Functional outcomes of two types of subtotal colectomy for slow-transit constipation: ileosigmoidal anastomosis and cecorectal anastomosis

BACKGROUND: Some patients with severe slow-transit constipation may benefit from subtotal colectomy, but there is no consensus on standard operative mode. The aim of the study was to compare the functional outcomes of subtotal colectomy with cecorectal anastomosis (CRA) with those of subtotal colectomy with ileosigmoidal anastomosis (ISA) in patients with severe slow-transit constipation. METHODS: Records of 79 patients who received preoperative investigation to confirm slow transit at our institution from 1989 to 2004 and subsequently received colectomy with CRA (n = 34) or colectomy with ISA (n = 45) were reviewed. The mean follow-up was 2 years (range 1-15). RESULTS: Postoperative defecation frequency increased and symptoms such as bloating and abdominal pain decreased in both groups. More CRA patients than ISA patients experienced persistent constipation and continued using laxatives or enemas at the 12-month follow-up. More ISA patients (93.3%) than CRA patients (73.5%) were satisfied with the procedure, whereas some patients in both groups complained of excessively high stool frequency and fecal incontinence. CONCLUSION: Both CRA and ISA procedures increase the number of bowel movements; however, ISA results in higher defecation frequency, less use of laxatives and enemas, and higher patient satisfaction.     

Colonic pseudo-obstruction with distinct transitional zone in adult constipation patients: pathological analysis and results of surgical treatment

There are subsets of chronic constipation patients showing features of colonic pseudo-obstruction (CPO) with distinct transitional zone (TZ). We intended to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes of these patients. Twenty-five consecutive patients who underwent surgery for constipation over the 9-year period were analyzed. TZ (+) group was defined as patients showing symptoms or signs of large bowel obstruction with dilated proximal and collapsed distal colon around the TZ at the time of operation, but without any evidence of mechanical causes of obstruction. Nineteen (76%) patients had features of CPO with TZ. All TZs were located in the left colon. Pathologically, segmental hypoganglionosis was identified at the TZ in all TZ (+) patients. On the other hand, pathologic diagnosis was intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B in the remaining six (24%) patients having a uniform colon diameter without demonstrable dilatations (TZ (-) group). Among TZ (+) patients, 17 (90%) underwent total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and two (10%) underwent enterostomy. Long-term follow-up (median 56 months) showed no recurrence of constipation in this group of patients. All six TZ (-) patients underwent total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and two (33%) of them had persistent symptoms of constipation on long-term follow-up (median 60 months). In a subset of adult constipation patients presenting with features of CPO with TZ, segmental hypoganglionosis was the final pathologic diagnosis. Constipation patients with features of CPO with distinct TZ in the left colon are expected to benefit from surgical intervention.     

Subtotal colectomy for colonic inertia

The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of subtotal colectomy for colonic inertia (idiopathic slow transit constipation) that was resistant to laxative treatment. Twenty-four patients, 19 women and 5 men, with a mean age of 37 years, underwent subtotal colectomy with ileorectal or ascendo-rectal anastomosis. All patients were available for follow-up, with a mean follow-up of 23 months. Bowel frequency was significantly increased from 1.4+/-0.9 times per week to 22.8+/-9 times per week (average 3.2/day) after surgery (P <0.0001). The incidence of abdominal pain was decreased from 75% to 17%, as well as the severity (P <0.0001). Two patients who underwent ascendo-rectal anastomosis developed recurrent constipation. Two patients used antidiarrheal medication regularly. There was no major postoperative morbidity. Five patients were re-admitted due to small bowel obstruction; four received successful conservative management, and one required enterolysis. 'Excellent' or 'good' outcomes were reported by 21 patients (87.5%). Subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis produces satisfactory results in the majority of patients with proven colonic inertia.     

外科治疗顽固性慢传输性便秘的疗效评价

目的:研究顽固性慢传输性便秘（STC）外科治疗方法与结果。方法:回顾分析我院近几年来治疗STC 24例患者的临床资料。结果:18例患者接受全结肠切除术治疗，6例接受结肠次全切除术，其中14例合并有出口梗阻性便秘（OOC）的患者，术前都给予相关手术矫治，手术治愈率95.8％，术后大便次数平均为（3±1.9）次/d。腹胀由术前的75.0％降为12.5％。1例术后便秘症状复发。结论:结肠切除术是治疗STC的理想手术方式，为保证手术取得良好效果，对合并有OOC的患者术前应行积极矫治处理。     

