医用X线摄影机质量检测设备的利用及数据处理

本文分析了影响医用X线摄影机性能和影像质量的主要技术参数,以及检测这些技术参数所用设备的性能,探讨了应用不同检测设备需注意的问题,并对微机化数据处理进行了浅析,促进了医用X射线摄影机质量检测工作准确和快速地进行。     

新宇NC100型C臂X线机复合故障的检修

介绍了南京新宇NC100型C臂机球管及电源控制板复合故障的检修流程。     

KFⅢ型200毫安X线机常见故障分析与检修

介绍和总结了KFⅢ200毫安X线机在长期使用过程中出现的6种较常见的故障及其排除方法。     

南京部队医用诊断X线工作情况调查分析

据联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会(U-NSCEAR)的统计资料,医用诊断X线是目前人类接受人工电离辐射的最大来源。为贯彻国家卫生部1987年颁发的《医用诊断X线卫生防护标准》,落实全军医用X线防护工作三年规划,我们在1989年4月至1990年1月,对军区团以上医疗卫生单位的医用诊断X线工作情况作了全面调查,现报告如下。     

中高频X线机及其实现方式

本文介绍了中高频X线机技术,并通过与传统的工频X线机的比较,重点介绍了中高频线机的独特优势。还原过实例分析,介绍了中高频X线机 实现的原理和方式。     

浅谈X线设备的预防性维护

Ｘ线设备的运行态势，必然会因其设备本身。操作人为因素、环境条件变化而导致设备功能和精度的不正常及故障和损坏。Ｘ线设备的维修保养工作，则是放射科Ｘ线设备管理的重要环节。特别是近些年来，随着改革开放和医院现代化建设的发展，绝大部分医院都不同程度地从国外引进了先进的医疗设备，如大容量Ｘ线机、ＣＴ机等，因技术和配件问题，维修保养工作越发显得突出了，尤其是对Ｘ线设备进行预防性或预测性维修就更为必要了。预防性维护（ＰｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｖｅＭａｉｎｔｅｎａｎｃｅ，ＰＭ）则是改变陈旧性的维修观念，即彻底改变过去那种…     

国防科工委部分医用诊断X线机防护调查

国防科工委部分医用诊断Ｘ线机防护调查杨觉雄，王学川，王永兰（国防科工委后勤部军事医学研究所北京）为搞好医用诊断Ｘ线机防护管理，我们对国防科工委所属单位的部分医用Ｘ线诊断机防护现状进行了调查，报告如下。１方法采用填表函调和现场调查相结合方法，使用全军统...     

长沙市医用诊断X线机防护调查

Ｘ线机已普遍应用于各级医疗卫生单位，为了解长沙市医用诊断Ｘ线机的防护现状，以便采取有效的防护对策，我们于１９９０至１９９４年对长沙市各级医疗单位的医用诊断Ｘ线机的防护情况进行了调查，现将结果报告如下。１对象与方法１．１在全市（含区、县）范围内各级医疗...     

东芝KXO-15CX线发生器透视无图像故障分析

本文对我院东芝KX0-15CX线发生器出现过9次透视无图像故障进行了分析讨论，并论述了检修方法。     

Le processus du vieillissement : longévité et alimentation

Ageing and the nutrition knew two great evolutions recently. First of all, progress of the genetics of ageing which showed the genetic control of longevity. In addition, the important corpus of knowledge accumulated in the field of the food restriction, one of the rare interventions not-genetics known to increase the longevity of the mammals. This type of food mode being associated with a reduction in pathologies related to the age. The conjunction of these two targets of research made it possible to discover at animal models, mainly invertebrate, the subjacent genetic mechanisms binding the level of food and longevity. The comprehension of these genetic mechanisms will make it possible to open therapeutic new prospects connected to the processes of ageing. From yeast to mammals, a certain number of homologous genetic ways were shown. This rise of knowledge brings a beam, always growing, of data showing that the nervous system power station plays a part crucial in the perception of the requirements out of food also in the invertebrates.     

Ethical requirements for occupational health research--compliance arrangements for a single company in relation to a recent major nuclear industry study.

The media coverage given to occupational health studies in the field of ionizing radiation has, on occasion, been the cause of very real distress to radiation workers and their families. In response to this situation the Chief Medical Officers of the major UK nuclear companies developed an ethical policy for future involvement in research, based on the duty of care which researchers owe to a key customer of such studies: the worker. The policy consists of four principal elements: medical confidentiality; worker information; worker consent and the guarantee of the availability to the workers of pre-publication knowledge of the results. The policy issued in 1991/92 has achieved growing acceptance among researchers and medical journals, though the medical officers involved have been aware of some scepticism, particularly in relation to the practicalities of the dissemination of pre-publication information. The Record Linkage Study published in November 1997 marked a major piece of research work involving data from 120,000 radiation workers that had been carried out since the development of the policy. This paper reports on the successful compliance arrangements to meet the ethical requirements of that study within a single UK nuclear company, and is published to demonstrate that with commitment from researchers, the journal and occupational health staff such ethical requirements, and particularly the need for pre-publication information can be met in full.     

