惠州市公务员代谢综合征与生活方式的相关性探讨

目的探讨惠州市公务员代谢综合征（MS）的患病情况及与生活方式的关系。方法对4828名公务员的体重指数、腰围、血糖、血脂、血压、生活方式以及代谢综合征的患病率进行描述性分析。结果公务员代谢综合征患病率为20.5%,患病率随年龄的增长而增长（P〈0.01）,男性高于女性（P〈0.01）,有不良生活方式者患病率高于一般人群（P〈0.01）。结论惠州市公务员MS患病率较高,与不良生活方式有关,需要进行生活方式干预;健康的生活方式包括健康饮食方式、足够的运动、良好的心态、不酗酒、不抽烟、认真对待自身情况等。     

Cardiac risk indices of staff of Federal University Of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Non-communicable diseases are the major health burden in the industrialized countries and are increasing rapidly in the developing countries owing to demographic transitions and changing lifestyles among the people. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasingly becoming a great cause of morbidity and mortality. A total of 100 senior and 141 junior staff in Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Imo State, Nigeria was randomly selected for a study on cardiac risk factors. A questionnaire was used to record cardiac risk indices like age, heredity, body mass index (BMI), tobacco smoking, exercise, serum cholesterol estimation, systolic blood pressure and sex. There was no significant difference between the senior and junior staff in sex distribution (P = 0.71), family history of CVD (P = 0.34), smoking habit (P = 0.85) and serum cholesterol (P = 0.89). Senior staff had significantly higher values in age distribution (P < 0.001), presence of systolic hypertension (P<0.001) and overweight (P < 0.001). Senior staff workers, were however, significantly less involved in moderate exercise than junior staff (P < 0.001). The senior staff had a significantly higher total score in CVD risk scoring than junior staff (chi2 = 7.25; P = 0.01). In conclusion, the risk of CVD among staff of FUTO is high especially among the senior staff. Health education campaign targeted at improving life style is strongly recommended.     

Relationship of hypertension to socioeconomic status in a West African population

Objectives: To determine whether hypertension rates were positively related to socio‐economic status (SES) in males in urban northern Nigerian civil servants in order to confirm this relationship previously observed in a southern Nigerian civil servant population which differed in tribal origin, religious practices and diet.

Methods: Civil servants were recruited from the Sokoto State ministries, Sokoto, Nigeria. Professionals and administrators were designated as higher SES, and clerks and laborers as lower SES. In addition to blood pressure, the height and weight of individuals, as well as their urinary sodium‐ and potassium‐creatinine, were also measured.

Results: The age‐adjusted occurrence of hypertension (systolic pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or current use of hypertension medication) was similar in male higher (n = 155) and lower (n = 255) SES groups aged 25–54, 19.3% and 19.8%, respectively. However, the age‐adjusted rate of definite hypertension (systolic pressure ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic pressure ≥ 95 mmHg or current use of hypertension medication) was considerably higher in the higher SES than in the lower SES men, 11.2% versus 3.6%. Age‐adjusted body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) was higher among the higher than in the lower SES group, 21.4 versus 20.4. Over‐night sodium excretion did not differ. Among female civil servants (n = 73) aged 20–44, there were few of higher SES (n = 19) precluding SES‐specific analyses. Total and definite hypertension rates among women were 17.2% and 5.5%, respectively. Mean BMI was 22.2. In logistic regression, definite hypertensive status was related to age group, BMI tertile, sodium excretion and SES in men and to sodium excretion in women.

Conclusion: Even in this very lean population, the higher risk for hypertension in males of higher SES was confirmed. This was explained, in part, by higher BMI.     

Coronary heart disease risk factors in a random sample of Athenian adults. The Athens Study

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases not previously investigated in Greece were studied in a random sample of 4,097 Athenian adults. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with age in both sexes. Similar findings were observed for mean serum total cholesterol up to age 50 years, but no significant changes were observed in older persons. Smoking was more common for men than for women and less common in those aged more than 50 years. Mean values of body mass index were higher for men than for women in those less than 45 years, but the opposite was observed for the older age groups. The age-adjusted prevalence rate of borderline hypertension was 10.1% for men and 9.1% for women and of stable hypertension (greater than 160/95 mmHg), 8.1% and 8.6%, respectively; the age-adjusted prevalence rate of obesity was 23.5% for men and 23.2% for women and of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol greater than or equal to 260 mg/100 ml), 20.1% for men and 17.3% for women. The associations of age and systolic blood pressure and of age and diastolic blood pressure persisted even after controlling for body mass index, total cholesterol, and smoking. In the examined representative sample, the prevalence rates of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are the same or greater than those in industrialized countries.     

