重复取样测定龈沟液中天冬氨酸转氨酶水平

本研究目的是观察间隔１０分钟重复取样测定龈沟液中天冬氨酸转氨酶（ａｓｐａｒｔａｔｅａｍｉｎｏ－ｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｓｅ，ＡＳＴ）水平的变化情况。作者对１０名牙周健康者的４０个牙位点，及２０例牙周炎患者的８３个牙位点进行了龈沟液的第一次和１０分钟后重复取样，并测定分析了两次样本中ＡＳＴ的水平，及其与探诊深度（ｐｒｏｂｉｎｇｄｅｐｔｈ，ＰＤ）和牙龈出血指数（ｂｌｅｅｄｉｎｇｉｎｄｅｘ，ＢＩ）的关系。结果显示，牙周健康者间隔１０分钟两次取样ＡＳＴ水平差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５），而牙周炎患者两次取样ＡＳＴ水平无明显改变（Ｐ＞０．０５），同时证实了ＡＳＴ与ＰＤ及ＢＩ有明显的相关性     

大鼠牙龈炎局部血流及龈沟液天冬氨酸转氨酶水平的变化

目的：用大鼠牙龈炎动物模型对牙龈炎症程度的评定指标进行研究。方法：采用线线缝扎大鼠牙颈部,辅以高糖饮造成牙龈炎动物模型,7天后测定牙龈局部血流及龈沟液天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）含量的变化。结果：模型动物牙龈充血红肿有溃疡和浅牙周袋形成。牙龈炎局部血流量和血流速度有一定程度的增加,且血细胞升高更加显著（P＜0．05）,龈沟液对AST较对照组有所升高经统计学分析,有显著性差异。（P＜0．001）。结论：该模型为良好的牙龈炎动物模型,龈沟液AST及局部微血流的改变均是反映牙龈炎发病程度的客观评定指标。     

螺旋霉素和牙周刮治对龈沟液中天冬氨酸转氨酶水平的影响

本文将１２名牙周炎患者的９６个牙位分成２个实验组，比较口服螺旋霉素加龈上洁治和服药加牙周基础治疗（服药加龈上法治和龈下刮治）治疗牙周炎的疗效，并同时比较了治疗前后龈沟液（ＧＣＦ）中天冬氨酸转氨酶（ＡＳＴ）水平的变化．结果表明：两种方法治疗组的牙齿，各项牙周临床指标及ＧＣＦ—ＡＳＴ水平均明显下降，服药加牙周基础治疗组的探诊深度和临床附着丧失改善程度明显大于服药加龈上洁治组。提示牙周基础治疗的重要性；本文结果还表明，ＧＣＦ—ＡＳＴ可能是判断牙龈炎症程度和疗效的一项客观指标。     

不同正畸力值作用下龈沟液中天冬氨酸转氨酶水平的变化

目的:通过分析上颌尖牙受不同作用力后龈沟液(GCF)中的天冬氨酸转氨酶(Aspartate aminotrans-ferase,AST)水平的动态变化规律,间接了解牙齿受机械力作用后牙周组织改建的生化反应过程。方法:选择正畸患者28例为研究对象,随机分成4组。分别对4组患者的右侧上颌尖牙施加50g、100g、150g、250g的远中移动初始力,左侧上颌尖牙均不加力。分别在加力前、加力后1、2、3、7、14、28d时收集尖牙近、远中龈沟内GCF,SYS-MEX全自动生化分析仪检测AST含量。结果:不同时间点、不同力值下GCF中AST水平变化差别有统计学意义(P<0.001),而牙齿近远中侧GCF中AST水平变化也有明显的无统计学意义。结论:GCF中AST的水平与正畸力大小及力的持续时间密切相关;GCF中AST含量的变化可以作为分析临床正畸加力大小是否合适的参考指标之一。     

