阴道B超和宫腔镜诊治绝经后子宫出血110例

目的探讨阴道B超和宫腔镜检查在绝经后异常子宫出血病因诊断及治疗中的价值。方法应用阴道B超和宫腔镜检查110例绝经后异常子宫出血,以阴道B超测得宫内膜厚度≥4mm或提示宫腔有异常病变者为A组,〈4mm为B组,同时宫腔镜下取材进行病理组织学检查进行分析。结果①绝经后异常子宫出血的病因非器质性病变（萎缩/增生子宫内膜）居首位,共52例（A组13例,B组39例）,占47.3%;其次是宫腔内良性占位病变（内膜息肉,子宫黏膜下肌瘤,宫颈管息肉）,共45例（A组35例,B组10例）,占40.9%;子宫内膜癌与不典型增生为第3位,共13例（A组13例,B组0例）,占11.8%。②宫腔镜诊断子宫内膜病变的敏感性94.8%（55/58）,特异性96.2%（50/52）。绝经后宫腔内良性占位病变采用宫腔镜手术治疗,手术时间10～30min,除1例宫颈管息肉术后病理检查报告为重度不典型增生重新行全子宫切除外,其余患者术后随访3～24个月,平均15个月,均无异常发现。结论阴道B超可作为绝经后异常子宫出血的常规筛查方法,当结果为子宫内膜厚度≥4mm或宫腔有异常病变者须行宫腔镜检查治疗,阴道B超和宫腔镜检查是绝经后异常子宫出血病因诊断的最佳的诊断方法。宫腔镜是目前治疗绝经后宫腔内良性占位病变所致异常子宫出血的最佳方法。     

宫腔镜对围绝经期子宫出血病因诊断中的应用价值

目的　探讨宫腔镜检查 (HysteroscopyHS)对妇女围绝经期异常子宫出血 (Perimenopausalu terinebleedingPMUB)病因诊断的价值。　方法　对 15 8例PMUB进行病因诊断 ,在术中同时定位取活检及诊断性刮宫做病理检查。　结果　HS诊断子宫内膜病变的敏感性为 87 8% (79/90 ) ,对子宫内膜息肉样病变为 96 2 % (2 5 /2 6 ) ,子宫粘膜下肌瘤病为 (3/4) ,子宫内膜增殖症为 6 2 5 % (2 0 /32 ) ,子宫内膜癌为 (3/5 )。　结论　HS是PMUB患者首选的检查方法 ,可直视下观察子宫内膜的形态变化。与诊断性刮宫、取活检行病理检查联合应用是早期诊断宫腔病变的最佳手段     

宫腔镜检查诊断不孕症的效果

目的探讨宫腔镜检查诊断不孕症的效果。方法收集2018-01—2019-01间伊川县人民医院收治的108例不孕症患者,均根据妊娠史和阴道超声及宫腔镜等检查确诊。通过对临床资料的回顾性分析,探讨宫腔镜检查诊断不孕症患者的宫腔异常(子宫体病变即获得性宫腔异常和先天发育异常)情况。结果本组108例患者经阴道超声及宫腔镜检查,59例(54.63%)未发现宫腔异常。49例(45.37%)宫腔异常患者中,宫腔镜检查发现先天发育异常23例(46.94%),其中完全或不全纵隔子宫14例(28.57%)、单角子宫6例(12.24%)、双子宫畸形3例(6.12%);获得性宫腔异常的26例中,子宫内膜息肉12例(24.49%)、宫腔粘连10例(20.41%)、子宫黏膜下肌瘤4例(8.16%)。56例原发性不孕患者中,先天性子宫异常15例(26.79%),获得性宫腔异常10例(17.86%)。52例继发性不孕患者中,先天性子宫异常8例(15.38%),获得性宫腔异常16例(30.77%)。结论根据妊娠史和阴道超声等检查,可明确不孕症的诊断。对超声检查提示宫腔异常的不孕症患者,实施宫腔镜检查,有助于查明不孕症的宫腔因素,为不孕症患者的诊断和治疗提供可靠的依据。     

