局麻与硬膜外麻醉下聚丙烯材料补片应用腹股沟疝修补术效果及慢性疼痛调查——基层医院经验

目的对比分析局麻与硬外麻醉下无张力修补术治疗腹股沟疝疗效,探讨基层医院在有限条件下治疗腹股沟疝更适宜的麻醉方式。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,纳入研究的患者为2016年7月至2017年1月半年来收治的102例腹股沟疝所有患者分成局麻组与硬外麻组,两组均采用疝囊高位结扎+平片无张力修补术,比较两组手术时间、术后伤口疼痛时间、术后不良反应和并发症的发生和差异;记录术后患者对麻醉效果的满意度;出院后嘱病人1周后回院复查1次,1个月、6个月、12个月、24个月电话随访1次。结果两组皮下血肿、术后伤口感染、阴囊肿胀、腹股沟神经与腹腔脏器损伤、术后伤口疼痛时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),局麻组住院时间、住院费用、恶心/呕吐、头昏/头痛、尿潴留并发症发生率均比硬外麻组低或少,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者在2年随访中各有2例出现腹股沟区疼痛,服用NSAIDs类药物好转。两组术后1月、6月、12月和24月VAS评分结果,其差异没有统计学意义(表3)。两组患者对手术中麻醉满意情况见表4,硬膜外组满意患者多于局麻组。结论基层医院实施局麻下开放式腹股沟疝平片无张力修补术可行,也不增加慢性疼痛的发生。     

局部麻醉和硬膜外麻醉在腹股沟疝无张力修补术中的对照研究

目的 探讨局部麻醉和硬膜外麻醉下行腹股沟疝修补术的疗效与安全性. 方法 2004年1月至2006年12月我院收治的269例腹股沟疝患者,按数字表法随机分为两组,143例采用局部浸润麻醉,126例采用硬膜外麻醉,比较分析两组临床资料. 结果 局部麻醉组在手术(加麻醉)时间、下床时间、住院天数及费用方面均明显少于硬膜外麻醉组(P<0.05),在术中静脉镇静药物使用、术后疼痛程度、恢复日常生活时间上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者的伤口及阴囊并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).硬膜外麻醉组术中平均动脉压下降,术后恶心、呕吐、尿潴留发生率显著高于局部麻醉组(P<0.05).两组在随访期内各有1例疝复发(P>0.05). 结论 局部麻醉下行腹股沟疝修补手术简单、安全、经济、可靠,是更为理想的麻醉方式.     

中老年腹股沟疝局麻与硬膜外麻醉手术的比较

目的比较中老年人在局麻与硬膜外麻醉下行腹股沟疝修补术的疗效、住院时间、平均费用、恢复正常生活的时间及手术并发症等.方法采用随机对照方法,将223例病人分为局麻组(男,113人)和硬膜外阻滞麻组(男110人).结果局麻组病人平均手术时间(44min)、住院时间(2.1d)、恢复正常生活时间(5.4d)和手术并发症等均明显小于硬膜外阻滞组(P＜0.01～0.05).结论中老年人局麻下进行疝修补,可明显减少手术费用,术后并发症的发生率,是一安全而有效的方法,值得推广.     

Short-stay surgery of inguino-crural hernia

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the hospital stay, morbidity, and patients' compliance for short stay inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 669 patients (594 men and 75 women) who underwent short stay inguinal hernia repair (706 inguinal and 45 femoral repairs) at the Institute of General Surgery, University of Ferrara. Mean age was 60.7 years (range, 18-84 years). The anesthesia was: loco-regional in 495 patients (74%) and general or epidural in 174 (26%). RESULTS: Mean hospital stay was 1.2 days. Postoperative complications were: three scrotal hematomas, two ischemic orchitis, three prosthetic infections, one local anesthetic intolerance, and three high fever. Eighty-five percent of patients were satisfied of the surgical procedure in short hospital stay. Mean follow-up was 36 months. CONCLUSIONS: Short hospital stay in inguinal hernia repair is safe, effective, and widely accepted by patients.     