上海市静安区公务员身体机能指标分析

[目的]通过对上海市静安区公务员身体机能指标的分析,促使公务员密切关注自身身体机能指标的变化,从而达到预防某些疾病之目的。[方法]运用文献资料法、测量法和数理统计法等对上海市静安区机关党工委和税务局262名公务员的身体机能指标进行测量与分析。[结果](1)静安区的公务员当中有少数患有轻度高血压和中度高血压,患高血压的比例男性公务员要显著地高于女性公务员。(2)静安区男性公务员的安静心率要高于女性公务员。[结论](1)静安区公务员的肺活量测量结果不太理想。5个公务员当中就有1个公务员的肺活量得分是不及格的。性别因素对静安区公务员的肺活量得分没有显著性的影响。(2)静安区公务员的台阶测试结果很不理想。每3个男性公务员当中就有一个台阶测试不及格。女性公务员台阶测试的不及格率为16.8%。性别因素对台阶测试的结果有着非常显著的影响。     

Gender and age differences in lifestyle factors related to hypertension in middle-aged civil service employees

The aim of this study is to identify lifestyle factors related to hypertension in man and woman workers, and to investigate age and gender differences in the relationships of the factors. From 6,000 civil service employees (4,937 men and 1,063 women) aged 40-69 years, information on lifestyle-related factors such as stress, exercise habits, preference for salty taste, alcohol drinking and smoking habits, and body mass index, as well as age and family history of hypertension was obtained through self-administered questionnaires in 1997. Hypertension was defined as either a systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg, a diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg, or undergoing treatment for hypertension, and was present by 37.0% in men and 19.6% in women. Only body mass index was a significant lifestyle-related risk factor common to both genders with an odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval in parentheses of 2.2 (2.0-2.5) for men and 3.2 (2.3-4.6) for women. Men and women who preferred salty taste showed multivariate adjusted odds ratios of 0.9 (0.8-1.1) and 1.5 (1.1-2.2) for hypertension, respectively. In the stratified subanalysis, women aged 50 years and over had a significant odds ratio of 2.7 (1.5-4.9), whereas women aged 40-49 years and men of all age classes failed to show significant relationships. Salt intake was suggested to be a key factor for hypertension particularly for women after menopause.     

Hypertension: an ongoing health hazard in Nigerian workers

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of occupation on blood pressure in an urban, male, employed population, eliminating life-style/urbanization effects which were not separated from occupation in earlier studies. In May 1983, a cross-sectional study of arterial blood pressure was carried out in 594 policemen aged 20-63 years (mean age, 26.2 years) and 521 male civil servants aged 20-63 years (mean age, 28.6 years) who acted as controls. Blood pressure was recorded on the right arm with an automatic sphygmomanometer. The mean of two cuff inflations was taken as the recorded blood pressure. A total of 175 civil servants (33.6%) and 145 policemen (24.4%) had blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg (p less than 0.001), while 49 policemen (8.2%) and 46 civil servants (8.8%) had blood pressure greater than or equal to 160/95 mmHg; this difference was not statistically significant. With the two-sample t test, however, there were no significant differences between policemen and civil servants except for systolic blood pressure at ages 20-24 years (p less than 0.001) and 30-34 years (p less than 0.001). Mean systolic pressure was higher in all age groups up to 45-49 years in civil servants; for ages 50-54 years and above, mean systolic pressure was higher among policemen. This study supports the view that differences in earlier reports were due to life-style/urbanization effects rather than to occupation per se.     

1244名高校教职工职业紧张与血压的关系

[目的]探讨高校教职工职业紧张(付出-回报失衡)与血压的关系。[方法]采用自填式中文版的付出-回报失衡问卷对云南省某综合性高校在职教职工1244人进行职业紧张测评,同时测量收缩压、舒张压。[结果]调整了年龄、受教育程度、工作部门、婚姻、工作年限、加班、锻炼、抽烟、饮酒、体重指数、既往高血压病史、生活压力相关因素后,女性随着回报的减少,收缩压、舒张压呈上升趋势;与高回报组相比,低回报组的收缩压高出3.27mmHg(P<0.05),舒张压高出3.19mmHg(P<0.05)。随着内在付出/回报比值的增加,收缩压、舒张压均呈上升趋势,与低内在付出/回报组相比,高内在付出/回报组的收缩压高出4.23mmHg(P<0.01),舒张压高出4.49mmHg(P<0.01)。男性此差异不显著。[结论]高校教职工的职业紧张与血压有关联,特别是女性在工作中内在付出-回报失衡与血压升高的关联更为密切。     

