well as insulin resistance relative to a nonmethamphetamine‐using, HIV‐negative comparison group (METH‐HIV?).

Methods

Using an intact groups design, serum levels of HPA axis hormones in 46 METH + HIV? and 127 METH + HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM) were compared to 136 METH‐HIV? men.

Results

There were no group differences in prevailing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or cortisol levels, but the association between ACTH and cortisol was moderated by METH + HIV+ group (β = ?0.19, p < .05). Compared to METH‐HIV? men, METH + HIV+ MSM displayed 10% higher log₁₀ cortisol levels per standard deviation lower ACTH. Both groups of methamphetamine‐using MSM had lower insulin resistance and greater syndemic burden (i.e., sleep disturbance, severe depression, childhood trauma, and polysubstance use disorder) compared to METH‐HIV? men. However, the disaggregated functional relationship between ACTH and cortisol in METH + HIV+ MSM was independent of these factors.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to characterize the bio‐behavioral pathways that explain dysregulated HPA axis functioning in HIV‐positive, methamphetamine‐using MSM.     

Assessment of inter-individual variability in predicted phenytoin clearance

Objective  

To assess the inter-individual variability in phenytoin (PHT) clearance predicted from in vitro kinetic data.     

Influence of Physical Properties of Biomaterials on Cellular Behavior

Purpose  

In this study, we evaluated the effect of hydrogel structural properties on proliferation and biosynthesis activity of encapsulated chondrocytes.     

Prediction of the Mechanical Behaviour of Crystalline Solids

Purpose  

To explore the use of crystal inter-planar d-spacings and slip-plane interaction energies for predicting and characterising mechanical properties of crystalline solids.