Smart Clip自锁托槽和传统托槽对正畸牙龈沟液中炎症因子水平的影响研究

目的 探讨自锁矫治器和传统矫治器对牙齿加力后龈沟液中炎症因子水平变化从而比较两种类型托槽引起的牙周组织改建的情况。方法 选择16例上颌前突需拔除上颌双侧第一前磨牙的患者,上牙列一侧使用自锁矫治器作为试验组,一侧使用传统直丝弓矫治器作为对照组,对两侧尖牙加力后取不同时间点的龈沟液,检测其中IL-1β和PGE2水平,分析其变化与牙周组织炎症反应的关系。结果 在对尖牙加力后,龈沟液中IL-1β和PGE2水平均升高,均在加力后24 h达到最高值,各检测时间点试验组和对照组龈沟液中IL-1β和PGE2含量差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论 2种矫治器在正畸牙移动的初期对牙周组织改建的影响无明显区别。     

同一牙齿近远中牙周袋内龈沟液中天冬氨酸转氨酶水平的检测

本语文应用罗氏全自动生化分析仪对同一牙齿近、远中牙周袋内龈沟液（ＧＣＦ）中天冬氨酸氨酶（ＡＳＴ）的水平分别进行了测量。结果表明：５６个牙齿的近、远中牙周袋内ＧＣＦ－ＡＳＴ水平差异无显著性。分别计算发现，共有２０个牙的近、远ＧＣＦ－ＡＳＴ水平差值，２０００ｕ／Ｌ，其中有１１个牙的近中ＧＣＦ＝ＡＳＴ水平大于远中ＧＣＦ＝ＡＳＴ水平，９个牙的远中ＧＣＦ－ＡＳＴ水平大于近中ＧＣＦ－ＡＳＴ水平，提示：在诊断牙     

自锁托槽与传统托槽矫治器对牙周健康影响的比较研究

目的 对比戴用自锁托槽与传统托槽矫治器后牙周指数的变化.材料和方法选取12～18岁正畸患者80例,按矫治器类型分为两组：实验组,40例采用AO公司生产的T3自锁托槽矫正的患者;对照组,采用杭州西湖公司生产的徐氏托槽矫正的患者40例.由同一牙周专科医师分别检测80例患者治疗前和治疗6个月的各项牙周指数（GI,PLI,SBI,PD）.结果 治疗6个月后两组间牙周指数（GI,PLI,SBI,PD）差异无显著性.结论 自锁托槽矫治器不会更有利于牙周组织的健康,牙周的健康状况取决于患者的口腔卫生状况.     

自锁托槽矫治器对牙周健康的影响

目的观察自锁托槽对正畸患者牙周健康的影响。方法随机选择48例12～16岁错畸形患者,分为自锁托槽组和传统结扎式托槽组,前者使用3M公司Smartclip自锁托槽矫治器,后者使用GeminiMBT金属托槽矫治器。分别在戴矫治器后1、3、6个月检测下切牙牙龈指数(GI),菌斑指数(PLI),龈沟出血指数(SBI)。结果自锁托槽组牙周指数明显低于统结扎式托槽组。结论与传统结扎式托槽矫治器相比,自锁托槽矫治器更有利于牙周组织健康。     

龈沟液中天冬氨酸转氨酶及乳酸脱氢酶水平在牙周炎诊断中的作用

对３０例牙周炎患者的１２０颗牙及９例健康对照者的３６颗牙的龈沟液（Ｇｉｎｇｉｖａｌ Ｇｒｅｖｉｃｕｌａｒ ｆｌｕｉｄ，ＧＣＦ）中天冬氨酸转氨酶（Ａｓｐａｒｔａｔｅ ａｍｔｈｏｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｓｅ，ＡＳＴ）及乳酸脱氢酶（Ｌａｃｔａｔｅ ｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｓｅ，ＬＤＨ）水平进行了测定，发现牙周炎患者ＧＣＦ－ＡＳＴ及ＧＣＦ－ＬＤＨ水平明显高于健康对照者。并且两种酶水平与牙周临床指标呈高度正相关。提示     

自锁托槽与传统托槽矫治器对牙周健康影响的比较研究

目的 对比戴用自锁托槽与传统托槽矫治器后牙周指数的变化.材料和方法选取12～18岁正畸患者80例,按矫治器类型分为两组:实验组,40例采用AO公司生产的T3自锁托槽矫正的患者;对照组,采用杭州西湖公司生产的徐氏托槽矫正的患者40例.由同一牙周专科医师分别检测80例患者治疗前和治疗6个月的各项牙周指数(GI,PLI,SBI,PD).结果 治疗6个月后两组间牙周指数(GI,PLI,SBI,PD)差异无显著性.结论 自锁托槽矫治器不会更有利于牙周组织的健康,牙周的健康状况取决于患者的口腔卫生状况.     