吉林省公务员生活方式病状况及对策研究

目的掌握吉林省公务员生活方式病现状,为制定干预策略提供依据。方法对2009年参加健康体检的吉林省某省直机关517名公务员的身高、体重、血压、腹部超声、血脂、血糖、血尿酸等指标进行检测分析,采用中华医学会糖尿病分会(CDS)诊断标准确定代谢综合征患者。结果脂肪肝的检出率为51.8%,超重和肥胖的检出率为51.3%,高脂血症的检出率为39.8%,高血压的检出率为35.8%,血糖偏高的检出率为22.4%,代谢综合征高的检出率为19.3%,高尿酸血症的检出率为17.6%。多数生活方式病的患病率随着年龄的增长而增加,并且男性的患病率明显高于女性。结论公务员的健康状况不容乐观,应针对个体不同的危险因素进行健康管理。     

郑州市公务员及事业单位人群多代谢异常的检出率

目的 了解公务员和事业单位人群多代谢异常现状,为该人群多代谢异常的预防和控制提供依据.方法 对河南省郑州市某医院2010年1-8月参加健康体检的12747名公务员及事业单位人群的高血糖、高血压的检出率和血脂异常率进行分析.结果 研究对象高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症、高低密度脂蛋白血症的检出率(标化检出率)分别为24.30％(20.66％)、31.07％(28.34％)、28.64％(27.85％)和18.18％(14.99％),高血糖、高血压的检出率(标化检出率)分别为14.11％(10.91％)和17.37％(12.92％).男性各种代谢异常组分的检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).女性5种代谢异常的检出率均随年龄的增长呈上升趋势(P＜0.05);男性高血糖、高血压、高甘油三酯血症、高低密度脂蛋白血症的检出率随年龄增长呈升高趋势(P＜0.05).研究对象存在高血压、高血糖、血脂异常中1种、2种、3种代谢异常者的比例分别为42.00％、15.42％和3.24％.男性存在1种、2种代谢异常的比例(47.16％、18.09％)均高于女性( 32.46％、10.44％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).全人群代谢异常最常觅的组合为高血压合并血脂异常(7.46％).结论 河南省郑州市公务员及事业单位人群多代谢异常率高,主要表现为血脂异常和高血压,男性代谢异常现状较女性严重,应加强该类人群多代谢异常的预防和控制工作.     

广州市某转型社区成人高血压影响因素分析

目的了解广州市萝岗区九龙镇九佛片区在社区转型过程中高血压流行的相关影响因素,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法确定调查样本,通过问卷调查深入了解15岁及以上调查对象的一般状况、吸烟、饮酒和高血压家族史等情况,体检获得血压值。采用Logistic回归方法分析高血压相关影响因素。结果共调查2980人,其中高血压患病者为610人,高血压粗患病率为20.5%,标化患病率为17.6%。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄大、职业、丧偶、戒酒、向心性肥胖和家族史是高血压的独立危险因素;女性、文化程度高、禽类及制品摄入少和中等工作强度为保护因素。结论该地区应以年龄大、男性和离退休人员或公务事业人员为高血压重点防治对象,针对吸烟、饮酒和肥胖等危险因素开展各种健康干预,提高居民健康意识,减少高血压的发生。     

Parental survival, an independent predictor of longevity in middle-aged persons

In a 25-year follow-up of 2370 middle-aged civil servants and spouses of civil servants, the authors studied the effect of the number of parents (none, one, or both) which a middle-aged person still has alive on this person's survival. Among men, no relationship was found with the number of parents alive after 15 years of follow-up and a weak gradient was found after 25 years. Among women, there was a clear gradient of mortality according to the number of parents alive, both after 15 and after 25 years. In a logistic regression analysis of mortality, after 25 years, the age-adjusted effect of having both parents alive relative to none was significant in men and women (for men: odds ratio = 0.63, 95% confidence interval = 0.42-0.97; for women: odds ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.19-0.69). These estimates did not change materially upon inclusion of other determinants for chronic disease and death into the model (smoking, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and body mass index). The authors concluded that the parental effect was independent of these risk factors.     

Alcohol drinking and high blood pressure: data from a 1980 national cardiovascular survey of Japan.