绝经期子宫内膜息肉临床特点分析

目的探讨绝经期子宫内膜息肉(endometrial polyp,EP)的临床特点,进一步指导临床诊治。方法回顾分析2005年6月~2014年10月我院妇科微创中心经病理确诊的403例EP的临床资料。结果 EP占同期绝经期宫腔内病变51.7%(403/779),有绝经后出血等临床症状占43.4%(175/403)。超声检查77.9%(314/403)的病人提示内膜回声不均,内膜厚度(0.8±0.4)cm;48.4%(195/403)的病人探及宫腔内占位性病变。宫腔镜诊断EP与病理的符合率达88.6%(357/403)。病理结果显示良性息肉占93.3%(376/403),恶性息肉占6.7%(27/403)。同时对息肉外宫腔其余部位内膜活检300例,EP同时合并内膜单纯增生及复杂增生占20.3%(61/300),非典型增生占2.7%(8/300),子宫内膜癌占1.0%(3/300)。结论 EP是绝经期女性最常见的宫腔内病变,宫腔镜是EP有效的诊治方法,需要同时行子宫内膜活检以防遗漏病变。     

宫腔镜检查诊断绝经后子宫出血的价值

目的 探讨宫腔镜检查对绝经后出血的诊断价值.方法 采用美国Stryker公司电视宫腔镜对120例绝经后出血行宫腔镜检查,行诊断性刮宫或直视下取活检,组织送病理.结果 宫腔镜检查120例分别为萎缩性子宫内膜58例,子宫内膜息肉19例,子宫肌瘤17例,子宫内膜增生9例,宫颈息肉8例,子宫内膜炎3例,子宫内膜癌2例,宫内节育器4例,与病理诊断的符合率分别为100%(58/58)、94.7%(18/19)、88.2%(15/17)、81.8%(9/11)、100%(8/8)、60.0%(3/5)、66.7%(2/3).结论 宫腔镜检查是寻找绝经后出血原因的有效方法,结合病理可提高诊断的准确性.     

宫腔镜诊断异常子宫出血488例分析

目的:探讨宫腔镜诊断异常子宫出血的效果。方法:应用宫腔镜检查异常子宫出血488例,术中定位取材或诊断性刮宫。结果:异常子宫出血类型及病理诊断符合率分别为:子宫内膜增生119例,93.7%(119/127),子宫内膜息肉104例,98.1%(104/106),粘膜下肌瘤85例,100%(85/85),子宫内膜炎76例,96.2%(76/79),宫内节育器41例,萎缩性内膜22例,95.6%(22/23),宫内胚物残留16例,100%(16/16),子宫内膜癌10例,90.9%(10/11)。结论:宫腔镜可发现宫腔内病变并对可疑病灶取材活检,使宫腔内病变的诊断更直接、准确。     

宫腔镜腹腔镜联合诊治90例女性不孕症分析

目的探讨宫腔镜、腹腔镜联合诊治不孕症的临床价值。方法对30例原发性不孕患者及60例继发不孕患者应用宫腔镜、腹腔镜联合检查治疗宫腔病变、盆腔病变,并行输卵管插管通液。结果原发性不孕患者中盆腔粘连和/或输卵管阻塞积水11例(12.2%),宫腔内病变5例(5.7%),子宫内膜异位症10例(11.1%),多囊卵巢综合症4例(4.4%)。继发性不孕患者中盆腔粘连和/或输卵管阻塞积水33例(36.7%),宫腔内病变13例(14.4%),子宫内膜异位症13例(14.4%),盆腔输卵管结核1例(1.1%)。对发现病变通过宫腔镜、腹腔镜实施相应手术。妊娠率达到42例(46.7%)。结论宫、腹腔镜联合诊治不孕症增加了疾病检出率,实现了两种微创手术优势互补、诊治同步,提高妊娠率,具有损伤小、恢复快、手术成功率高的特点。     

