树突状细胞抗病毒抗肿瘤临床应用探讨

树突状细胞(DC)是功能强大的抗原呈递细胞，它具有激活初始型T细胞和诱导初级免疫应答的特殊能力。近年来有关DC体外分离、培养和纯化技术、合理选择细胞因子激活；选择病毒或肿瘤抗原导入DC诱发细胞免疫等技术均有很大进展，将为临床上抗病毒、抗肿瘤的治疗开辟新的途径。本文综述了近几年有关DC在此领域方面的研究进展。     

树突状细胞与肿瘤免疫

树突状细胞 ( Dendritic Cell,DC)是一种重要的抗原提呈细胞 ( APC) ,能强有力地激发静息的T细胞 ,是体内激活幼稚 T细胞的主要 APC。近年来 ,DC的抗肿瘤免疫作用及其肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用倍受关注。本文对 DC的免疫学特性 ,DC与肿瘤的关系及其抗肿瘤作用和在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用最新研究进展作一综述。     

树突状细胞疫苗的研究进展

树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)是体内最强大的抗原呈递细胞(antigen presenting cell,APC),可在体内外向T细胞提呈肿瘤细胞的抗原,并诱发细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应,发挥抗肿瘤作用。在体内外用现代分子生物学技术,将肿瘤细胞、裂解的肿瘤细胞成分或肿瘤细胞的凋亡产物、肿瘤mRNA或DNA等修饰DC制成瘤苗,或者提取肿瘤患者DC中的Dexosomes制成疫苗等基于DCs的免疫疗法,为肿瘤患者的治疗开辟了一种新的途径,具有极其广阔的前景。     

树突状细胞与肿瘤免疫治疗研究进展

ＤＣ是目前发现的功能最强的ＡＰＣ，近年来对ＤＣ的研究为热点，本文对ＤＣ应用于肿瘤免疫治疗方面的研究进展进行了综述，包括ＤＣ与肿瘤发生发展的关系，各种形式瘤苗体外冲击致敏的ＤＣ诱导产生抗肿瘤免疫功能及机制，ＤＣ与肿瘤耐受等，并提出将ＤＣ应用于临床治疗肿瘤的一些注意事项。     

TGF-β1基因转染对大鼠树突状细胞生物学特性的影响

目的 研究转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)基因转染对大鼠树突状细胞生物学特性的影响。方法 将TGF-β1基因导入体外培养的大鼠树突状细胞，经过G418筛选后，采用Western blot和水貂肺上皮细胞(Mv1)生长抑制试验，了解转染细胞TGF-β1的表达及其生物学活性。通过混合淋巴细胞反应，观察转染的树突状细胞对T淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果 FGF-β1基因转染的树突状细胞可以分泌TGF-β1，而且具有特异性抑制Mv1增长的生物学活性。在混合淋巴细胞反应中，TGF-β1基因转染的树突状细胞对T淋巴细胞的增殖有抑制作用，而空载体pcDNA3对照组与未转染组的树突状细胞具有强烈的激发T细胞增殖的能力。结论 利用构建的TGF-β1表达质粒转染大鼠树突状细胞，转入的TGF-β1基因可以在树突状细胞内稳定表达，并且使树突状细胞的生物学特性发生相应的改变。     

树突状细胞与特异性肿瘤免疫治疗

树突状细胞（DC）是体内功能最强的抗原提呈细胞（APC）,也是抗原特异性免疫应答的始动者,由DC活的T细胞介导的免疫应答在机体抗肿瘤过程中起着主导作用。本主要对DC参与抗肿瘤的机制,DC与肿瘤免疫逃逸的关系及近年来DC在肿瘤生物治疗方面的研究进展作一综述,以DC为基础的肿瘤治疗主要有两种方式：（1）免疫治疗：肿瘤抗原体外冲击致敏DC后回输体内;（2）基因治疗：以目的基因转染DC后回输体内。     

增强恶性胶质瘤树突状细胞疫苗疗效的策略

恶性胶质瘤是最常见的颅内恶性肿瘤.近年来,树突状细胞(DC)疫苗在治疗恶性胶质瘤方面取得了一定进展.研究证实,DC疫苗能延长恶性胶质瘤患者的生存期.负载胶质瘤抗原的DC疫苗有效克服胶质瘤细胞引起的免疫抑制,激活机体免疫系统清除胶质瘤的同时对正常细胞不造成伤害,故其在恶性胶质瘤治疗上有良好的应用前景.高特异性抗原的选择、对肿瘤微环境中调节性因子及DC表面分子的调节等多种免疫策略的采用可有效提高DC疫苗激活机体免疫系统的能力.     