The role of antibiotic prophylaxis on wound infection after mesh hernia repair under local anesthesia on an ambulatory basis

Mesh prosthesis, local anesthesia, and ambulatory care have been widely introduced in recent decades in the treatment of inguinal hernia. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis during open inguinal hernia repair has been controversial. No prospective trial has been conducted to assess the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients operated on for inguinal hernia under the above-mentioned conditions. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial was initiated to assess the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of wound infection during open mesh inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia on an ambulatory basis. Ninety-nine consecutive hernia repairs were randomized to receive 1 g of parenteral Cefazolin preoperatively or a placebo. No wound infections existed in the therapeutic group (0/50). Four infections appeared in the control group (4/49), and the study was suspended for ethical reasons when differences reached values close to statistical significance (P=0.059). We conclude that a single dose of intravenous Cefazolin decreases the risk of wound infection during open mesh inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia on an ambulatory basis.     

Expanded indications for preperitoneal hernia repair: the high risk patient.

The medically compromised patient with an inguinal hernia (primary or recurrent) is often denied surgical intervention because of potential risk. We have treated hernias in 36 “extremely high risk” patients using the preperitoneal approach. Twenty-one patients (58 per cent) had a recurrent inguinal hernia after one or more previous repairs. Eighty per cent of the patients were over the age of 70 years; six of them also had significant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Preperitoneal inguinal herniorrhaphy was performed using spinal or epidural anesthesia in all cases. In eight of the patients with lung disease, the operation was performed with the patient's upper torso elevated 30 degrees. Prosthetic material was used in only two repairs (5 per cent). There were no deaths, no significant pulmonary complications, and no wound infections. All patients were discharged within 4 days, which seems acceptable when compared with the length of hospitalization for primary hernia repair under local anesthesia (2 days) and for major reconstruction of recurrent inguinal hernia (6 days).The preperitoneal approach seems safe and reliable in this group of patients, with its low morbidity and absent recurrence rate, especially in patients with recurrent hernias. Good regional anesthesia is essential and alternative patient positioning useful. This approach is recommended as safe in high risk patients who require hernia repair to prevent incarceration or obstruction.     

Transurethral prostatectomy and inguinal hernia repair in a single session

INTRODUCTION: We aimed at evaluating the outcomes of transurethral prostatectomy and inguinal hernia repair performed in a single session. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients (mean age 68+/-8.3 years) in whom transurethral prostatectomy was performed combined with an inguinal hernia repair were included into the study. Type of anesthesia, technique of inguinal hernia repair, hospitalization time, and the complications encountered were recorded. Cost comparisons were made using the official price-lists of the Turkish Medical Association. All patients were asked whether they were satisfied with the outcome of both operations performed in one session. The data obtained from the patients who underwent both operations in one session were compared with those obtained from 56 patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy only (control group). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test corrected for continuity according to the Yates or the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: The operations were performed in 19 patients under general, in 20 patients under epidural, and in 14 patients under spinal anesthesia. Three patients were given general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia combined. In 6 patients bilateral and in 50 patients unilateral hernia repair was performed. In 11 repairs, polyprolene mesh grafts were utilized; in 2 repairs, a laparoscopic method was used, and in the remaining 49 repairs, one of the conventional techniques (McVay, Bassini, or Shouldice) was employed. There were no significant differences with regard to early and late postoperative complications and satisfaction between study group and control group (p>0.05). Combined prostatectomy and hernia repair allows approximately 30% cost profit. CONCLUSIONS: Performing transurethral prostatectomy and inguinal hernia repair in one session decreased the number of the operations and anesthesias, hospital stay, and thus health costs and did not cause an increase in operative and postoperative morbidity.     