宫腔镜诊断和处理78例宫腔内占位的临床分析

目的　探讨B超诊断为宫腔内占位的妇科疾病类型和宫腔镜治疗的效果。　方法　回顾分析我院 2 0 0 0年 8月～ 2 0 0 1年 7月宫腔内占位 78例 ,在宫腔镜下检查和治疗后取下病变 ,并送病理。　结果　 78例中有症状者 6 2例 (79 5 % )。其中异常阴道出血者 5 8例 (74 4 % ) ,腹痛或异常阴道排液 4例 (5 1% ) ;其余 16例 (2 0 5 % )无症状查体发现。术中无 1例出现明显并发症。术后病理结果 :子宫内膜息肉 4 0例 ,单纯性增生 16例 ,复合性增生 1例 ,子宫内膜或腺体非典增生 3例 ,子宫内膜癌 1例 ,子宫肌瘤或腺肌瘤 11例 ,不全流产 1例 ,正常子宫内膜 5例 ,分别占 5 1 3% ,2 0 5 % ,1 3% ,3 9% ,1 3% ,14 1% ,1 2 8% ,6 4 1%。绝经期宫腔内的异常占位 ,85 7% (30 / 35例 )都是良性病变。术后随访 2～ 12个月 ,随访率 88 5 % (6 9/ 78) ,总满意率为 94 2 % (6 5 / 6 9)。绝经的 35例中 4例失访 ,31例全部满意手术结果。　结论　B超诊断为宫腔内占位的患者 ,以良性病变为主 ,绝经期的宫腔内异常占位 ,更适于宫腔镜手术。     

宫腔镜在异常子宫出血诊断中应用分析

目的探讨宫腔镜在异常子宫出血诊断中应用。方法采取宫腔镜对异常子宫出血诊断患者102例与取材标本病理进行对比,了解宫腔镜检查与病理诊断符合率。结果宫腔镜检查子宫内膜息肉诊断与病理诊断符合率为94.73%,宫腔镜检查子宫内膜增生诊断与病理诊断符合率为54.54%,宫腔镜检查正常子宫内膜诊断与病理诊断符合率为63.33%,子宫黏膜下肌瘤诊断与病理诊断符合率为82.35%,妊娠相关疾病诊断与病理诊断符合率为71.43%,子宫内膜癌诊断与病理诊断符合率为100%。结论宫腔镜在异常子宫出血诊断中具有高度特异性,显著提高诊断率,降低误诊率,是诊断宫腔内病变的金标准。     

宫腔镜诊断宫腔内病变的临床价值

目的评价宫腔镜检查对宫腔内病变的诊断价值。方法2005年1月～2007年12月,因B超发现宫内异常光团而行宫腔镜检查185例,统计分析不同临床表现患者的病理检查结果差异,并将术中宫腔镜诊断与术后病理诊断做对照分析。结果因体检行B超检查发现宫内异常光团97例,39例病理结果为子宫内膜息肉,14例为黏膜下肌瘤,良性病变居多;异常阴道出血61例,1例病理结果为子宫内膜癌,3例为腺体不典型增生。与术后病理诊断结果比较,宫腔镜术中诊断各种宫腔内病变的准确率均高于97％;除子宫内膜增生外,术中诊断各种疾病的特异性均高于99％;敏感性差异较大,诊断宫颈管息肉的敏感性为80％,诊断腺体不典型增生的敏感性仅为33．3％,诊断其他疾病的敏感性均在97％以上。其中子宫内膜息肉、宫颈管息肉、腺体不典型增生宫腔镜下各有2例诊断与病理不符。结论宫腔镜检查对诊断和鉴别宫腔内病变有很高的准确性,可以作为宫腔内疾病首选的诊断方法。     