Aspartate aminotransferase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment. A controlled short-term longitudinal study

BACKGROUND: During orthodontic tooth movement, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress involves an acute inflammatory response, with a sequence characterized by periods of activation, resorption, reversal, and formation in both tension and compression sites. This study used a longitudinal design to examine aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in order to assess whether AST in GCF has potential as a possible diagnostic aid to monitor tooth movement and tissue response during orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Eighteen patients (mean age, 16.1 years) participated in the study. An upper first molar from each patient undergoing treatment for distal movement served as the test tooth (TT), with its contralateral (CC) and antagonist (AC) first molars used as controls. The CC was included in the orthodontic appliance, but was not subjected to the orthodontic force; the AC was free from any orthodontic appliance. The GCF around the experimental teeth was collected from both mesial and distal tooth sites immediately before appliance activation, 1 hour after, and weekly over the following 4 weeks. Clinical gingival condition was evaluated at baseline and at the end of the experimental period. AST activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 30 degrees C, and the results were expressed as total AST activity (mU/sample). RESULTS: Throughout the experiment, AST levels were significantly elevated in all sites from the TT and CC groups compared to the AC group where, conversely, AST activity remained at the baseline level. However, enzyme levels in the TT group were significantly greater than in the CCs at tension sites on day 14, and in compression sites on days 7 and 14. Moreover, AST activity from the TT group was significantly greater in compression sites than in tension sites on day 7; this was not observed for the CCs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that AST levels in GCF reflect the biological activity which occurs in the periodontium during controlled occlusal trauma and, therefore, should be further evaluated as a diagnostic tool for monitoring correct orthodontic tooth movement in clinical practice.     

Aspartate aminotransferase levels in gingival crevicular fluid before and after initial periodontal treatment

The present study investigates the presence of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of untreated periodontal patients and determines the alterations in enzyme activity after the initial phase of periodontal treatment. From 12 patients suffering from advanced periodontitis, 54 pockets exhibiting severe attachment loss and depth > 4 mm were selected. Measurements of pocket depth (PD), attachment level (AL) and bleeding upon probing (BOP) were undertaken. For the GCF collection, sterile strips were gently placed at the previously isolated gingival crevice for 30 seconds and afterwards the GCF volume was determined with a Periotron 6000. The AST measurements were based on the establishment absorbency coefficient of NADH. The rate of decrease in the concentration of NADH is directly proportional to the AST activity in the sample. Four weeks after completion of the initial treatment, the patients were re-examined and the same clinical and laboratory measurements were performed. The parameters obtained were statistically analysed. The clinical parameters showed a statistically significant improvement, while the laboratory data expressed a statistically significant decrease of GCF volume as expected. Further, the sites were divided in two groups--pathological (pi) and physiological (phi)--according to Persson and Page (1991). After treatment a marked improvement concerning these values was noticed and it was noteworthy that these alterations occured regardless of initial AST presence.     

Glycosaminoglycans in human gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic movement

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were investigated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis of simultaneously collected samples from the mesial and distal surfaces of teeth in 3 groups of young persons. In a control group, which had not undergone orthodontic treatment, a major band of hyaluronic acid (HA) and a minor band of chondroitin sulphate (CS) were present. No differences in the mean content of either GAG between the mesial and distal surfaces were detected. From teeth undergoing movement by fixed appliances (active group), a raised mean level of CS was present in GCF from the surface towards which movement was directed. Teeth held passively by an appliance following cessation of active movement (retention group) showed raised levels of CS at mesial and distal surfaces. A heparan sulphate-like GAG was commonly present in this group only. No significant increase in the levels of HA were detected at the mesial and distal surfaces of either the active or the retention groups, despite increased GCF flow rates unassociated with more severe gingival inflammation. The GAG composition of GCF, particularly CS, appears to reflect changes occurring in the deeper periodontal tissues of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament during orthodontic treatment.     