Improved long-lasting postoperative analgesia,recovery function and patient satisfaction after inguinal hernia repair with inguinal field block compared with general anesthesia

BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia repair is a common surgical procedure, and different types of anesthetic techniques are in use. We wanted to test if preoperative inguinal field block (IFB) with ropivacaine would provide benefits in the postoperative period compared with general anesthesia and wound infiltration. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for inguinal hernia repair were randomized to receive general anesthesia with wound infiltration postoperatively, or inguinal field block (IFB) before surgery, with no or only light sedation intraoperatively. General anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl and propofol, maintained with propofol and alfentanil, and supplemented with nitrous oxide in oxygen through a laryngeal mask. The IFB was performed by an anesthesiologist, with 50-60 ml ropivacaine and 5 mg/ml with a dedicated technique. RESULTS: All significant differences were in favor of the IFB group: less pain (visual analog scale, verbal pain score) postoperatively and until day 7, faster mobilization with less pain, lower analgesic consumption, and higher patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Preoperative inguinal field block for hernia repair provides benefits for patients in terms of faster recovery, less pain, better mobilization and higher satisfaction throughout the whole first postoperative week.     

Modified Kugel补片前入路腹膜前修补腹股沟疝129例报告

目的总结Modified Kugel补片前入路腹膜前修补腹股沟疝的治疗效果。方法采用Modified Kugel补片前入路腹膜前修补腹股沟疝129例134侧腹股沟疝。采用局部神经阻滞麻醉手术117例侧,连续硬膜外麻醉手术17例。结果平均住院5.3 d,切口全组Ⅰ期愈合,手术后随访1～39个月,复发1例。结论 Modified Kugel补片前入路腹膜前修补腹股沟疝具有手术创伤小、无张力,可在局部神经阻滞麻醉下进行手术,手术后恢复快、并发症少等优点。     

经腹腹膜前疝修补术与局麻下腹股沟疝无张力修补术的对比研究

目的 探讨经腹腹膜前疝修补术与局麻下腹股沟疝无张力修补术的优势.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月-2015年1月首都医科大学大兴区人民医院普外科收治的64例腹股沟疝手术患者的临床资料.其中腹腔镜组34例,行经腹腹膜前疝修补术[采用善释D(9*13)补片];传统组30例,行局麻下腹股沟疝无张力修补术(采用善释D10补片).结果 两组患者均顺利完成手术,比较两组手术时间(P =0.000)、术后下床活动时间(P=0.000)、术后住院时间(P=0.003)、肛门排气时间(P=0.000)差异有统计学意义;两组伤口血清肿(P=0.216)、血肿(P=1.000)、镇痛药物应用(P =0.090)、术后1年内复发率(P=1.000)差异无统计学意义.结论 经腹腹膜前疝修补术及局麻下腹股沟疝无张力修补术均是安全有效的,两者各有所长,医师应该根据患者病情合理地选择手术方式.     

个体化无张力修补腹股沟疝442例

目的总结个体化无张力修补腹股沟疝的效果。方法采用普理灵疝装置(PHS)、ModifiedKugel和各种单层补片,行前入路个体化修补442例共473侧腹股沟疝。麻醉方式也采用个体化,局部神经阻滞麻醉手术336例侧,连续硬膜外麻醉手术135例侧,全麻手术2例。结果平均住院5.3d,切口全组Ⅰ期愈合470例侧,延迟愈合3例。手术后随访1～90个月,复发4例。结论个体化无张力修补腹股沟疝,具有手术针对性强、创伤小、经济简便、术后恢复快、并发症少、复发率低等优点,大部分手术可在局部神经阻滞麻醉下进行。     

局部麻醉在老年腹股沟无张力疝修补中的应用体会

目的探讨老年患者局部麻醉下行腹股沟疝无张力修补术的效果。方法对47例老年腹股沟疝患者，在局部麻醉下行无张力疝修补，对其手术时间、术后尿潴留、术后伤口疼痛、术后下床活动时间、住院费用和术后复发进行研究。结果47例患者平均年龄69．4岁。手术时间为32～56min，无一例术中改全麻插管或硬膜外麻醉。手术操作中无疼痛感42例，轻微疼痛5例。术后阴囊血肿和腹股沟异物感分别为2例和3例，而无尿潴留发生。随访7～21个月，平均15个月，未见复发。结论局部麻醉下行腹股沟疝无张力修补术术后并发症少，可早期下床活动，住院费用低，对全身器官功能影响小，尤其适合老年患者，值得推广。     