Videolaparo-assisted subtotal colectomy with cecorectal anastomosis in the treatment of chronic slow transit constipation

Mechanical cecorectal anastomosis after subtotal colectomy, in the treatment of slow transit constipation, probably represents the most attractive surgical alternative to total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis. In fact the operation allows better results in terms of postoperative diarrhoea, fecal incontinence and postoperative adherential syndrome. Literature data have demonstrated the feasibility of the laparoscopic approach with tipically advantages of less invasive surgery respect of parietal integrity,less postoperative pain and ileus, fewer postoperative adhesions, a reduced hospitalitation and finally, a better cosmesis. The Authors report a case of mechanical end to end cecorectal anastomosis after laparo-assisted subtotal colectomy (by four trocars) preserving superior rectal and ilecolic vessels, for the treatment of slow transit constipation in a 20 years old male patient .The reported operative approach which links tipical laparoscopic advantages to a more "safety" and "accurate" extracorporeal mechanical anastomosis.     

外科手术对顽固性便秘并继发性巨结肠的疗效研究

目的：探讨不同手术方式治疗顽固性便秘并继发性巨结肠的疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年6月至2013年1月在南京军区南京总医院全军普通外科研究所接受手术治疗的112例顽固性便秘并发继发性巨结肠患者的临床资料,全组患者便秘病程4～22年,其中74例既往接受过腹部中等以上手术。手术方式：（1）金陵术（结肠次全切除加升结肠-直肠后壁侧侧吻合术）81例,其中24例接受腹腔镜辅助金陵术,18例加末端回肠保护性造口术;（2）结肠全切除加末端回肠与直肠后壁侧侧吻合术18例;（3）结肠全切除加末端回肠临时造口术13例（6个月后行末端回肠与直肠后壁侧侧吻合术）。末端回肠保护性造口在术后6个月予以还纳。结果112例患者手术成功率100％,无手术相关死亡病例。术后出现的并发症包括术后早期腹泻90例（80．4％）、肛门疼痛和排粪不尽22例（19．6％）、尿潴留（去除导尿管后24～48 h内出现）16例（14．2％）、吻合口出血9例（8．0％）、吻合口瘘6例（5．4％）以及肠梗阻15例（13．4％）,除6例肠梗阻患者接受肠粘连松解术后症状缓解外,其余并发症均通过保守治疗恢复良好。术后随访6月,不同术式患者Wexner便秘平均评分为5．8～8．3,与术前21．4～28．7比较,明显改善（P＜0．01）。结论顽固性便秘并继发性巨结肠外科手术治疗效果良好。     

Are complications of subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis related to the original disease?

The aim of this study was to compare the morbidity of subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis performed for colonic inertia, Crohn's disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, and colorectal neoplasia. A retrospective review of all patients who underwent elective colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis between June 1988 and November 1996 was performed. The patients were divided into three groups: Group I, colonic inertia; Group II, Crohn's disease; and Group III, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis or other neoplasia. Outcome factors studied included the frequency of bowel movements, the incidence of small bowel obstruction, and the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Other factors assessed included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospitalization, level of ileorectal anastomosis, time of first bowel movement, and whether the operation was undertaken in one or two stages. Statistical analysis was undertaken by using the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U exact test. All 48 patients in Group I were operated on in one stage. In Group II (30 patients) 15 patients were operated on in one stage, eight patients had a preliminary Hartmann's operation and then ileorectal anastomosis, and seven patients underwent subtotal colectomy with both an ileorectal anastomosis and a proximal loop ileostomy. In Group III (22 patients) 20 patients underwent a one-stage operation whereas two patients underwent a subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and proximal loop ileostomy. The median ages were 47.0 years in Group I, 43.8 in Group II, and 53.3 in Group III. Small bowel obstruction occurred in five patients (10%) in Group I, four patients (13.3%) in Group II, and four patients (18%) in Group III. The anastomotic leak rate was 4.2% (two patients) in Group I, 1% (three patients) in Group II, and 0% in Group III (P < 0.05). At the follow up interview after surgery, the mean number of bowel movements per day 6 months after surgery was 5.4 in Group I, 7.2 in Group II, and 5.6 in Group III, (P < 0.05, Group II vs Group I or Group III). Operative time in Group III was significantly longer than in the other two groups (P = 0.004). No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups relative to blood loss, hospitalization, or timing of first bowel movement. This study failed to identify any differences in either immediate perioperative outcome or morbidity or intermediate-term function in patients undergoing ileorectal anastomosis regardless of diagnosis. The overall rate of small bowel obstruction was 13 per cent with no significant differences among the three groups. Lastly although the anastomotic leak rate was not significantly higher in patients with Crohn's disease it was higher in the group with ileostomy and ileorectal anastomosis, which highlights a potential advantage of performance of this procedure in two stages in selected patients of this patient population.     

