强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节CT诊断价值

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节改变的CT表现,以提高诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾分析50例AS患者的骶髂关节CT表现特点,其中男37例,女13例,平均年龄40.0岁。结果 50例强直性脊柱炎患者,早期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)10例(20%),CT表现为骶髂关节面毛糙、模糊,关节面下骨质粗线状增生、硬化,局部少许小囊状侵蚀及骨质疏松。进展期(Ⅲ级)31例(62%),CT主要表现为关节面边缘不光整,呈锯齿状改变,关节面下骨质囊状破坏,其周围见斑片状、条状骨质增生硬化及斑片状骨质疏松,关节间隙宽窄不等,局部可见桥状相连、斑点状及线状钙化。稳定期(Ⅳ级)9例(18%),CT主要表现为关节面模糊不清,关节间隙消失融合,出现骨性强直。结论骶髂关节CT检查有利于AS的早期诊断。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节的CT诊断价值

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者骶髂关节病变的CT表现,并评价其对早期诊断的意义。方法对46例经临床证实AS患者骶髂天节病变的CT表现进行了回顾性分析,并参照修订的AS纽约标准（5级分类法）对全部患者的骶髂关节病变进行了分级。结果研究证实,本组46例均有异常CT表现。其中,Ⅱ级（早期,7例）CT表现为骶髂关节受累,关节面轻度硬化、毛糙,皮质白线消失,关节面细小囊变,但关节间隙仍正常;Ⅲ级（进展期,35例）CT表现为骶髂关节面呈虫蚀状侵蚀,软骨钙化,关节面骨质增生硬化,关节间隙略增宽或不均匀变窄;Ⅳ级（晚期,4例）CT表现为关节骨性强直,关节间隙消失。结论CT能清晰显示骶髂关节的微细结构及其病理改变,极有利于诊断AS患者早期骶髂关节病变。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节的CT表现(附80例病例分析)

目的总结强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节的CT表现.方法分析80例临床诊断肯定的强直性脊柱炎病例的骶髂关节CT检查资料.结果80例中73例骶髂关节有异常表现,包括1、早期(1)双侧关节对称性受累,极少数可单侧受累;(2)骨关节面毛糙、皮质白线消失;(3)骨关节面皮质中断;(4)关节面下微小囊变;(5)骶髂关节髂骨面轻度硬化.2、进展期(中期)(1)骶髂关节关节面不光整,局部呈锯齿状或毛刷样改变;(2)骶髂关节关节面下小囊状骨质破坏;(3)关节面周围明显增生硬化;(4)关节间隙假性增宽;(5)关节间隙不规则狭窄;(6)关节间隙不规则真空.3、稳定期(晚期)(1)韧带骨化;(2)关节骨性强直、关节间隙消失;(3)明显骨质疏松、硬化.结论骶髂关节CT检查有助于强直性脊柱炎的早期诊断,提高诊断的准确性.且有助于临床对病程分期.     

强直性骶髂关节炎的42例CT诊断

目的：回顾性分析强直性脊柱炎的骶髂关节CT表现及诊断价值。方法：分析42例临床诊断为强直性脊柱炎的骶髂关节的CT征象,进行分级,并与临床分期对照。结果：临床早期CT级表现骶髂关节的面呈对称性或不对称受累,关节面毛糙。皮质白线消失．骨关节面皮质中断．关节面下小囊变。临床中期CT级,表现为骶髂关节面局呈锯齿状或毛刷状改变．关节面下小囊状骨质破坏及其周围增生硬化。关节间隙假性增宽或不规则狭窄,关节间隙内含气征。晚期CT级为临床稳定期,可见韧带钙化,关节骨性强直和关节间隙消失。明显骨质疏松,为临床稳定期。结论：CT能够清晰显示骶髂关节的细微结构．作出正确的分级诊断,为临床分级提供依据。     

多层螺旋CT在强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变中的应用价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT在强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节病变的应用价值。方法:56例临床确诊为强直性脊柱炎患者行骶髂关节多层螺旋CT检查,观察骶髂关节病变的CT表现及影像学特征。结果:强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的多层螺旋CT表现特征为病变主要累及骶髂关节的髂骨侧,表现为关节软骨钙化、关节面毛糙、骨性关节面下多发小囊状骨质吸收、破坏伴不同程度骨质增生硬化,骶髂关节间隙狭窄、消失、关节骨性融合及骶髂韧带钙化等。结论:多层螺旋CT对强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节病变的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要的应用价值。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变早期的CT特征研究