固定矫治器对龈沟液中蛋白质成分的影响

目的检测青少年戴用固定矫治器前后龈沟液(GCF)中蛋白质成分的变化。方法随机选择接受双颌固定矫治器治疗的青少年患者40例。以首诊时的牙周状态为基线,佩戴固定矫治器后4、8、12周时复诊,分别记录菌斑指数、牙龈出血指数、测量探诊深度和附着丧失水平。采用滤纸条法收集龈沟液样本,对龈沟液总蛋白和钙结合蛋白进行检测分析。结果戴用固定矫治器后,GCF量、钙结合蛋白和总蛋白的含量均增加;在各检测时间点,钙结合蛋白/总蛋白的值差异无显著性。结论检测GCF中钙结合蛋白和总蛋白含量的变化,可以反映青少年戴用固定矫治器后的牙周健康状况。     

The level of cathepsin B in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement

This investigation examined gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of lysosomal cystein protease, cathepsin B (CAB), during human orthodontic tooth movement. The study included 10 patients (five males, mean age 22.5 +/- 2.8 years and five females, mean age 23.4 +/- 3.9 years), each having one tooth undergoing orthodontic movement, while the contralateral and antagonist teeth were used as the controls. The GCF was sampled at the control and treatment (compression) sites before activation and at 1, 24, and 168 hours. Prevention of plaque-induced inflammation allowed this study to focus on the dynamics of mechanically stimulated CAB levels in GCF. The CAB levels in GCF were determined by fluorospectrometry, using Z-Arg-Arg-MCA as the substrate and by Western blotting analysis. The GCF levels of CAB for the treated teeth were significantly (P< 0.001) higher than those of the control teeth at 24 hours. At the control sites, CAB levels at 24 hours did not change significantly with time. At the experimental site where orthodontic forces were applied, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the molecular forms were 29 kDa mature enzymes. These results indicate that the amount of CAB in GCF is increased by orthodontic tooth movement. This increased CAB may be involved in extracellular matrix degradation in response to mechanical stress.     

Aspartate aminotransferase increases in crevicular fluid during experimental periodontitis in beagle dogs

A ligature-induced periodontitis model employing the beagle dog was used to study the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in crevicular fluid before and after ligation. A significant increase in AST level occurred in crevicular fluid 2 weeks after ligation whereas no increase of enzyme was found in serum. Enzyme levels in crevicular fluid were 10- to 100-fold higher than in serum. Dental plaque did not appear to be the source of the enzyme. Since aspartate aminotransferase has been documented as a marker of cellular injury arising during heart disease and liver disease, this study suggests that aspartate aminotransferase, in like fashion, reflects cellular damage arising from active periodontal disease.     