The impact of needle-exchange programs on the spread of HIV among injection drug users: A simulation study

Objective. To determine the impact of the implementation of a needle-exchange program (NEP) on the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in an injection drug user (IDU) community. We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study of a theoretical population of 10,000 IDUs. The population was followed monthly from 1984 to 2000. HIV was assumed to be transmitted only by needle sharing. The NEP was introduced in 1989 and evaluated over a period of 11 years. The impacts of the proportion of the population attending the NEP, the risk level of IDUs attending the NEP, the reduction in needle-sharing frequency, and the number of new needle-sharing partners acquired at the NEP on prevalence and incidence of HIV were determined. Increasing the proportion of the population who always attend the NEP and eliminating needle-sharing incidents among IDUs who always attended the NEP were the most effective ways of reducing the spread of HIV. Attracting high-risk users instead of lower risk users to the NEP also reduced the spread of HIV, but to a lesser extent. NEPs are effective at reducing the spread of HIV; even under the worst case scenario of low risk users more likely to attend the NEP, one additional partner per month as a result of attending the NEP, and poor NEP attendance, the estimated prevalence was still less than that from the scenario without an NEP. Under our model, NEPs were shown to reduce the spread of HIV significantly. Efforts should be focused on getting as many IDUs as possible to become regular NEP attenders and stop sharing needles rather than partially reducing the frequency of sharing by a larger number of IDUs.     

Les cellules endothéliales du tissu adipeux

The adipose tissue plays a major role in energy homeostasis through the storage and release of fatty acids as well as adipokine production. The endothelial cells of the adipose tissue vascular network constitute a barrier between the blood and the adipocyte compartments. They are key players in the metabolic status of the fat mass controlling the exchanges of nutrients, hormones, oxygen and immune-inflammatory cells. Recent data highlight the process of lipid handling at the endothelial cell surface and of the transendothelial transit of fatty acids. The extension of the vascular network and its functionality are necessary for the adipose tissue integrity. Insufficient oxygen supply generates hypoxic area within the tissue that favors metabolic abnormalities and the recruitment of immuno-inflammatory cells. The present review relates to the role of adipose tissue endothelial cells in the adipose tissue physiology. Their involvement and more particularly the role of accelerated ageing, in the link between obesity and associated metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies are described.     

Obésité : que nous dit l’épidémiologie ?

In most developed and developing countries, a regular increase of the prevalence of obesity has been documented during the last decade(s) of the xxth century. The last figure from the USA is for the first time discordant with this general trend by showing a clear slowing down since year 2000. In children likewise, a rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity took place in the second half of the xxth century but recent publications from France, Switzerland, UK, USA also report a stabilization of childhood overweight and obesity prevalences. The experience of developing countries clearly shows the impact of socioeconomic status improvement and urbanization on the prevalence of obesity. In developed countries like France, a striking element was the diffuse nature of the adult obesity epidemic observed from the 1990s. The general improvement of living conditions after the Second World War probably explains the diffuse nature of the epidemics. Specifically, the changes in the nutritional status of children that happened at that time have long lasting consequences for adult obesity epidemics. Indeed, a new current in epidemiology, lifecourse epidemiology, has prompted over the past decade a new approach of the pathophysiology of chronic diseases, including obesity. Lifecourse epidemiology considers factors affecting the susceptibility to diseases over the whole life with critical periods during developmental phases. Critical periods for the susceptibility to obesity have been documented in prenatal life, during the first 6 months of postnatal life and from 3 years on starting at the time of the adiposity rebound. Parental obesity is involved at each of the critical periods. The transgenerational transmission of obesity is explained by genetic factors, shared lifestyle but also epigenetics especially during the early developmental periods. The slowing down of the childhood obesity epidemics observed in several developed countries may signal that factors affecting the early susceptibility to obesity have recently changed.     