不孕症实时三维超声造影检查体系的临床应用

目的探讨经阴道三维超声自由解剖(Omni-View)技术、宫腔声学造影和子宫输卵管实时三维超声造影相结合的实时三维超声造影检查体系在不孕症诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析246例因临床拟诊输卵管性不孕症接受实时三维超声造影检查体系检查的患者资料,其中56例同期接受宫腔镜检查并获病理结果,33例同期接受腹腔镜检查。结果 246例中,Omni-View成像检出宫腔粘连10例,子宫息肉15例,弓形子宫7例,不全纵隔术后2例。宫腔声学造影检出宫腔粘连50例,子宫息肉24例,内膜局部缺损2例。以病理结果为金标准,Omni-View技术诊断子宫息肉的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为33.33%(6/18)、92.11%(35/38)、73.21%(41/56);宫腔声学造影诊断子宫息肉的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为94.44%(17/18)、94.73%(36/38)、94.64%(53/56)。以病理结果为金标准,Omni-View技术诊断宫腔粘连的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为25.00%(8/32)、91.67%(22/24)、53.57%(30/56),宫腔声学造影诊断宫腔粘连的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为90.63%(29/32)、100%(24/24)、94.64%(53/56)。子宫输卵管实时三维超声造影与腹腔镜通染液检查对输卵管通畅程度判断的总符合率为86.36%(57/66),两种方法具有较高的一致性(Kappa=0.841,P0.001)。超声检查过程中,出现轻度不良反应84例,中度不良反应32例,均为非药物性不良反应,休息15~20min后症状均消失。结论通过实时三维超声造影检查体系可在一次系统检查中对宫腔输卵管进行全面评估,有助于临床不孕症的诊断。     

B超与宫腔镜诊治子宫异常出血的价值

目的探讨宫腔镜联合B超检查在诊断子宫异常出血中的应用价值。方法 2008年1月～2010年12月,采用宫腔镜检查联合诊断性刮宫或定位活检诊断子宫异常出血（abnormal uterine bleeding,AUB）528例,宫腔镜检查对可疑病变直视下活检病理作为诊断宫内病变的金标准。结果本组均顺利行宫腔镜检查,病理诊断子宫内膜癌10例,内膜增生198例,内膜息肉104例,子宫肌瘤或腺肌瘤121例,子宫内膜炎63例,妊娠机化组织16例,分泌期内膜16例。以分泌期内膜为病理阴性,其余需进一步处理者为病理阳性,B超诊断的准确率、灵敏性、特异性分别为90.3%（477/528）、92.6%（474/512）、18.8%（3/16）,宫腔镜分别为96.6%（510/528）、99.2%（508/512）、12.5%（2/16）,宫腔镜的准确率和灵敏性明显高于B超（χ2=16.886、28.701,P=0.000）,二者特异性差异无显著性（χ2=0.000,P=1.000）。结论 AUB均应先做B超检查,了解盆腔大致情况,如不能除外内膜病变,均应在宫腔镜下活检,获得病理诊断,有针对性地治疗。     

Significance of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility

Hysteroscopy is an excellent additional instrument for evaluating the uterine characteristics in infertile women. Retrospective study analyses the importance of hysteroscopy in diagnostic and treatment of infertility. Patients were selected from 1st Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ia?i during 1997 and 2004. Study group included 602 hysteroscopy performed in our clinic with 480 cases of infertility. 28.9% were primary infertility and 49.1% were secondary infertility, rest of percentage been intrauterine synechia, septum, polyps and foreign bodies. Polyp ablation located near the tubal ostia (50 cases), synechia repair (90 cases), were the most common operative procedures. Good results in removal of foreign bodies (16 cases) were obtained pregnancy rate more than 75%. Operative hysteroscopy is similar to diagnostic hysteroscopy except that a ideal hysteroscope is used to allow operating instruments such as scissors, biopsy forceps, electrosurgical or laser instruments, and graspers to be placed into the uterine cavity through a channel in the operative hysteroscope. Fibroids, synechia, and polyps can be removed from inside the uterus. Congenital abnormalities, such as uterine septum, may also be corrected through the hysteroscope.     

Ultrasound-guided unification of noncommunicating uterine cavities.