慢传输型便秘外科不同手术方法的疗效观察与评价

目的 对慢传输型便秘患者采用3种外科手术方法,观察其临床疗效.方法 回顾性的总结2001年8月至2006年5月手术治疗的22例慢传输型便秘患者的资料.结果 A组:采用选择性结肠肠段切除术治疗5例,术后半年内随访,3例大便正常,但有2例便秘复发.B组:采用结肠次全切除和部分直肠切除,行盲直肠吻合术治疗8例,有1例术后半年内便秘复发,其他患者术后半年内排便次数为3～7次/d. C组: 采用全结肠和部分直肠切除,行回直肠吻合术治疗9个病例.患者在术后半年内排便次数为3～8次/d,无一例复发.结论 全结肠和部分直肠切除,行回、直吻合术,是目前治疗慢传输型便秘的首选术式,疗效可靠.     

重症溃疡性结肠炎手术治疗分析

目的 评价不同手术方式治疗重症溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的治疗效果.方法 收集1996年1月至2008年12月间华西医院收治的29例重症UC手术病例的临床资料,除2例部分结肠切除外,其余27例按不同的切除方式分为全结肠切除（TC组,7例）和全结直肠切除（TPC组,20例）;按不同的吻合方式分为回肠储袋肛管吻合（IPAA组,8例）、回肠直肠（IRA）或同肠肛管（IAA）吻合（直接吻合组,14例）和回肠造口（造口组,5例）.采用CGQL量表法进行术后生活质量（QOL）评估.结果 TPC组和TC组术后并发症的发生率分别为60.0%和57.1%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;复发率分别为15.0%和57.1%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.IPAA组和直接吻合组术后并发症的发生率分别为6/8和50.0%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后1年排便次数分别为（5.6±1.7）次/d和（9.1±2.9）次/d,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组术后QOL均较术前明显改善（P＜0.01）,但两组之间差异并无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 TPC-IPAA是目前治疗重症UC较为理想的手术方式;TC-IRA则是对有生育要求患者的首选术式,但术后需严格内镜随访、监测复发及恶变情况.     

Laparoscopic subtotal colectomy for acute or severe colitis complicating inflammatory bowel disease: a case-matched study in 88 patients

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the morbidity of laparoscopic subtotal colectomy (STC) with or without anastomosis in patients with acute or severe colitis (SAC) complicating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who failed medical treatment. METHODS: Forty patients undergoing laparoscopic STC for SAC complicating IBD were identified and well-matched for age, gender, ASA score, and IBD severity at the time of colectomy (acute colitis vs steroid dependence only) with 48 patients undergoing open STC. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. Mean (+/-SD) operative time was similar after laparoscopic and open STC (253 +/- 56 vs 231 +/- 75 min; NS). Two patients (5%) required conversion into laparotomy due to intensive adhesions (n = 1) and colonic fistula (n = 1). Overall morbidity and hospital stay was similar after laparoscopic STC and open STC (35% vs 56%) (9 +/- 3 vs 12 +/- 7 days) (P > .1) respectfully. After laparoscopic STC, 84% of the patients underwent restorative intestinal continuity (with either ileorectal or ileoanal anastomosis) through reoperative laparoscopy (n = 15) or elective incision at the site of previous stoma (n = 16). CONCLUSIONS: This case-matched study suggests that laparoscopic STC was as safe and effective as open STC for IBD patients with SAC. A laparoscopic STC allows restoration of intestinal continuity restoration (ie, ileal pouch anal or ileorectal anastomosis) through a laparoscopic approach or elective incision for the majority of the patients. For these reasons, laparoscopic approach represents the best approach for colitis-complicating IBD.     

Functional results of subtotal and partial colectomy in therapy-resistant chronic constipation. A follow-up study of 32 patients]

In 32 female patients with severe constipation subtotal (n = 27) or partial (n = 5) colectomy was performed. In 8 cases slow transit constipation was preexistent, 24 patients had a megacolon/dolichocolon. Ileosigmoid anastomosis was found to show the most favourable results. None of these patients complained of constipation postoperatively and all of them reported regular (daily) bowel movements. Incontinence for flatus and/or liquid stools was less likely to occur with ileosigmoid than with rectal anastomosis (29 versus 46%).     

