阿卡波糖对老年冠心病患者餐后状态的干预研究

目的 观察老年冠心痛患者餐后生理参数的变化及阿卡波糖对这些参数以及餐后心肌缺血发作的影响.方法 选择150例出现餐后胸闷、心绞痛发作的冠心病患者,分为单纯冠心病组、合并高血压组、合并糖尿病组及合并糖耐量异常组,观察其餐前餐后血压、心率、血糖及血脂(CH、TG、HDL、LDL)变化情况.同时每组均给予阿卡波糖加常规治疗,观察餐后心肌缺血发作情况以及餐后生理参数的变化.结果 单纯冠心痛组和合并高血压组餐后血压、心率、血糖、血脂明显升高,合并糖尿病组及合并糖耐量异常组餐后血糖、血脂明显升高,血压、心率明显降低.阿卡波糖(50 mg.每日3次)治疗1月后,4组心率、血糖,血压波动幅度明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),同时餐后心绞痛发作明显减少,而对血脂无明显影响(P＞0.05).结论 不同合并症的冠心病患者餐后代谢状态不同,阿卡波糖可通过改善餐后代谢异常减少老年冠心病患者餐后心绞痛的发作.     

津力达对老年冠心病伴糖耐量低减者预后的影响

目的 探讨津力达颗粒对伴糖耐量低减的老年冠心病患者心血管事件的发生率的影响.方法 选择130例伴糖耐量低减的老年冠心病患 者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各65例,观察试验前后患者空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、血压、血脂、心率等生理参数的变化并记录包括急性心肌梗死、新发生 的心绞痛、充血性心力衰竭等心血管事件的发生率,比较两组各生理参数变化的差异,以及心血管事件的发生率的差异.结果 试验前两组生理参数差 异无显著性（P＞0.05）.试验后治疗组餐后血糖较对照组降低（P＜0.05）,治疗组总的心血管事件的发生率较对照组低（P＜0.05）.结论 津力达颗粒能 减少伴糖耐量低减的老年冠心病患者心血管事件的发生率.     

阿卡波糖治疗老年2型糖尿病40例临床分析

目的:分析阿卡波糖治疗老年2型糖尿病的临床疗效.方法:应用单一口服阿卡波糖片对40例老年2型糖尿病患者进行6个月治疗,观察治疗前后空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)水平,并观察其不良反应发生情况.结果:阿卡波糖治疗后患者的FBG、2hBG、HbA1c、TG、TC水平明显低于治疗前,其主要不良反应是腹胀、肛门排气增多.结论:单一口服阿卡波糖片能显著降低老年2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂水平,不发生低血糖事件,对老年2型糖尿病患者是一种安全有效的降糖药.     

甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病疗效观察

目的探讨睡前皮下注射长效甘精胰岛素与睡前皮下注射低精蛋白胰岛素（诺和灵N）联合口服阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较。方法将80例初诊的2型糖尿病患者随机分为治疗组（甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖组）和对照组（诺和灵30R组）,每组40例。治疗组采用阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素进行治疗,患者三餐时口服阿卡波糖50—100mg,胰岛素用量及口服药物用量根据血糖水平进行调整,胰岛素用量每次调整2～4U,1～2d调整1次;对照组进行诺和灵30R12～14U,早晚餐前30min注射,药物用量根据患者病情情况进行调整。对两组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖（2hPBG）、血糖达标时间、低血糖事件发生率及糖化血红蛋白水平进行统计学比较。结果两组患者治疗后疗效比较,治疗组2hPBG、血糖达标时间、每日应用胰岛素的剂量均低于诺和灵30R组,经比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗纽（甘精胰岛素联合阿卡渡糖组）有2例（5．0％）发生低血糖,对照纽（诺和灵30R组）有11例（27．5％）发生低血糖,经比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在2型糖尿病的治疗中,采用甘精胰岛素联合口服阿卡波糖的治疗效果较好,值得临床推广应用。     