BACKGROUND: The benefits of ultrasound-guided hysteroscopic metroplasty have been well described in the management of the partial septate uterus. The use of ultrasonography at the time of hysteroscopy provides visualization of the intrauterine instruments within the uterine cavity. This report describes a case where ultrasound-guidance was used to enter a noncommunicating uterine cavity hysteroscopically. METHODS: A 22-year-old female after her third miscarriage experienced worsening dysmenorrhea. The patient underwent a laparoscopy and hysteroscopy to further evaluate the cause of pelvic pain and to treat the Müllerian anomaly. Under ultrasound-guidance, the 2 uterine cavities were unified by hysteroscopic metroplasty. RESULTS: Postoperative sonohysterography demonstrated unification of the 2 cavities. CONCLUSIONS: This unique application of ultrasound-guidance in hysteroscopic surgery may aid the surgeon in entering a noncommunicating uterine cavity.     

Hysterosalpingography versus sonohysterography for intrauterine abnormalities

Objective:

The hysterosalpingogram is commonly used to evaluate the uterine cavity and the fallopian tubes in the workup of infertile couples. The sonohysterogram is gaining popularity as part of this evaluation. This study compares hysterosalpingography to sonohysterography for the detection of polyps, cavitary fibroids, adhesions, and septae in infertile patients.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 149 infertility patients seen at a University Hospital Center, divisions of Reproductive Endocrinology and Interventional Radiology. Patients underwent hysterosalpingography and sonohysterography as part of their infertility evaluation. The reports were reviewed and findings like polyps, fibroids, adhesions, and septae were compared to the findings obtained at the time of hysteroscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of radiologic tests were the main outcome measures.

Results:

The sensitivity of hysterosalpingography and sonohysterography was 58.2% and 81.8%, respectively. The specificity for hysterosalpingography and sonohysterography was 25.6% and 93.8%. The differences in sensitivity and specificity were both statistically significant. Hysterosalpingography had a general accuracy of 50.3%, while sonohysterography had a significantly higher accuracy of 75.5%.

Conclusion:

Although hysterosalpingography is the standard screening test for the diagnosis of tubal infertility and can provide useful information about the uterine cavity, sonohysterography is more sensitive, specific, and accurate in the evaluation of the uterine cavity.     

自然流产后宫腔镜检查时机的探讨

目的探讨自然流产患者宫腔镜检查的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析我院2009年1月～2010年6月收治的462例有1次及以上自然流产史行宫腔镜检查的临床资料,对其宫腔镜检查的结果进行分析,对比1次、2次3、次及以上自然流产后宫腔镜检查的异常发生率,对其妊娠结局进行分析。结果 462例中宫腔镜检查异常者占52.6%(243/462),其中子宫先天发育异常14.3%(66/462),以子宫不全中隔最常见8.7%(40/462);获得性子宫异常占38.3%(177/462),以宫腔粘连最常见17.1%(79/462)。发生1次、2次、3次及以上自然流产患者分别占26.0%(120/462)、41.1%(190/462)和32.9%(152/462)。各组宫腔镜检查结果为正常、先天发育异常和获得性异常者分别占50.0%(60/120)、15.8%(19/120)和34.2%(41/120)4,8.4%(92/190)、14.2%(27/190)和37.4%(71/190),以及44.1%(67/152)、13.2%(20/152)和42.8%(65/152),3组宫腔镜检查结果构成比无统计学差异(χ2=2.272,P=0.686)。在获得性子宫异常中,宫腔粘连在发生1次、2次、3次及以上自然流产患者发生率为34.1%(14/41)、42.3%(30/71)和53.8%(35/65),随流产次数增加而升高。术后随访率95.5%(441/462)。1次、2次、3次及以上自然流产后进行宫腔镜检查治疗后再次流产率分别为0.8%(1/118)、2.7%(5/186)和9.5%(13/137),差异有显著性(χ2=13.531,P=0.001)。1次自然流产后进行宫腔镜检查治疗后再次妊娠超过28周占43.2%(51/118)。结论宫腔镜检查是自然流产患者早期诊治的简单、准确及必要的手段,建议自然流产患者在1次流产后尽早进行宫腔镜检查,及早干预。     