Operative management of severe constipation

This report investigates the concept that severe constipation requiring major abdominal surgery may result from one of three common causes: 1) colonic inertia, 2) pelvic hiatal hernia, or 3) both colonic inertia and pelvic hernia. This study evaluates the symptoms, anatomy and outcome in 201 patients with severe surgical constipation treated by a single surgeon. In 2042 patients with constipation referred to one colon and rectal surgeon, 211 major abdominal surgical procedures were performed on 201 patients for severe constipation between 1989 and 1999. There were 187 women and 14 men. Mean age was 49 years (range, 9-84). Five high-risk patients had ileostomy; 196 had major colonic surgery for anatomic or physiologic causes of constipation, excluding malignancy, diverticular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Pelvic hiatal hernia was defined as the herniation of bowel through the hiatus of the pelvic diaphragm seen on pelvic videofluoroscopy or physical examination. Of these 196 patients, 44 per cent had pelvic hiatal hernia repair (PHHR), 27 per cent had total abdominal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for colonic inertia, and 29 per cent had surgery for both colonic inertia and pelvic hiatal hernia. Of the 144 patients undergoing PHHR, 95 had Gore-Tex patch (W. L. Gore and Associates, Inc., Phoenix, AZ) sacral colpopexy. PHHR for pelvic hiatal hernia without colonic inertia included sigmoid resection, rectopexy, and Gore-Tex patch sacral colpopexy. Mean duration of follow-up was 20 months. Symptoms noted preoperatively included abdominal pain (84%), straining at stool (90%), incomplete rectal emptying (85%), painful bowel movements (74%), pelvic pain (69%), vaginal bulge (55%), digital assistance with evacuation (35%), and incontinence of stool (38%). Outcome assessed by symptom relief was successful in 89.1 per cent of patients. 8.6 per cent of patient conditions were unchanged, and 2.3 per cent were unsatisfied with the outcome. There were no postoperative deaths. The complication rate was 6.1 per cent (small bowel obstruction, 7; anastomotic leak, 2; ureteral stenosis, 2; and patch erosion, 1). In our experience, severe surgical constipation can be due to colonic inertia, pelvic hiatal hernia, or both. Careful preoperative evaluation identifies these disorders, and surgical therapy aimed at correction of anatomic and physiologic defects results in high patient satisfaction and improvement in bowel function.     

Surgical management for slow-transit constipation

Less than 10% of patients with slow-transit constipation require surgical management after failure of medical treatment. Preoperative clinical, psychological and colorectal routine investigations (ie colonic transit test, anorectal manometry and defecography) are mandatory in order to highly select the patients. To day, the surgical management of slow-transit constipation consists of subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, eventually by laparoscopic approach. Although, surgical management improves slow-transit constipation in two thirds of the patients, small bowel obstruction, abdominal pain and constipation recurrence can occur in 25%, 50%, and 10% of the patients respectively.     

结肠次全切除、逆蠕动盲肠直肠吻合术与结肠全切除、回肠直肠吻合术治疗慢传输型便秘的对比研究

目的 比较结肠次全切除、逆蠕动盲肠直肠吻合术和结肠全切除、回肠直肠吻合术治疗重度慢传输型便秘的疗效.方法 回顾性分析1999年1月至2008年6月52例慢传输型便秘患者的临床资料.其中32例行结肠次全切除、逆蠕动盲肠直肠吻合术,20例接受结肠全切除、回肠直肠吻合术.统计分析两组临床疗效并进行平行对比.结果 术后患者随访1～7年(中位时间4年).两组患者一般资料具有可比性.中位随访4年,结肠次全切除组每日大便次数显著低于结肠全切除组(2.5±0.8比3.4±0.8;P=0.000).Wexner肛门失禁评分结肠全切除组高于结肠次全切除组(5.8±1.9比4.4±1.6;P=0.011).胃肠生活质量评分结肠次全切除组显著高于结肠全切除组(120.7±7.5比111.1±12.0;P=0.005).结论 与结肠全切除术相比,对于慢传输便秘患者,行结肠次全切除、逆蠕动盲肠直肠吻合术后可获得更好的疗效和生活质量.     