局部神经阻滞麻醉对腹股沟无张力疝修补镇痛效果及应激反应影响的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的对比局部神经阻滞麻醉与硬膜外麻醉在无张力疝修补手术中镇痛效果及应激反应的影响。方法选取文昌市人民医院2018年6月至2019年6月诊治120例腹股沟疝患者资料。按随机数表法将所有患者分为对照组和研究组,各60例。给予对照组患者硬膜外阻滞麻醉,给予研究组患者局部神经阻滞麻醉。记录2组患者的卧床时间、住院时间、术后疼痛评分、应激反应指标、并发症等情况。结果研究组卧床时间、住院时间较对照组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者的术后疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组白介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α与C反应蛋白等应激指标较对照组明显降低,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组围手术期尿潴留、呕吐恶心发生率与对照组相比明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者的复发率、感染率、慢性疼痛发生率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹股沟无张力疝修补手术局部神经阻滞麻醉与硬膜外麻醉效果相当,但能缩短住院时间和术后卧床时间,对机体应激反应的影响较小,围手术期并发症发生率低。     

纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果

目的观察纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果,并分析其对患者应激、炎症因子的影响。 方法选择2015年10月至2018年10月,广西壮族自治区人民医院行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的182例患者作为研究对象,按随机数字法将其分为2组。研究组患者91例,行钠布啡复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉;对照组患者91例,行芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉。对比2组患者的麻醉效果、麻醉起效时间、术后清醒时间以及术后1 d疼痛情况,并通过促甲状腺激素（TSH）与皮质醇（Cor）水平观察患者应激反应,对比炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的变化情况。 结果2组患者手术麻醉起效时间与术后清醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;研究组的术后1 d疼痛评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1 d研究组的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的TSH、Cor表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1 d的TSH表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后1d研究组的Cor表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论纳布啡复合丙泊酚作为腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术麻醉方式能取得较好的麻醉效果,并且能减轻患者术后疼痛,减少应激反应与炎症反应,可作为腹腔镜腹股沟修补术的优选麻醉方式。     

高龄腹股沟疝患者的围手术期处理

目的 评价高龄腹股沟疝患者行局部麻醉下腹股沟疝修补术围手术期安全性与可行性探讨。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月,上海交通大学附属第一人民医院收治高龄腹股沟疝患者80例,均行局部麻醉下腹股沟疝修补术。观察手术时间、术后住院时间、复发率及并发症发生情况。结果 本组患者手术时间45—75min,平均（40±5）min,术后住院时间3～5d,平均（2±1）d。切口感染9例,术后慢性疼痛12例,浆液肿3例。术后随访3个月至2年,无复发。结论 高龄患者行局部神经麻醉下腹股沟疝修补手术,术前重视手术风险评估,加强围手术期管理,是安全有效的手术方式。     

青少年腹股沟疝170例手术治疗疗效分析

目的 分析青少年腹股沟疝的临床特点，探讨合理的修补术式。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年1月在四川大学华西医院接受疝修补术的170例14~18岁腹股沟疝病人的临床资料。分析手术方式、麻醉方法、手术时间、医疗费用、复发和并发症发生情况。结果 170例病人中应用传统缝合法行Bassinni手术者16例，应用网塞修补者11例，应用平片法行Lichtenstein手术者3例，行腹腔镜TAPP者3例，应用腹膜前间隙修补法者137例。3例TAPP术式病人采用全麻，5例病人采用持续硬膜外麻醉，162例病人采用局部浸润麻醉，手术时间（28.5±11.6）min。术后中位住院时间1 d，其中日间手术159例，占93.5%。医疗总费用单侧腹股沟疝（7254.8±236.5）元，双侧腹股沟疝（13261.9±543.8）元。随访率为95%，随访时间5~113个月，无复发病人。1例双侧隐睾病人出现生育障碍，2例病人出现慢性疼痛，余未出现严重并发症。结论 青少年腹股沟疝应选择个体化治疗方案。     

Combined subfascial and subcutaneous bupivacaine instillation for inguinal hernia wounds