目的：研究强直性脊柱炎（AS）骶髂关节病变早期的CT特征。方法：对23例AS患骶髂关节病变的CT征象进行了分析。结果：23例AS患中，骶髂关节双侧受累18例，单侧受累5例；14例为早期病变的CT表现，其中4例为可疑病变，10例CT表现为骨皮质限局性硬化， 关节面模糊不清或斑点状脱钙，软骨下微小囊变，这些表现多见于骶髂关节中下部髂骨面，关节间隙基本保持正常或略增宽。结论：CT能清晰地显示早期AS骶髂关节病变并作出早期诊断。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT表现

目的：通过对40例强直性脊柱炎（AS）骶髂关节CT扫描，以提高其鉴别诊断水平。方法：分析40例AS患者的骶髂关节CT表现特点。结果：骶髂关节早期CT表现为关节间隙正常，骨性关节面侵蚀破坏，基本呈对称性，关节面骨皮质毛糙不整，局限性微小皮质破坏或局限性硬化：进展期为双侧骶髂关节面广泛骨皮质破坏，呈锯齿状或毛刷状，局部骨质硬化明显，关节间隙不规则变窄或增宽：晚期为关节骨性强直和普遍性骨质疏松。骶髂关节韧带部也可发生骨侵蚀和囊变；结论：AS骶髂关节的CT表现特点，有助于临床的早期诊断，提高诊断准确率。     

影像学对强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的诊断价值

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节改变的影像学诊断价值。方法回顾性分析98例经临床证实的AS患者的骶髂关节CR、CT及MRI表现特点,包括分级、部位和数量、钙化、关节间隙变化及关节面下骨质改变等。结果AS骶髂关节病变的CR正位及斜位片显示:骶髂关节间隙变窄67例,关节面致密硬化22例,囊变15例,关节强直17例,钙化38例;CT显示:病变主要累及骶髂关节滑膜部髂骨侧,软骨钙化55例,关节间隙变窄42例,关节面及面下骨质结构囊变43例,硬化65例,骶髂韧带钙化52例;MRI显示:关节软骨破坏40例,病变区周围水肿57例,骨内脂肪沉积15例。结论对AS骶髂关节的检查,CR为最基本的方法,CT对AS的分级较准确,而MRI对AS骶髂关节病变可做出早期诊断。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT诊断

目的：探讨CT对强直性脊柱炎（AS）患骶髂关节病变的早期诊断价值。方法：收集33例AS患的临床及CT资料进行分析。 参考相关献将骶髂关节病变分为：0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。结果：33例AS患的64个骶髂关节受累，其中双侧受累31例，单侧2例。2个骶髂关节表现正常为0级；19个关节表现为轻度受侵破坏，关节面模糊，骨质疏松定为I级；22个关节表现为明显破坏，关节面呈锯齿状或串珠状参差不齐或皮质中断，关节面下可见囊状吸收区，周围骨硬化，关节间隙假性增宽定为Ⅱ级；23个关节表现为关节强直，关节间隙变窄，可见骨小梁通过关节，严重关节呈骨性融合定为Ⅲ级.结论：根据骶髂关节的CT表现，结合临床资料，可准确诊断早期AS。     

MRI和CT诊断早期强直性脊柱炎累及骶髂关节病变的应用分析

目的 探讨MRI和CT诊断强直性脊柱炎(AS)累及骶髂关节病变的临床价值。方法 选取收治的100例疑似AS骶髂关节病变患者，均行CT与MRI检查。分析CT与MRI对AS累及骶髂关节病变的诊断结果。结果 本组AS累及骶髂关节病变患者中MRI诊断阳性73例，CT诊断阳性63例。MRI诊断AS累及骶髂关节病变的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值、符合率均高于CT检查，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI对AS累及骶髂关节面侵蚀、关节面下骨质囊变、关节软骨肿胀、骨髓水肿的诊断率高于CT检查，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MRI与CT检查对于骶髂关节间隙增宽或狭窄、关节面增生硬化的诊断率比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AS累及骶髂关节患者的MRI主要表现为滑膜组织增厚，呈等长或略长T₁、长T₂信号，增强后呈中度至明显的强化，且关节软骨边缘毛糙，关节面下骨质内见片状异常信号。CT影像主要表现为关节面骨质呈锯齿状，且伴有多发小囊变，关节间隙模糊、变窄，受累处通常位于关节中下部，髂骨侧较为明显。结论 MRI早期诊断AS累...     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.