腹腔镜全结肠加部分直肠切除回直肠吻合术治疗混合型便秘25例疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜全结肠加部分直肠切除回直肠吻合术治疗混合型便秘的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年1月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院收治的符合手术指征的25例混合型便秘病人的临床资料,均行腹腔镜全结肠加部分直肠切除回直肠吻合术。随访观察病人术后胃肠道功能恢复情况、术后并发症、住院时间、病人满意度、便秘症状改善情况及心理状态。结果 所有25例病人均顺利完成手术,术后首次排气时间为（49.9±16.5）h,首次排便时间为（66.2±26.6）h,住院时间（9.2±4.7）d。术后病人恢复排便后呈现不同程度的大便次数增加,为（13.8±9.3）次/d。术后6个月逐步改善至（5.2±3.9）次/d,术后1年为（3.8±4.5）次/d。病人满意度为（85.3±27.9）分,便秘治疗有效率为92.0%。部分便秘病人术后仍合并焦虑和（或）抑郁状态,便秘复发病人中焦虑和（或）抑郁人群的比例明显高于便秘缓解病人,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 腹腔镜全结肠加部分直肠切除回直肠吻合术治疗混合型便秘安全、可行,病人术后恢复快。     

The aetiology and management of sigmoid volvulus in the UK: how much colon need be excised?

The case notes of 15 patients undergoing colonic resection for sigmoid volvulus at St Mark's Hospital over 25 years have been reviewed. Eight patients underwent sigmoid colectomy, four left hemicolectomy and three total colectomy. Although 12 of the 15 patients complained of a constipated bowel habit for 'all their lives' prior to operation, all but two had a much improved bowel habit thereafter, regardless of the extent of the resection. If there is evidence of acute or recent sigmoid volvulus at operation, sigmoid colectomy alone is recommended in the first instance.     

Emergency subtotal colectomy. A new trend for treatment of obstructing carcinoma of the left colon.

During a 5-year period, 22 patients with obstructing carcinoma of the left colon were operated on in our department. All patients underwent emergency subtotal colectomy with primary ileocolonic or ileorectal anastomosis. The quality of life for patients undergoing subtotal colectomy is excellent. All patients enjoy an almost normal diet and those with an ileorectal anastomosis stabilize on two to three bowel movements per day. During a followup period of 65 months, four patients died from spread of their primary disease while two other patients died of unrelated causes. Sixteen patients are alive and free of disease. We consider subtotal colectomy the procedure of choice for patients with obstructing carcinoma of the left colon.     

Clinical results of colectomy for severe constipation

Subtotal colectomy has been performed in 40 patients with severe constipation. Only one patient was male. Five patients (13 per cent) had a history of a serious psychiatric disorder. Twenty-six patients (65 per cent) could not expel a 100-ml air-filled balloon and 19 patients (48 per cent) had electromyographic evidence of abnormal puborectalis contraction during attempted defaecation before operation. Median preoperative passage of 50 radio-opaque markers over 5 days was 16 per cent. Sixteen patients had had a previous anorectal myectomy to exclude Hirschsprung's disease. Initial resections were subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis (n = 34), caecorectal (n = 5) or ileosigmoid (n = 1) anastomosis. Secondary operations included restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (n = 6) and six patients eventually had an ileostomy. Median bowel frequency per week significantly increased after operation (0.3 (range 0-1) preoperatively to 21 (range 2-70) postoperatively, P less than 0.005), the percentage of patients with abdominal pain fell after operation from 93 to 39 per cent but symptoms of abdominal distension remained the same (86 per cent preoperatively and 82 per cent postoperatively).     

结肠慢传输型便秘24例外科治疗体会

目的 探讨结肠慢传输型便秘(slow transit constipation,STC)病人的合理手术方式.方法 回顾性分析了24例接受手术治疗的结肠STC病人的临床资料.结果 结肠次全切除、逆蠕动盲肠直肠吻合术10例,结肠大部分旷置、逆蠕动盲肠直肠吻合术8例,结肠旷置、回肠直肠吻合术4例,结肠旷置、回肠乙状结肠吻合术...     

结肠次全切除及盲肠直肠端侧吻合治疗慢传输型便秘

目的 探讨结肠次全切除及盲肠直肠端侧吻合术治疗结肠慢传输型便秘的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2006年3月至2013年4月间在兰州军区兰州总医院肛肠外科接受结肠次全切除及盲肠直肠端侧吻合术治疗的23例慢传输型便秘患者的临床疗效.结果 23例患者均成功实施手术治疗,术后发生吻合口瘘1例,尿潴留1例;无吻合口狭窄、腹腔内出血、腹腔内疝、肛门失禁等并发症发生.随访2月至7年,排粪次数维持在1～4次/d,无需加用止泻剂,排粪时间均可控制在5 min内,且无便秘症状复发.结论 结肠次全切除及盲肠直肠端侧吻合术是一种治疗结肠慢传输型便秘较为有效的方法.