OBJECTIVE: To determine if combined subfascial (SF) and subcutaneous (SC) bupivacaine is more effective than SC bupivacaine only in decreasing postoperative pain and opioid requirement for hernia wounds. METHODS: Sixty consecutive male patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Patients in the SC group (S; n = 30) received SC instillation of 10 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine and SF instillation of 10 mL of 0.9% saline, while patients in the combination group (C; n = 30) received SF and SC instillation of 10 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine each. All injections were given in a standardized manner by the surgeon during wound closure. Postoperative pain was scored by means of a 100 mm visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Pain scores at 1, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively were significantly more in group S patients (53 vs. 30, 41 vs. 32 and 22 vs. 15, respectively, p < 0.0001). First time to analgesia was longer in group C (260 +/- 17 vs. 137 +/- 12 minutes, p < 0.0001). The consumption of pethidine was significantly lower in group C than in group S (23 +/- 34 mg vs. 55 +/- 42 mg, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: SF combined with SC instillation of bupivacaine during wound closure prolongs the first time to analgesia, reduces early postoperative opioid requirements and lowers pain in males undergoing open hernia repair.     

Eine prospektiv randomisierte Studie zur Leistenhernienreparation nach Shouldice

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized controlled study was to show whether local anesthesia (LA) leads to a decrease of postoperative pain in inguinal hernia repair in comparison with general anesthesia (AA). METHOD: Sixty volunteer patients were randomly assigned into a LA group and an AA group. All patients had an unilateral primary inguinal hernia and underwent inguinal hernia repair (Shouldice technique). Methods to determine pain were the visual analog scale (VAS), peak flow measurement, the measurement of the FEV1 %, and analgesic consumption. RESULTS: Up to the third postoperative day we measured a decreased pain level in the LA group. The anesthesia procedure was never changed. No essential complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it was concluded that local anesthesia has more advantages than general anesthesia.     

Hernia repair with prolene mesh according to the Lichtenstein technique. Results of 692 cases

BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia repair with prolene mesh according to Lichtenstein "tension free" technique has gained great acceptance worldwide, showing efficacy to consolidate the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and to reduce recurrence risk because of tension on suture lines and postoperative pain. Personal experience of 692 hernias treated with this technique is reported. METHODS: From January 1989 to December 1997, 692 patients were treated according to Lichtenstein at the General Surgery Department of the San Gerardo Hospital. Mean age was 60 years (range 18-88) with a male: female ratio of 13:1. Surgery was performed under local anesthesia in 185 cases, under epidural anesthesia in 317 and under general anesthesia in 190. Hernia was primitive in 647 cases (411 obliquo-external and 236 direct), while in 45 patients it was a recurrent hernia. In this series, 619 patients had monolateral inguinal hernia, while 73 had a bilateral one. In 40 cases hernia was incarcerated and in 8 strangulated. RESULTS: Mean hospital stay was 2.3 days (range 1-8). Eleven (1.6%) early complications, were observed, with one periprosthetic infection which resolved after patch removal, 3 hematomas, 2 seromas and 2 wound infections. Furthermore, there were 32 (4.6%) late complications with only one recurrence (0.14%) in this series and 25 cases of persistent nerve irritation. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with Lichtenstein "tension free" repairs of inguinal hernias confirmed this technique as easy to perform, also under local anesthesia, and associated with low rates of complications and without recurrences.     

经济型完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术

目的探讨较经济的完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术（TEP）的可行性，总结经济型TEP的操作经验，为TEP的推广提供借鉴。方法回顾性分析我院2006年6月至2007年12月对23例腹股沟疝进行TEP的临床资料；采用连续硬膜外麻醉，免气囊扩张器建立腹膜外间隙，使用国产聚丙烯补片且不予钉合固定等系列降低手术成本的手术方法。结果23例腹股沟疝患者腹膜撕裂3例，中转开放手术2例，中转全麻1例（均发生于斜疝）；手术时间40～180min，平均住院5d，住院费用4500．00—5000．00元；术后无疼痛、血清肿、感染、疝复发等并发症发生。结论采用连续硬膜外麻醉，免气囊分离器，国产聚丙烯补片不予钉合固定的TEP是可行的，为其在基层医院的开展提供了借鉴作用。