Aspartate aminotransferase activity in crevicular fluid from dental implants

BACKGROUND: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme normally confined to the cytoplasm of cells, but released to the extracellular environment upon cell death. Its levels are associated with the severity of experimental gingivitis and the loss of periodontal attachment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and activity levels of AST in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PCF) from healthy and diseased endosseous implants in order to assess if AST in PCF can be further studied as a possible objective diagnostic aid in oral implantology. METHODS: Eighty-one fixtures from 81 systemically healthy subjects were divided into 3 groups, 27 healthy implants (HI), 27 implants with mucositis (MI) and 27 implants affected by peri-implantitis (PI) according to well-defined clinical and radiographic criteria. PCF was collected by the insertion of a #40 standardized endodontic paper point to the base of the crevice or pocket for 30 seconds. AST activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 25 degrees C. The results were expressed as AST Units/ml in PCF. RESULTS: An AST activity was detected in each sample from HI, MI and PI. The mean AST activity in HI was 0.26 +/- 0.16 U/ml; in MI, 0.38 +/- 0.27 U/ml; in PI, 0.62 +/- 0.29 U/ml. ANOVA showed that the difference among HI, MI, and PI was statistically significant at P <0.01 level. Post-hoc tests demonstrated that a significant difference in AST activity existed between HI/PI (t = 5.14; P<0.01) and MI/PI (t = 3.09; P<0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between HI/MI (t = 1.07; P >0.1) AST activity was significantly (P <0.01) associated with probing depth (r = 0.55), the amount of bone loss (r = 0.60) and bleeding on probing (r = 0.67). When the threshold for a positive AST test was set > or =0.4 U/ml, a sensitivity = 0.81 and a specificity = 0.74 were found in the detection of peri-implantitis; the positive predictive value was 61% and the negative predictive value was 88%. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, our results may suggest that PCF analysis could be further investigated in longitudinal studies as a suitable diagnostic strategy in the evaluation of dental implants.     

Lactate dehydrogenase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment.

During orthodontic treatment, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress involves several metabolic changes that allow tooth movement. Many studies have evaluated such modifications by analysis of various host metabolites released into the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This study used a cross-sectional design to examine the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in GCF to assess whether GCF LDH can be proposed as a sensitive marker for periodontal tissue modifications during orthodontic tooth movement. Thirty-seven subjects, 16 males and 21 females (mean age 18.7 years, range 14.0 to 26.7 years), participated in this study. Each subject underwent a session of professional oral hygiene and received oral hygiene instructions; 2 weeks later, a fixed orthodontic appliance was placed on the maxillary arch. A randomly selected maxillary canine was considered as the test tooth, and its antagonist, which had no appliance, was used as the control tooth. From 2 to 12 weeks after orthodontic appliance placement, GCF was harvested from both experimental teeth at the mesiobuccal angle, for GCF volume and LDH activity determinations. Clinical monitoring consisted of recording supragingival plaque presence, bleeding on probing, and probing depth at the same collection sites. The results showed that no differences in clinical conditions and GCF volume occurred between the experimental teeth. On the contrary, GCF LDH activity in the test teeth was significantly greater than that of the control teeth (P <.01). Moreover, no differences were found in the enzymatic activity between the sexes by experimental tooth, and no significant correlation was present between GCF LDH activity and patients' ages within experimental teeth. Our enzymatic results initially indicated a possible role of GCF LDH during the early phases of orthodontic treatment and therefore warrant further study as a possible diagnostic tool for tissue response during orthodontic treatment.     

Microbial factors and gingival crevicular fluid aspartate aminotransferase levels

Abstract. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the clinical application of chairside tests for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) aspartale amino-transferase (AST) levels and plaque BANA hydrolysis activity with the presence of the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinohacillus action-mycetemcomitans. The study comprised 100 periodontitis sites (pocket depths≥4 mm. GI = 3) from 10 patients with chronic adult periodontitis and 100 control sites (pocket depths <4 mm. GI<3) from 10 periodontally healthy patients comprising 55 healthy sites (pocket depths <4 mm. GI=0) and 45 gingivitis sites (pocket depths <4 mm, GI=1 or 2). The values for both BANA hydrolysis and AST levels were significantly higher in samples from periodontitis compared with gingivitis and healthy sites (p<0.001), A. actinomycetemcomitans was identified in 45% and P. gingivalis in 17% of periodontitis sites but neither pathogen was recovered from control sites and there was no significant correlation with (he clinical parameters measured. There was no significant relationship between the presence of P. gingivalis and/or A. actinmycetemcomitans with BANA hydrolysis or AST levels. A significant correlation (p=0.0017) was observed between BANA hydrolysis and pocket depth and between AST hydrolysis and the GI (p=0.01). This study failed to demonstrate a positive association between chairside analysis of GCF metabolites for AST levels and/or BANA hydrolysis with P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. However, the GCF metabolites had a significant correlation with periodontally diseased sites in patients with chronic adult periodontitis and may help confirm clinical observations.