肺癌树突状融合细胞的制备及其生物学特征

目的 探讨利用杂交瘤技术制备肿瘤疫苗的方法,研究肺癌树突状融合细胞的生物学特征。方法 用ＰＥＧ法将ＨＧＰＲＴ缺陷型Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌细胞株ＡＬ９９０１与小鼠骨髓诱生的树突状细胞进行融合,ＨＡＴ筛选融合克隆;Ｓ－Ｐ免疫细胞化学法鉴定融合细胞表型;对融合细胞进行生曲线、克隆形成和体内成瘤等鉴定。结果 树突状细胞与ＡＬ９９０１及６：１比例融合,融合率约为３０％。融合细胞ＦＬＤ－Ａ１１可在体外传代培养,表型为ＣＤ８０＾＋、ＣＤ４０＾＋、Ｈ－２Ｋ＾ｂ＋、ＭＩＤＣ＾＋和肺癌抗原阳性。ＦＬＤ－Ａ１１不能在软琼脂培养基中形成克隆,动物体内不能形成肿瘤。结论 利用杂交瘤技术制备的ＦＬＤ－Ａ１１细胞,具备了在体内激活抗特异性地抗肿瘤细胞免疫功能的分子表型;该细胞不存在体内成瘤的危险。本研究为ＦＬＤ－Ａ１１作为肿瘤疫苗,用于特异性抗肿瘤     

骨髓基质细胞的生物学特性研究进展

骨髓分造血和基质两大系统，其成骨能力来源于基质系统。骨髓基质细胞(Bone marrow stromal cells，BMSC)中的部分细胞有自我复制，高度增殖和多向分化的能力，在特定培养条件下可向骨、软骨、神经胶质细胞、心肌、骨胳肌、脂肪细胞、血管内皮细胞等间叶组织细胞转化，故又将这些细胞称为间充质干     

树突状细胞与恶性血液病的免疫治疗

树突状细胞(dendritic cell, DC)是目前发现的 功能最强的抗原递呈细胞(antigen-presenting cells, APC),其对肿瘤的免疫治疗是现今肿瘤和免疫学研 究的热点和重点。有关DC免疫治疗的基础研究较 多,而对其临床应用的研究较少。     

树突细胞与支气管哮喘

作为抗原呈递细胞,树突细胞是识别抗原并将其呈递给免疫系统细胞的主要细胞。呼吸道树突细胞在气道黏膜下捕捉抗原,游走至引流淋巴结,将抗原呈递给初始T淋巴细胞。本义通过文献复习,综述了树突细胞的分布,免疫学特性及其生物学功能。并阐述近年来对哮喘病人及哮喘动物模型树突细胞的研究结果。目前认为树突细胞是诱导和维持嗜酸性细胞气道炎症的基础,这一认识为支气管哮喘的预防和治疗提供了新的思路。     

树突状细胞疫苗与泌尿系统肿瘤的生物治疗

肿瘤生物治疗的基本策略之一是激活肿瘤抗原特异性的细胞毒T细胞,诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应,这一过程必须要有抗原提呈细胞的参与.树突状细胞的抗原提呈功能极强,它能激活幼稚T细胞分化增殖,并建立初级免疫反应.近年来研究应用多种形式的抗原(肿瘤细胞裂解物、肿瘤蛋白、RNA等)负载树突状细胞,再将经过修饰的树突状细胞回输入动物模型或人体内,取得了较好的效果.本文综述了近年树突状细胞的研究进展及其在泌尿系统肿瘤的中研究和应用情况.     

Dendritic cells as vectors for immunotherapy of tumor and its application for gastric cancer therapy

Dendritic cells(DCs) are recognized as the most potent antigen-presenting cells(APCs) with the ability tostimulate naive resting T cells and initiate primary immune responses.DCs are poised to capture antigen(Ag),migrate to draining lymphoid organs,and,after a process of maturation,select Ag-specific lymphocytes towhich they present the processed Ag,thereby inducing immune responses.Numerous studies indicated thatimmunotherapies utilizing DC-presenting tumor-associated antigens can safely be administered to cancerpatients and induce significant immunologic and clinical responses.Moreover,it has been demonstrated thatDCs are related to clinical stage,invasion,metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer.DC-based tumor vaccinesbecome a new effective immunoadjuvant therapy for gastric cancer.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(5):351-356.     

基于树突状细胞的肿瘤免疫治疗

恶性肿瘤严重危害人类健康,人们力求通过手术、放疗、化疗、免疫治疗等多种途径,达到控制甚至消灭肿瘤、维护机体健康的目的.随着医学科学的飞速发展,不论在实验研究还是临床应用中,基于树突状细胞的肿瘤免疫治疗正不断出现令人鼓舞的新成就.本文从树突状细胞的来源、分化成熟、抗原提呈机理及抗肿瘤治疗的实验研究、临床应用等方面进行综述.     