甘精胰岛素联合药物治疗老年2型糖尿病观察

目的比较甘精胰岛素分别联合阿卡波糖及瑞格列奈治疗老年2型糖尿病的疗效。方法9例老年2型糖尿病患者停用原治疗方案,随机分为A组（阿卡波糖组）、B组（瑞格列奈组）,两组每天早上皮下注射甘精胰岛素,A组口服阿卡波糖150—300mg／a,B组口服瑞格列奈3～6mg／d,并根据空腹血糖情况调整药物用量,共治疗12周。对比分析两组空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（PPG）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）控制情况及低血糖发生情况。结果治疗后两组FPG、PPG、HbA1c均较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．05）。结论甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖或瑞格列奈能较好的控制老年2型糖尿病患者血糖及糖化血红蛋白。     

甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖对老年糖尿病的疗效和胰岛功能的影响

目的 探讨甘精胰岛素(GL)或中性鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素(NPH)联合阿卡波糖对老年糖尿病的疗效和治疗前后对胰岛功能的影响.方法 对42例初诊老年糖尿病患者分别于睡前注射GL(23例)或NPH(19例),口服阿卡波糖,观察8周前后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、空腹C肽和餐后C肽的变化.结果 二组均有明显的降血糖作用,但GL组发生的低血糖事件更少,C肽水平明显提高.结论 应用GL和NPH睡前注射均对老年糖尿病的疗效较好,但GL的低血糖发生率低,且可改善胰岛功能.     

甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗继发性磺脲类药物失效的老年糖尿病42例

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗继发性磺脲类药物失效的老年糖尿病患者的疗效。方法选取84例住院经短期胰岛素泵强化的老年糖尿病患者,随机分为甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖组42例和门冬胰岛素30组42例,16周后比较空腹及餐后血糖值、糖化血红蛋白、低血糖发生率及甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖组治疗前后的血压、血脂。结果治疗16周后甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖组餐后2小时血糖明显高于门冬胰岛素30组（P〈0.01）,前组糖化血红蛋白水平略高于后组（P〈0.05）,并且前组治疗后低密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于治疗前水平（P〈0.05）。而两组空腹血糖、体质量指数、低血糖发生率及前组治疗前后血压、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇均无显著性差异。结论甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗能较好控制血糖,低血糖发生率低。     

甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗老年2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的 观察甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗老年2型糖尿病的疗效及安全性.方法 选择2008年-2010年26例老年2型糖尿病患者.结果 治疗2月后空腹血糖、三餐后2h血糖及睡前10点血糖明显下降.结论 甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗老年糖尿病疗效显著,低血糖发生率低.     

阿卡波糖对葡萄糖耐量减低冠心病患者预后的影响

目的探讨阿卡波糖对葡萄糖耐量减低的冠心病患者心血管事件发生情况的影响。方法选择经冠状动脉造影证实冠心病且合并葡萄糖耐量减低的患者154例,将其随机分为两组,治疗组77例,在常规治疗的基础上加用阿卡波糖进行干预;对照组77例,仅予常规治疗。结果6个月内149例患者获得随访;治疗组心血管事件发生率10.7%(8/75例),明显低于对照组的25.7%(19/74例),P<0.05。结论在葡萄糖耐量减低合并冠心病的患者中,应用阿卡波糖进行干预,可以降低心血管事件的发生率。     

甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗老老年2型糖尿病29例

目的观察甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗老老年2型糖尿病疗效及安全性。方法2004年1月至2010年5月应用甘精胰岛素与阿卡波糖治疗老老年2型糖尿病患者29例。结果治疗3个月后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、睡前血糖均明显下降（P〈0．05）,空腹C肽、餐后2hC肽有所升高（P〈0．05）,且在整个治疗过程中,未发生低血糖反应。结论甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗老老年2型糖尿病患者是一种安全、有效且方便的治疗方案,低血糖发生的可能性极小。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.