肥胖对中小学生生理机能与常见疾病的影响

目的 使用2009年、2012年、2015年3个年份的样本量来分析重庆地区在2009—2015年间的肥胖检出情况、肥胖对学生的身体机能和常见疾病的影响情况,为改善学生生理机能、降低相关疾病寻找依据和方法。方法 通过分析2009年、2012年、2015年重庆市学生体质健康监测的累加数据,观察肥胖对学生血压、肺活量、肺活量指数、视力等身体机能的影响以及对近视、龋齿等常见疾病的影响。结果 2009年、2012年、2015年学生累计样本数为202 235人,体质量指数为肥胖的学生9 529人,肥胖率为4.71%,其中男生肥胖率为5.79%,女生肥胖率为3.73%,男生肥胖率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=473.66,P<0.01);城市学生肥胖率为5.88%,乡村学生肥胖率为3.66%,城市学生肥胖率高于乡村学生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=551.30,P<0.01)。在生理功能方面,非肥胖组学生右眼视力、左眼视力、收缩压、舒张压、肺活量、肺活量指数均优于肥胖组学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肥胖组学生龋失补总牙数均值与非肥胖组学生比较,差值为-0.22颗/人,差异有统计学意义(t=-16.31,P<0.01);肥胖组与非肥胖组的龋齿检出率分别为13.43%和20.54%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=113.34,P<0.01);肥胖组近视检出率右眼左眼分别为57.45%、 57.00%,非肥胖组近视检出率右眼左眼分别为51.86%、51.47%,肥胖组近视检出率与非肥胖组近视检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2右眼=113.34,P<0.01;χ2左眼=109.11,P<0.01)。结论 2009年、2012年、2015年重庆市中小学生肥胖检出率均处于一个较低水平,肥胖表现出了显著的性别间、城乡间差异;肥胖易使学生视力降低、血压升高、肺功能储备降低。     

The prevalence of work-related upper limb disorders in a printing factory

The association between problems of the upper limb and the workplaceis complex. A large printing manufacturer in the North Westof England sought the advice of both a surgeon, specializingin problems of the upper limb and an ergonomist in an attemptto control the frequency of these abnormalities amongst itsworkforce. The prevalence of these problems prior to and afterthe introduction of a number of recommendations was collatedand the results are discussed. Effectively the introductionof sensible and sympathetic modifications to the workplace appearedto reduce the number of upper limb disorders.     

Occupational Health Services in Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria

The provision of adequate health care facilities to cater forthe health of workers is an important consideration in the managementof manufacturing industries, since productivity is dependenton the health status of the workers. There are very few studiesevaluating the health care provision in Nigerian industries.This study elucidates such health care services in Edo and DeltaStates of Nigeria. One hundred and thirty-five (56%) of the241 registered manufacturing industries in Edo and Delta Statesof Nigeria were randomly selected and investigated. The responserate was 91.1% and the result showed that the medical staffcomprised 2.5% of the total workforce, with the large scaleindustries contributing the highest proportion of these. Fourpoint five per cent of the medical staff had formal trainingin occupational health and 15.6% of them visited the factoryshop floor. The doctor:staff ratio in the medium and large scaleindustries were 1:819 and 1:618 respectively. It was found thatall the industries used the health care facilities providedby the government, there were no clinics in all the small scaleindustries and group practice was not used by any of the industriesstudied. Pre-employment medical examinations were carried outin each of the groups of industries (100%, 39.4% and 5%) respectively,as were periodic medical examinations during employment, althoughto a lesser extent (100%, 13.2%, 0%) for the large, medium andsmall scale industries respectively. These finding suggest theavailability of a reasonable standard of health care provisionfor large scale industries and somewhat less availability formedium and small scale industries. Health education of boththe employers of labour, and the employees and the enforcementof existing laws are needed to improve the existing standardof occupational health services.     

45例HIV抗体不确定结果的人群跟踪观察和分析

目的探讨用WB检测HIV抗体产生不确定结果的特点,WB确认实验存在的问题及可能的改善措施。方法分析实验室2004～2008年检测的标本中WB检测结果为＂HIV抗体不确定＂者的人群分布特点、产生条带特点、受检者随访复检及抗体转归情况。结果＂HIV抗体不确定＂者人员构成中一般人群居多,＂HIV抗体不确定＂者随访困难,复检率较低;WB实验存在假阳性,其中P24带占绝大多数,出现机率最大。结论＂HIV抗体不确定＂结果与WB实验的假阳性有关,实验室应采取应对措施尽可能减少＂HIV抗体不确定＂,并对结果进行准确解释。     

NLR与MLR对腹膜透析患者腹腔感染的诊断及预后评估价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(MLR)对腹膜透析患者腹腔感染的诊断及预后评估价值。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选择池州市人民医院肾脏内科2015年9月-2018年12月进行腹膜透析的患者416例为研究对象。收集患者透析前临床资料,连续随访观察至2019年12月31日。根据患者透析前NLR、MLR水平,分为NLR升高组、NLR正常组和MLR升高组、MLR正常组。采用Log-rank法比较其差异,诊断价值分析采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价NLR、MLR对患者腹腔透析期间发生腹膜炎的诊断价值。结果Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,NLR、MLR升高组患者首次透析至腹膜炎发生的时间缩短(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,NLR、MLR、NLR+MLR对于腹膜透析患者发生腹膜炎诊断的曲线下面积分别为0.715、0.749、0.831(P<0.05);多发性腹膜炎组基线NLR、MLR水平高于单发性腹膜炎组(P<0.05);因腹膜炎病死患者基线NLR、MLR水平高于存活患者(P<0.05)。结论基线NLR、MLR升高的腹膜透析患者较早发生腹膜炎,其水平对于腹膜炎发生具有预测价值,且对于判断是否为多发性感染及患者死亡具有一定意义。