Dendritic cells as a pharmacological target of traditional Chinese medicine

Dendritic cells （DCs） represent a heterogeneous population of professional antigen-presenting cells （APCs） that play a central role in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. There is considerable evidence that DCs can be used as therapeutic targets for pharmacological modulation of immune responses. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long-standing history of using herbal medicine in the treatment of variety of human diseases. Many of the clinical effects of TCM have reportedly been attributed to the up- or down-regulation of immune responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that TCM and its components can interfere with immune responses at the earliest stage by targeting key functions of DCs. Here, we review those published studies of TCM with respect to their effects on immunobiological functions of DCs. Investigations based on both chemical entities derived from TCM as well as TCM herbal mixtures are presented. These studies suggest that various TCM herbal medicines have the capacity to inhibit or promote major functions of DCs, such as differentiation, maturation, cytokine production, survival, antigen uptake and presentation as well as trafficking. These studies have revealed novel biological effects of TCM and documented the utility of this approach to discover novel biological modifier of DC functions derived from natural sources.     

Dendritic cells in the bursal follicles and germinal centers of the chicken's caecal tonsil express vimentin but not desmin

Background: Immunohistochemical studies with anti-vimentin and anti-desmin monoclonal antibodies were designed to determine the origin of bursal secretory dendritic cells (SDC) and follicular dendritic cells. Methods: The binding sites of anti-vimentin, anti-desmin, and antichicken-IgG specific monoclonal antibodies were visualized with a biotinylated anti-mouse-IgG, ABC Elite kit, and 4-chloronaphthol. Cells were double stained (anti-vimentin and rabbit anti-chicken-IgG Fc) to determine if the vimentin positive cells possessed surface IgG. Results: Vimentin positive cells were observed in the cortex and medulla of the bursa and germinal center and lymphoepithelial compartment of the caecal tonsil. The mesenchymal reticular cell, the basic supporting cell of the germinal center, was stained prominently by anti-vimentin and anti-desmin. Both antibodies stained the bursal cortex but only anti-vimentin bound the bursal secretory dendritic cell of the medulla. In addition to being vimentin positive and desmin negative, the bursal secretory dendritic cell possessed and the follicular dendritic cell appeared to possess IgG on their surfaces. In all the observations, B-cells were vimentin negative. Conclusion: These studies suggest that follicular dendritic cells and mesenchymal reticular cells in the caecal tonsil's germinal centers may be functionally different cell populations while the bursal secretory dendritic cell and follicular dendritic cell of the caecal tonsil may have a common origin. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Erratum: Recent Advances in Dendritic Cell Biology

Dendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells that are central to the induction and regulation of immunity. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of dendritic cell biology.     

Dendritic cells modulate c‐kit expression on the edge between activation and death

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in immunity and tolerance. Some DCs express c‐kit, the receptor for stem cell factor (SCF), nevertheless c‐kit functional role and the regulation of its expression in DCs are incompletely defined. We recently demonstrated that autocrine SCF sustains a pro‐survival circuit, and that SCF increases phospho‐AKT in c‐kit+ mouse bone marrow‐derived DCs (BMdDCs). Herein we observed that CpG and PolyI:C, two stimuli mimicking bacterial and viral nucleic acids respectively, strongly inhibited c‐kit expression by BMdDCs and spleen DCs in vitro and in vivo. Experiments in IFNARI^?/? mice showed that IFN‐I pathway was required for c‐kit down‐regulation in cDC1s, but only partially supported it in cDC2s. Furthermore, CpG and PolyI:C strongly inhibited c‐kit mRNA expression. In agreement with the reduced c‐kit levels, SCF pro‐survival activity was impaired. Thus in the presence of exogenously provided SCF, either PolyI:C or CpG induced spleen DC death in 2 days, while at earlier times IL‐6 and IL‐12 production were slightly increased. In contrast, SCF improved survival of unstimulated spleen DCs expressing high c‐kit levels. Our studies suggest that c‐kit down‐modulation is a previously neglected component of DC response to CpG and PolyI:C, regulating DC survival and ultimately tuning immune response.     

树突状细胞与特异性细胞免疫

树突状细胞是目前发现的递呈功能最强的抗原递呈细胞,它在抗原摄取与递呈方面的独特作用越来越引起人们的重视;同时,它通过提供双信号刺激、细胞辅助作用、细胞因子等直接和间接地启动特异性细胞免疫。在免疫应答中发挥着极其重要的作用。