Many epidemiological cross-sectional studies have confirmed that alcohol drinking is related to high blood pressure. However, the impact of alcohol drinking on high blood pressure in the general population including older people has only been reported on in a few studies. The association between alcohol drinking and blood pressure or the prevalence of hypertension was examined using cross-sectional data of 4795 men and 6102 women aged 30-94, randomly selected from the Japanese population in 1980. The response rates were 74 and 84% for men and women, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension adjusted for body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was significantly higher in everyday male drinkers than in male non-drinkers from the youngest age group (30-39 years) to oldest age group (70 years and over). A relationship between alcohol and blood pressure was found only in the youngest age group (30-39 years) of female drinkers. In each 10-year age-group of men, the BMI-adjusted systolic and diastolic blood pressures in everyday drinkers were 7-10 and 4-6 mmHg higher than those in non-drinkers. The relationship between alcohol and blood pressure in men was confirmed by multiple regression analysis adjusting for age and BMI in both younger (30-59 years) and older (60-94 years) people. The impact of alcohol drinking on blood pressure in men should be taken into account in the primary prevention of blood pressure related diseases and in the treatment of hypertension in both younger and older people.     

事业单位人员脂肪肝患病率及危险因素分析

目的调查北京市通州区部分事业单位公务人员脂肪肝的患病率及其主要危险因素。方法测定1 336名体检者的体质指数、血压、血糖、血脂水平,并根据腹部B超检查结果诊断脂肪肝;代谢综合症(MS)采用中华医学会糖尿病分会的诊断标准。结果公务人员脂肪肝的患病率为30.4%(406人),脂肪肝的患病率存在性别差异(P<0.01),并具有随年龄增长而增高的趋势(Z=-8.500,P<0.01);脂肪肝的患病率与MS有关,合并MS者脂肪肝风险约增加6倍((OR=7.23,95%CI=4.86~10.76,P<0.01)),调整年龄、性别及年龄或性别与MS的交互项,Logistic回归显示性别对MS与脂肪肝的相关性具有一定的混杂作用(P<0.05);脂肪肝的患病率具有随合并MS的代谢异常数目增加而增高的趋势((Z=-17.941,P<0.01))。结论北京市通州区部分事业单位公务人员脂肪肝的患病率较高,且与年龄、性别及MS密切相关,但尚需进一步研究证实原因。     

北京市公务员超重、肥胖及生活方式调查

目的了解北京市公务员的超重、肥胖及生活方式状况,为相关干预措施的开展提供理论依据。方法本调查采取普查的方式,对49家北京市机关在编的全体公务员进行自填式问卷调查。结果被调查公务员中,超重率为37.3%,肥胖率为9.1%。超重肥胖者的总吸烟率是55.3%,其中男性吸烟率66.8%,女性吸烟率5.2%,51~60岁人群吸烟率最高;超重和肥胖者中几乎每天都饮酒的占9.6%,男性饮酒的频率高于女性,年龄较大者高于年龄较小者。在体育锻炼方面,超重和肥胖的调查者中仅有23.0%进行规律的体育锻炼,年长者进行规律锻炼的比例明显高于年轻者;公务员中超重肥胖者每天静坐6小时以上者占42.2%,女性、年龄较小者静坐时间长;其平均睡眠时间为6.8小时;25.2%的被调查者最近两周有不能排解的心理压力,年龄越小者报告最近两周有不能排解的心理压力的比例越大。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:吸烟、高频率饮酒和高频率油炸食品的摄入是超重/肥胖的危险因素,而常进行体育锻炼、新鲜水果的摄入则是保护因素。结论北京市公务员中超重、肥胖患病率较高,普遍存在着行为、饮食方面的不良习惯,应该尽快采取综合措施,开展针对性干预措施。     

重庆市部分公务员三年62169例健康体检状况评估与分析

目的监测与分析近年来重庆市公务员的健康状况,为公务员健康干预策略和预防保健工作提供科学依据。方法按照每10年为一个年龄组,对2008年1月1日至2010年12月31日连续3年重庆市部分公务员健康体检所检出的各类疾病情况进行汇总统计分析,比较不同性别和年龄组之间的差异。结果参检公务员62169例中检出的前5位疾病与异常情况及其检出率分别为：本次血压高与高血压有15074例（24．25％）,脂肪肝有14798例（23．80％）,高甘油三酯血症有14090例（22．66％）,高尿酸血症有11307例（18．19％）,骨质疏松与骨量减少有9293例（14．95％）;男性公务员血压异常、脂肪肝、高甘油三酯血症、高尿酸血症、骨质疏松与骨量减少、血糖紊乱、高脂血症等明显高于女性公务员（P〈0．01）;男性公务员血压异常、骨质疏松、血糖紊乱随年龄增长逐渐增加;脂肪肝、高甘油三酯血症、高脂血症检出率最高为41～50岁组;高尿酸血症以年轻男性为多。结论血压异常、脂肪肝、高甘油三酯、高尿酸血症在重庆市公务员中发病率较高,骨质疏松与骨量减少、幽门螺杆菌感染是近年来出现的新问题,应加强公务员的健康教育及健康干预,降低以上疾病的发生率,提高公务员健康水平。     