Diagnostic hysteroscopy after postmenopausal uterine bleeding

Hysteroscopy was done immediately before diagnostic fractional curettage in 93 patients with postmenopausal uterine bleeding, as well as in 84 control patients with premenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding. About 13% of patients in both groups were receiving hormonal therapy, while patients with intra-uterine devices were excluded from the study. Bleeding within the uterine cavity obscured the view at hysteroscopy in 3,6% of premenopausal patients, but in none of the postmenopausal patients. Comparison of the final diagnoses in the two groups revealed more endometrial polyps and carcinoma in the postmenopausal patients. However, no tissue for histological examination was obtained at fractional curettage in 28% of the postmenopausal patients, compared with only 4,8% of premenopausal patients (P less than 0,0001). Thus the combined use of hysteroscopy and fractional curettage significantly improves diagnostic accuracy in postmenopausal patients.     

1000 office-based hysteroscopies prior to in vitro fertilization: feasibility and findings.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hysteroscopy offers diagnostic accuracy and the ability to treat uterine pathology, but practitioners may be reluctant to perform it without a high index of suspicion because it traditionally requires an operating room. This study reviews the findings and feasibility of office-based diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy in an unselected in vitro fertilization (IVF) population to evaluate whether first-line hysteroscopy should be recommended. METHODS: One thousand consecutive infertile patients scheduled for in vitro fertilization underwent office hysteroscopy. A rigid 20-degree 5-mm hysteroscope, with an operative channel for grasping forceps, scissors, or coaxial bipolar electrode was used. Operative findings, complications, and patient tolerance were noted. RESULTS: Sixty-two percent of patients had a normal uterine cavity. Thirty-two percent had endometrial polyps. Other pathology included submucous fibroids (3%), intrauterine adhesions (3%), polypoid endometrium (0.9%), septum (0.5%) retained products of conception (0.3%), and bicornuate uterus (0.3%). The pathology was treated in all patients without complication. CONCLUSIONS: When hysteroscopy is routinely performed prior to in vitro fertilization, a significant percentage of patients have uterine pathology that may impair the success of fertility treatment. Patient tolerance, safety, and the feasibility of simultaneous operative correction make office hysteroscopy an ideal procedure.     

剖宫产子宫瘢痕憩室52例的临床诊治分析

目的探讨宫腔超声造影对于剖宫产子宫瘢痕憩室的诊断意义及不同微创手术方法的临床效果。方法选择本院2012年3月至2015年10月因剖宫产子宫瘢痕憩室住院行手术治疗患者共52例,术前行经阴道超声及宫腔超声造影检查,并测量憩室相关指标,全部患者分为A和B两组,A组32例行宫腔镜剖宫产子宫瘢痕憩室修补术,B组20例行宫腔镜探查术+腹腔镜剖宫产子宫瘢痕憩室切除术+子宫修补术,比较两组的手术时间、出血量、术后住院天数,以及两种手术方案治疗效果。结果宫腔超声造影检查诊断剖宫产子宫瘢痕憩室准确率100%,经阴道超声检查准确率80.8%。阴道不规则流血持续时间5d时,测量憩室长度为(9.3±0.5)mm,症状≤5d时,其长度为(7.6±0.6)mm,两组的憩室长度有显著的差异(P0.05﹚;后位子宫,测量憩室深度为(7.5±0.4)mm,前位子宫,其深度为(5.9±0.4)mm,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05﹚;A组在手术时间、出血量及术后住院天数均少于B组,两组比较具有统计学意义(P0.05﹚;两组术式均无手术并发症发生;A组手术有效率90.6%,B组有效率95%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宫腔超声造影在诊断剖宫产子宫瘢痕憩室时准确度更高,可以作为临床重要的辅助检查手段;剖宫产子宫瘢痕憩室的长度可能与症状的轻重有关,后位子宫较前位子宫更易发生剖宫产子宫瘢痕憩室;宫腔镜及宫腹腔镜联合手术在治疗剖宫产子宫瘢痕憩室时均取得了良好的临床效果,对于无生育要求的患者,宫腔镜手术是一种操作简便、恢复快且创伤小的治疗方案,对于有生育要求的患者,可选择宫腹腔镜联合手术,可以更好地修复憩室。