农村居民高血压患病及影响因素分析

目的 了解山东省中西部地区25岁~农村常住居民高血压流行现状及其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,对该地区的调查对象进行问卷调查、体格检查以及实验室检测,应用Logistic回归分析方法分析高血压相关影响因素。结果 该地区农村居民收缩压和舒张压平均水平分别为135,84 mmHg,男性收缩压和舒张压平均水平均高于女性,高血压粗患病率为43.8%,其中1,2,3级高血压患病率分别为24.4%,11.9%和5.8%。高血压标化患病为37.8%,男性为40.8%,女性为34.8%,男性高于女性。男、女高血压患病率均随着年龄的增高而升高。高血压患病的主要危险因素为年龄、体质指数(BMI)、高血压家族史、糖尿病、静态活动时间长、高饮酒量和碳水化合物供能比高;女性和高蔬菜摄入量为高血压的保护因素。结论 该地区农村居民高血压患病率较高,预防控制肥胖和糖尿病是高血压防治的重点。     

Alcohol consumption and blood pressure in Japanese men.

In a study of Japanese men, a nonlinear association of alcohol consumption and blood pressure was not observed. This cross-sectional study was conducted to clarify the effect of infrequent or light alcohol consumption on blood pressure in normotensive Japanese men. The subjects were 2,179 male workers ranging in age from 40 to 54 years. Drinking habits were represented by three indices: episodic alcohol consumption, frequency of drinking, and monthly alcohol consumption. Seven items were analyzed as covariates: age, body mass index, salt intake, physical activity, and levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, and plasma glucose. The association between drinking habits and blood pressure was evaluated by using analysis of covariance. Both episodic alcohol consumption and frequency of drinking were significantly associated with blood pressure in subjects aged 45 to 54 years. In those aged 40 to 44 years, there was a significant association between frequency of drinking and diastolic blood pressure. Significant associations of monthly alcohol consumption with blood pressure in every age group also were found. In subjects aged 45 to 54 years, linear associations between episodic alcohol consumption, frequency of drinking, monthly alcohol consumption, and adjusted blood pressure were observed. In those aged 40 to 44 years, nonlinear associations of monthly alcohol consumption and frequency of drinking with adjusted blood pressure were observed, and threshold effects of 540 ml of alcohol per month and a frequency of 1 to 12 days per month were found. In conclusion, habitual alcohol consumption increases blood pressure linearly in normotensive workers aged 45 to 54 years, although light consumption does not affect blood pressure in those aged 40 to 44 years.     

高血压与多种危险因素相关性分析

目的研究高血压患者与部分危险因素：体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、血脂、血糖（GLU）、年龄、吸烟和饮酒的相关关系。方法随机抽取平谷区2个乡镇，从中随机抽取1个生活社区和2个功能社区，每个社区按姓名的第1个字母的顺序抽取1个含有80例左右调查对象的群体。尽量兼顾各年龄段和男女比例。对抽取对象进行询问调查，同时测量血压和相关指标。结果共调查471人，高血压的患病率为40．76％。其中男性227人，占48．2％；高血压的患病率是48．02％。女性244人，占51．8％；高血压的患病率是34．02％。高血压组与正常血压组之间年龄、文化程度、肥胖情况（BNI指数和WHR指数）、饮酒、血脂（总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白）、血糖间均有差异；高血压组与正常血压组之间的吸烟情况和高密度脂蛋白不存在差异。结论高血压与多种心血管病发病因素存在相关联系；控制体重可能有效控制血压。     

肺炎衣原体感染与高血压关系的血清流行病学研究

目的探讨肺炎衣原体（CP）感染与高血压的关系以及与高血压的传统危险因素的交互作用对高血压的影响。方法选取内蒙古自治区14个村蒙古族居民1430人，其中高血压患者488例，非高血压者942人。采用ELISA法检测血清中的特异性CPIgG抗体。应用SPSS 13．0软件进行统计分析。结果高血压组和非高血压组间，CPIgG阳性率的分布差异有统计学意义，但调整年龄、性别、饮酒、吸烟、BMI和血脂异常后，这种显著性关联不存在；研究发现CP感染和性别、超重、血脂异常的交互作用与蒙古族高血压有关联，其OR值分别为13．916、5．785和2．935。结论CP感染与蒙古族高血压无关联，但与高血压的其他传统危险因素有交互作用，可使蒙古族人群患高血压的危险性增加。